| 释义 |
‖ Trypanosoma Zool.|ˌtrɪpənəʊˈsəʊmə|
[mod.L., f. Gr. τρύπανον borer + σῶµα body.]
A genus of flagellate infusorial protozoa, species of which are parasitic in the blood of man and other animals, causing specific diseases, such as sleeping-sickness; an infusorian of this genus. Hence ˌtrypanoˈsomacide [L. -cīda, -cide 1], a substance having the property of destroying trypanosomes; trypanosomal |-ˈsəʊməl| a., (a) of, pertaining to, or caused by trypanosomes; (b) = trypanosomid adj.; trypanosomatic |-səʊˈmætɪk|, -somatous |-ˈsəʊmətəs| adjs., = typanosomal adj. (a); ‖ ˌtrypanosomaˈtosis [mod.L.: see -osis] = trypanosomiasis; ˈtrypanosome |-səʊm| [a. F. trypanosome (Gruby, 1843)], (a) an infusorian of the genus Trypanosoma; (b) used attrib. to designate trypanosomes and related hæmoflagellates at a stage in their life cycle when they have an elongated body with the flagellum arising from the posterior end; cf. trypomastigote; ‖ trypanosomiasis |-səʊˈmaɪəsɪs|, pl. -ases |-əsiːz| [mod.L., after elephantiasis, etc.; but the etymological pronunciation would be |-ɪˈeɪsɪs|], a disease produced by infection with trypanosomes; trypanosomic |-ˈsəʊmɪk| a. = trypanosomal (in quot. 1906, infected with trypanosomes); trypanoˈsomid n. and a. [ad. mod.L. Trypanosomidæ (F. Doflein Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger (1901) 57): see -id3], (pertaining to or designating) a member of the family Trypanosomidæ, which comprises trypanosomes and related species of flagellate protozoans which at some stage in their life cycle have an elongated body with one nucleus and a single flagellum arising from a kinetosome; also trypanoˈsomatid n. and a. (corresponding to the synonymous family name Trypanosomatidæ).
[1843Gruby in Comptes Rendus XVII. 1134 (title) Recherches et observations sur une nouvelle espèce d'hématozoaire, Trypanosoma sanguinis. Les travaux des physiologistes modernes ont fait connaître l'existence de parasites vivants dans le sang des animaux. Ibid. 1135 Je propose de nommer cet hématozoaire Trypanosome.] 1880Kent Infusoria I. 218 *Trypanosoma... Occurring in the blood of Amphibia, and within the intestinal viscera of domestic poultry. 1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases v. 102 [Sir David] Bruce's notable work on the tsetse fly as a medium in diffusing the trypansoma of ‘fly disease’. 1903Daily Chron. 20 Nov. 5/2 A fly had been found to convey the newly-discovered blood-parasite of tropical countries, called the trypanosoma.
1903Times 7 Nov. 12/1 The search for what must, we suppose, be styled a *trypanosomacide.
1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 644 Prowazek..finds similar *trypanosomal forms which also assume resting forms. 1908Lancet 2 May 1285/2 Trypanosomal infection. 1942D. L. Belding Textbk. Clin. Parasitol. xi. 144 The species..of the genus Herpetomonas have four stages in their life cycle, appearing as leishmanian, leptomonad, crithidial and trypanosomal forms. 1971Markell & Voge Med. Parasitol. (ed. 3) vii. 115 In both the Gambian and Rhodesian forms of African trypanosomiasis, the parasites occur in the blood stream and central nervous system in the trypanosomal form.
1904Science 22 July 112/2 The cultivation of the organisms causing *trypanosomatic diseases. 1962Jrnl. Protozool. IX. 53/1 Because certain species of horseflies..have been incriminated in the transmission of trypanosomes of animals, a study of their own *trypanosomatid parasites has a particular interest for students of insect flagellates. 1963F. G. Wallace in J. Ludvík et al. Progr. in Protozool. 70 The criteria that have been used most in the definition of genera among the trypanosomatids of insects have been morphological. 1977C. D. Becker in J. P. Kreier Parasitic Protozoa I. x. 370 Trypanosomes of fish appear to be similar to related trypanosomatids from the blood of other vertebrates.
1903Lancet 4 Apr. 945/2 [The chimpanzee] suffers from ankylostomiasis, filariasis, and *trypanosomatosis.
1891Cent. Dict., *Trypanosomatous.
1903Daily Record & Mail 16 Apr. 5 Although we found the parasite in none of the natives..we did find a *trypanasome in each of two horses belonging to the commandant. 1908Athenæum 21 Nov. 651/3 Prof. E. A. Minchin exhibited a series of drawings of trypanosomes obtained from British freshwater fishes. 1924Hegner & Taliaferro Human Protozool. v. 151 Once these crithidial forms [of Trypanosoma spp.] are established in the salivary glands they probably form a permanent source for the production of the infective trypanosome forms. 1949C. A. Hoare Handbk. Med. Protozool. xi. 171 The developmental stages through which trypanosomes pass in the course of their life-cycle..comprise the trypanosome, crithidial and leishmanial forms, and occasionally also the leptomonad form. 1967A. W. Jones Introd. Parasitol. xxix. 412 Trypanosoma..may include all forms, and it parasitizes insect and vertebrate hosts. In the latter host, only the trypanosome form occurs.
1902Westm. Gaz. 21 Aug. 5/2 An..expedition to West Africa..left..to-day... They go to French Senegal,..into the interior to investigate the tropical disease known as *trypanosomiasis. 1912Nature 21 Nov. 338/2 The progress..of our knowledge with regard to the trypanosomiases of animals and human beings in Africa.
1905Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 May 1140 The heavy loss among horses and cattle..from various *trypanosomic diseases. 1905[see trypan]. 1906Jrnl. Med. Research July 125 This water is then inoculated with the otherwise sterile trypanosomic blood. 1956Nature 11 Feb. 279/2 (heading) A synthetic growth medium for the *trypanosomid flagellate Strigomonas (Herpetomonas) oncopelti. Ibid., This trypanosomid..is parasitic in the digestive tract of Hemiptera. 1975Nature 8 May 157/1 Calcium may be responsible for the control of flagellar activity in a trypanosomid flagellate, Crithidia oncopelti. |