| 释义 |
▪ I. Galilean, a.1 and n.1|gælɪˈliːən|
Also Galilæan.
[f. L. Galilæ-a (Gr. Γαλιλαία Galilee) + -an.]
A. adj. Of or belonging to Galilee, the most northerly province of Palestine. Also, Christian.
1637Milton Lycidas 109 Last came, and last did go, The Pilot of the Galilæan lake. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 233 Thy life hath yet been private, most part spent At home, scarce view'd the Gallilean Towns. 1821Shelley Hellas (1822) l. 550 Every Islamite who made his dogs Fat with the flesh of Galilean slaves. 1927W. B. Yeats Resurrection in Adelphi IV. 729 He walked that room and issued thence In Galilæan turbulence. 1958A. Toynbee East to West 210 The southern face of the Galilaean highlands is blurred.
B. n. A native or an inhabitant of Galilee; used by pagans as a contemptuous designation for Christ, and hence as a synonym for ‘Christian’. Also, a member of a fanatical sect which arose in Galilee in the 1st century.
1611Bible Acts ii. 7 Behold, are not all these which speake, Galileans? 1683Life Julian 100 After he received that mortal blow, he..cryed out, Thou hast overcome, O Galilean. 1686A. Horneck Crucif. Jesus xxiii. 697 A Galilean was a nick-name; when the Jews called one a Galilean, they meant an inconsiderable person. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. xvi. 526 Under the appellation of Galilæans, two distinctions of men were confounded, the most opposite to each other in their manners and principles; the disciples who had embraced the faith of Jesus of Nazareth, and the zealots who had followed the standard of Judas the Gaulonite. 1811Shelley Let. 24 Apr. (1964) I. 66 The Galilean is not a favorite of mine. 1866Swinburne Poems & Ballads 78 Wilt thou yet take all, Galilean? Ibid. 79 Thou hast conquered, O pale Galilean; the world has grown grey from thy breath. 1957Encycl. Brit. IX. 976/1 Deborah, Jonah, Elisha and perhaps Hosea were Galileans.
▪ II. Galilean, a.2 (and n.2)|gælɪˈliːən|
Also Galileian.
[f. Galileo the celebrated Italian astronomer + -an.]
A. adj.
a. Distinctive epithet of the form of telescope invented by Galileo. Discovered by Galileo, as Galilean satellite, any of the largest four moons of the planet Jupiter; also, pertaining to or arising out of the work of Galileo.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v. Telescope, The Galilean or Dutch telescope. 1757W. Emerson Doctrine of Fluxions (ed. 2) p. viii, Let a heavy Body descend through a perpendicular Height of 161/12 Feet in one Second of Time, according to the Gallilean Hypothesis of Gravity. 1769Franklin Lett. Wks. 1887 IV. 234, I have got from Mr. Ellicot the glasses, &c., of the long Galilean telescope. 1878Newcomb Pop. Astron. ii. i. 108 The Galilean telescope was..of the simplest construction. 1903J. J. Fahie Galileo v. 94 From about 1637, Francesco Fontana of Naples also began to turn out good glasses [sc. lenses] of the Galilean pattern. 1911Encycl. Brit. XV. 564/1 In apparent brightness each of the four Galilean satellites may be roughly classed as of the sixth magnitude. 1944Chambers's Techn. Dict. Suppl. 961/1 Galilean binoculars, binoculars in which the objectives are of the usual doublet telescope objective type and the eyepieces are negative lenses. 1954A. R. Hall Scientific Revolution vi. 168 By its attention to actual phenomena Galilean science was made real and experiential. 1970Nature 25 Apr. 316/1 It should be possible by 1974 to obtain radar echoes from the Galilean satellites of Jupiter.
b. Physics. Pertaining to the properties of space and time assumed in classical physics; Galilean transformation, a transformation of co-ordinates in which the classical laws of motion remain unchanged.
1910Sci. Abstr. XIII. 261 Mathematically these principles are represented by an invariance or co⁓variance with respect to certain transformations. These transformations are (1) for Newtonian mechanics the ‘Galilean transformation’..; (2) for Lorentz's electro⁓dynamics the ‘Lorentz transformation’. 1918A. S. Eddington Rep. Relativity Theory Gravitation ii. 18 The laws of mechanics and electrodynamics are usually enunciated with respect to ‘unaccelerated rectangular axes’, or, as they are often called, ‘Galilean axes’. Ibid. v. 48 The path of a particle in Galilean co-ordinates (i.e., under no forces) is a straight line. 1920R. W. Lawson tr. Einstein's Relativity iv. 11 A system of co-ordinates of which the state of motion is such that the law of inertia holds relative to it is called a ‘Galileian system of co⁓ordinates’. 1922E. P. Adams tr. Einstein's Meaning Relativity iii. 65 There are finite regions, where, with respect to a suitably chosen space of reference, material particles move freely without acceleration, and in which the laws of the special theory of relativity..hold with remarkable accuracy. Such regions we shall call ‘Galilean regions’. 1960R. M. Palter Whitehead's Philos. Sci. viii. 166 Newton's laws of motion are covariant with respect to Galilean transformations (i.e., transformations which carry one inertial system into another).
B. n. One who holds or supports Galileo's views.
1925A. N. Whitehead Sci. & Mod. World (1926) viii. 186 The difference is very analogous to that between the Galileans and the Aristotelians: Aristotle said ‘rest’ where Galileo added ‘or uniform motion in a straight line’. |