| 释义 |
▪ I. weapon, n.|ˈwɛp(ə)n|
Forms: α. 1 wǽpen, wœ́p(e)n, wépen, wǽmn, 1–2 wǽpn, 2–3 Orm. wæpenn, 3–7 wepen, 4 wepene, -in, 4–5 wepne, 4–6 weppen, 5–6 wepun, wep(p)yn, 5–7 wepon, 5 weppon, weppun, (vepen), 6 weapen, 6– weapon; β. 3 E. Angl. wopen; north. and Sc. 3–7 wapen, 4 wappen, vap(p)yn, 4–7 wapin, 5–6 wappin, wap(p)yn, 5 vappin, 5, 7 wappon, 6 wapon, vapon, vapin, vaupyn, waippin, waipone, wapoune, 7 wapone.
[Com. Teut.: OE. wǽpen neut. = OFris. wêpin, OS. wâpan (MLG. wâpen, whence MHG. wâpen, wâppen, mod.G. wappen only in the sense of armorial bearings), OHG. wâfan (MHG. wâfen neut., mod.G. waffe fem.), ON. vápn neut. (Sw. vapen, Da. vaaben), Goth. *wēpn (pl. wēpna):—OTeut. *wǣpno-m:—pre-Teut. *wēbno-m. A parallel type *wǣƀno-m (:—pre-Teut. *wēpnó-m) is supposed by some scholars to be implied by certain rare forms in various Teut. langs.: OHG. or OS. (Hildebrandslied) wâbnum dat. pl., OE. wǽmn, ON. vámn. Outside Teut. no probable cognates have been found.
The northern ME. wāpen (later wappen) and the rare (E. Anglian) wopen represent the ON. vápn: cf. wapentake, wappenshaw. The shortening of the long stressed vowel in the first syllable is normal; Ormin has still the OE. quantity.
The pl. in OE. was normally identical in form with the sing., but in the 10th and 11th c. forms with final -u occur. In Layamon c 1205 the plural is usually wepnen, though there are also examples of wepne and wapen. From the beginning of the 14th c. the plural has in ordinary use been formed with the suffix -(e)s; with regard to the occasional uninflected plural see 1 b below.]
1. a. An instrument of any kind used in warfare or in combat to attack and overcome an enemy.
α Beowulf 1509 Swa he ne mihte no..wæpna ᵹewealdan. Ibid. 1573 He..wæpen hafenade heard be hiltum. c930O.E. Chron. an. 917, & a-hreddon eall þæt hie ᵹe-numen hæfdon, & eac hira horsa & hira wæpna micelne dæl. c1205Lay. 6424 Morpidus..seouen hundred of-sloh and swemde mið wepnen. a1225Ancr. R. 240 Þe þet his wepnen worpeð awei, him luste beon iwunded. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15518 When þey were waxen on elde, Armes to bere, & wepne to welde. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 304 Alle þat bereth baslarde, brode swerde or launce, Axe other hachet or eny wepne ellis. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 34 With-outen wepene saue his handes tweyne He slow and al torente the leon. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 471 A clod Of eerthe, at your heedes to slynge or caste, Were wepne ynow. c15111st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 28/1 There wepyns is lange pykes and stones ther they caste myghtly with. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Suffolk xxi, And sum with weapons would have layed on lode. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. i. 322 'Tis best we stand vpon our guard..: let's draw our weapons. 1614Ralegh Hist. World v. iii. §21. 579 The Battels of foote..drew neere together..till they were almost within a weapons cast. 1636Massinger Bashf. Lover i. ii, In a cause like this, The Husbandman would change his ploughing-irons To weapons of defence. 1697Dryden æneis v. 668 Fix'd in the Mast the feather'd Weapon stands. 1750Gray Long Story 39 They hid their armour And veil'd their weapons bright and keen. 1821Byron Sardan. ii. i, My sword! O fool, I wear no sword: here, fellow, Give me thy weapon. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities i. v, Nothing was represented in a flourishing condition, save tools and weapons. 1870Emerson Soc. & Solit., Eloquence (end), The Arabian warrior of fame, who wore seventeen weapons in his belt. 1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 278 The term ‘small arms’ includes sporting and military weapons carried by the shooter. 1902A. S. Hurd How Navy is run 81 There is a roar and a crash as the great 25-ton weapon speaks.
βc1250Gen. & Ex. 469 Wopen of wiȝte and tol of grið. a1300Cursor M. 15722 Sper and suerd and mace þai bring, And wapens oþer maa. 1375Barbour Bruce ix. 711 Thair fayis thaim met vith vapnys bar. c1470Henry Wallace i. 193 Wapynnys he bur, outhir gud suerd or knyff. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 461 With alkin wappyns..that wes for were wroght. 1549Compl. Scot. xi. 96 Al the vaupynis and armour of scotland to be delyuerit to the inglismen. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 194 All the arteilzerrie..with all maner of vaponis. 1650J. Nicoll Diary (Bann. Club) 28 Our Scottis army being all drowsie..and many of thame thair horsses and wapines to seik.
† Proverb.a1575Pilkington Expos. Neh. iv. (1585) 64 b, A weapon boods peace, as the common saying is.
transf. (humorously)1712–14Pope Rape Lock iii. 128 Just then, Clarissa drew with tempting grace A two-edg'd weapon from her shining case. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. xix, For Chadband..can wield such weapons of the flesh as a knife and fork, remarkably well. 1873Tristram Moab v. 95 Those, to him, novel weapons, a knife and fork.
†b. Down to the end of the 16th c., the plural, when used in the collective sense = ‘arms’, was often identical in form with the sing. Obs.
c825Vesp. Psalter xlv. 10 Boᵹan forþreste[ð] & ᵹebriceð wepen [Vulg. arma]. c1200Ormin 8187 & hise cnihhtess alle imæn Forþ ȝedenn wiþþ þe bære, Wiþþ heore wæpenn alle bun, Swa summ þeȝȝ sholldenn fihhtenn. c1205Lay. 499 Al þæt wapmon-cun þa mihte beren wapen. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3283 Wepen, and srud, siluer, and gold. a1300Cursor M. 7572 Þat all mai wit þat godd o might Sauues noght man in wapen bright. c1425Eng. Conq. Irel. xxi. 54 Out of wepne [v.r. wepyn], he was as redy to otheres byddynge as other to hys. c1450in Kingsford Chron. Lond. (1905) 137 And then the erll of Arondell sett gouernance in that contre and tokyn all wepyn from hem. c1520Barclay Salust's Jugurth xl. 56 b, Their ennemies..lette them to go to the castell of the towne where their armoure and wepyn was. 1550Harington tr. Cicero's Bk. Friendship (1562) 26 As if Coriolanus hadde anye freendes, whether they oughte to haue borne weapon with hym agaynste their countrey. 1561T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer i. (1900) 89 He was forced to arise from bankettes and runne to weapon. 1585–6Earl of Leicester Corr. (Camden) 426 They doe make reckoning of all ther vyttell, of ther armour, and wepon. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 363 Thair myndes war sa in ydleset, and close fra weir and wapoune.
c. fig.
c888ælfred Boeth. iii. §1 Ic [Wisdom] wat þæt þu hæfst þara wæpna to hraðe forᵹiten þe ic þe ær sealde. a1000Guthlac 148 (Gr.) Ᵹyrede hine ᵹeorne mid gæstlicum wæpnum. c1175Lamb. Hom. 69 [God] ȝeue us wepne for to boren Mid gode werkes for us to weren. a1200Moral Ode 336 in O.E. Hom. I, Mid fasten and almesse..Mid þo wepnen þe god haued ȝiuen alle mancunne. c1200Ormin 12485 Þe deofell comm to wundenn Crist Þurrh gluterrnessess wæpenn. a1225Ancr. R. 366 Þe wepnen þet slowen him, þet weren ure sunnen. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. v. (1495) 32 Angels ben callyd Smythes for they araye for vs ghostly wepyn. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. (1634) 405 That they..should dedicate themselves to God,..and their members, weapons of righteousness to God. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. iii. 61 His Champions, are the Prophets and Apostles, His Weapons, holy Sawes of sacred Writ. 1605― Lear ii. iv. 280 And let not womens weapons, water drops, Staine my mans cheekes. 1718Pope Iliad xx. 297 So voluble a weapon is the tongue. 1832H. Martineau Manch. Strike iv. 53 The first man who deserts the work..puts the weapon of the law into the hands of our opponents. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 151 A consummate master of all the weapons of controversy. 1864Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xv. (1875) 253 The charge of heresy was one of the weapons used with most effect against Frederick II. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. IV. xviii. 188 William was not slow to follow with other weapons. His course was..to seize the towns.
d. transf. Any part of the body (esp. of a bird or beast) which is or may be used as a means of attack or defence, as a claw, horn, tusk, or the like; in pl., the spurs of a game cock or hen.
(Cf. arm n.2 11, armature 5.)
1635Markham Pleas. Princes 43 Your [Game] Henne..must be..well tufted on the crowne, which shewes courage: if shee have weapons she is better. 1749Fielding Tom Jones ii. iv, Those weapons which she wore at the ends of her fingers. 1823‘Jon Bee’ Dict. Turf, Weapons, in cocking, the spurs appearing on hens or young cocks. 1914A. S. Woodward Guide Fossil Rem. Man, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1915) 5 Typical modern monkeys, with the canine teeth enlarged into weapons.
†e. A soldier of a class distinguished by the weapon he uses. Obs. rare—1.
1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 12 Whilest the Piquers and other weapons doo reduce themselues into forme vnder their Ensignes.
f. Used for: One skilled in the use of a weapon. rare—1. (? quasi-arch.)
1852Thackeray Esmond ii. viii, Blandford knows which of us two is the best weapon. At small-sword, or back-sword,..I can beat him.
2. Phrases.
†a. to take weapon in hand: to take up arms.
1538Starkey England 79 In tyme of warr, hyt ys necessary for our plowmen and laburarys of the cuntrey to take wepun in hand. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 573 Amurath never tooke weapon in hand against this people, before he understood..that all Persia was in uprore.
b. at all, any weapons: with weapons of any kind. † at the weapons of ―: with the weapons used by ―. † to play one's prize(s at all, at several, in all weapons: fig. to use every or several means to win one's contest (cf. prize n.2 b).
1620,a1670[see prize n.2 b]. a1656Bp. Hall Soliloquies lxxv. Wks. 1662 III. 461 If the question be concerning some scrupulous act to be done or omitted, now self-respect plays its prizes at all weapons. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 97 At any weapons, against any odds I will prove him a traitor. 1781C. Johnston Hist. J. Juniper II. 139 [He] said he was not a porter to fight with his fists; but would give him..satisfaction..at the weapons of a gentleman. 1831James Phil. Augustus vi, He was..expert at all weapons.
c. (To challenge, fight, beat, etc. an adversary) at (with) his own weapon or weapons, i.e. with such as he is expert in. Chiefly fig.
1610Marcellini Triumphs Jas. I 83 To deale and cope with the envious and perfidious malignity of these calumniators, even at their owne weapons. 1618Bolton Florus iii. i. (1636) 163 Metellus,..fayning flight when he meant nothing lesse, matcht him at his own weapons. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 145 That he should put a full stoccado vpon me, and go brag when he had done, that he had beaten a master of defence at his owne weapon. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 12 We insist so much upon this philosophy here,..because, without the perfect knowledge of it, we cannot deal with the atheists at their own weapon. 1760Foote Minor i. (1767) 11 You cockneys now beat us suburbians at our own weapons. 1781C. Johnston Hist. J. Juniper I. 51 This was truly foiling the Devil, at his own weapons. 1781Johnson Lives of Poets: Congreve 17 He is very angry, and, hoping to conquer Collier with his own weapons, allows himself in the use of every term of contumely and contempt. c1810Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1838) III. 239 Their undue predilection for Patristic learning and authority..originated in the wish to baffle the Papists at their own weapons. 1850C. Kingsley Alton Locke II. xvi. 259 Try no more to meet Mammon with his own weapons, but commit your cause to Him who judges righteously. 1897B. Stoker Dracula xxii. 306 He has chosen this earth because it has been holy. Thus we defeat him with his own weapon, for we make it more holy still.
3. The penis. coarse slang.
a1000Ags. Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 265/33 Calamus, teors, þæt wæpen, uel lim. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ix. 180 Whiles þow art ȝonge and þi wepne kene, Wreke þe with wyuynge. 1762T. Bridges Homer Travestie iv. 189 She guides his weapon where she lists: Nay more, a touch of her soft hand, If fallen down, will make him stand. 1922Joyce Ulysses 529 Well for you, you muff, if you had that weapon with knobs and lumps and warts all over it. 1972H. & R. Greenwald Sex-Life Lett. (1974) 279 This sexual thrill still comes over me whenever I see a horse flashing his weapon, and although I feel guilty and try to look away, I usually look as long as decently possible.
4. attrib. and Comb.: simple attrib., as weapon-clang, weapon-crash, weapon-hoard, weapon-pit, weapon-point, weapon-power, weapon-stroke; weapon-like, weapon-proof adjs.; objective, as weapon-delivery (also attrib.), weapon-maker, weapon-whetter; weapon-making vbl. n.; also † weapon-bearer = armour-bearer; † weapon-love, love as a weapon-salve; † weapon-man, one skilled in the use of weapons; weapon(s)-carrier, a vehicle or aircraft specially designed for carrying weapons; weapons-grade a., applied to fissile material of suitable quality for making nuclear weapons; weapon-smith Hist., a forger or maker of weapons; weapon(s) system orig. U.S., a military weapon together with all the equipment required to make use of it, such as detection and control apparatus, a launcher, and a delivery vehicle; weapon-tool, a tool which could also be used as a weapon; weapon-training vbl. n., training in the use of weapons. Also weapon-salve.
1535Coverdale 1 Sam. xiv. 1 Ionathas sayde vnto his lad which was his *wapen-bearer: Come, let vs go ouer to the Philistynes watch. 1547― Confut. Standish To Rdr., So am I ready to do the same agaynst..greate Goliath of Rome and his weapen-bearer.
193819th Cent. Feb. 195 The possibilities of the new *weapon-carrier in the air. 1947Horizon Sept. 207 A weapons-carrier flew by loaded with G.I.s.
1810Scott Lady of L. iii. xviii, Then *weapon-clang, and martial call, Resounded through the funeral hall.
1813― Rokeby v. xxxi, And *weapon-crash and maddening cry, Of those who kill, and those who die!
1963Daily Tel. 10 Oct. 15/8 TSR 2, the RAF's tactical and strategical bomber,..has the most secret and sophisticated all-weather *weapons delivery system in the world. 1977R.A.F. News 22 June–5 July 2/5 Live ammunition, bombs and missiles were, in general, carried only by aircraft flying sorties which would culminate in weapon delivery at one of the recognised ranges.
1961Ann. Reg. 1960 152 Both countries..should each set aside 30,000 kilograms of *weapons-grade uranium 235, as a first step in their transfer to peaceful uses. 1977N. Freeling Gadget i. 11 It won't make a bomb... It's nowhere near weapons grade.
1955J. R. R. Tolkien Return of King 50 There are no great *weapon-hoards here, lord.
1922D. H. Lawrence England, my England (1924) 36 Not what we would call love, but a *weapon-like kinship.
a1711Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 168 Thou when the Sword went through her tender Heart, With *Weapon-love didst then anoint the Blade.
1915M. Johnston Fortunes of Garin xv. 239 Armourers and *weapon-makers.
1936Auden Look, Stranger! 67 Built by the conscience-stricken, the *weapon-making, By us.
1635J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. ii. 90 Practising my selfe in..imitating whatsoever I had seene done by any judicious *weapon-man.
a1944K. Douglas Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) 29 Looking down.. at a *weapon-pit beside us, I saw a Libyan soldier reclining there. 1958M. K. Joseph I'll soldier no More ix. 161 The neat row of weapon-pits so convenient for sleeping.
1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxi, Each *weapon-point is downward sent, Each warrior to the ground is bent.
1937L. Hart Europe in Arms xvii. 238 At night..an increase of man⁓power in proportion to *weapon-power is desirable.
1870Bryant Iliad xxi. 699, I cannot think That he is *weapon-proof.
1849Kemble Saxons in Eng. ii. vii. II. 306 The heroical *weapon-smith on the one hand, and on the other the poor professors of such rude arts as the homestead cannot do without. 1908Expositor Sept. 265 The settled weapon-smiths of ancient Egypt..were quite a different class from the nomad clans of tinsmiths and coppersmiths.
1870Bryant Iliad xi. 471 Lightly falls the *weapon-stroke Of an unwarlike weakling.
1956W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 564/2 *Weapon system. Also weapons system. 1958Engineering 11 Apr. 450/1 The ‘weapon system concept’—that is, a unified integration of airframe, weapon-firing control, and enemy identification. 1977M. Edelman Polit. Lang. viii. 147 Americans and Russians are constantly told that the other is ahead in this or that weapons system. 1980R. L. Duncan Brimstone x. 244 There were always 10,000 diverse elements which were required to come together at precisely the right instant, the total testing of a weapons system and a defense against that system.
1861W. R. Wilde Catal. Antiq. Anim. Materials R. Ir. Acad. 360 Weapons and *Weapon Tools.
1945E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited 9 Had I put in the names of two corporals for the *weapon-training course? 1979R. Perry Bishop's Pawn vi. 106 Their weapon training had been sadly neglected... In killing Moss, they'd used sufficient ammunition to decimate a small army.
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 519/2 Samiarii,..*weapon whetters.
▸ weapon of mass destruction n. a weapon intended to cause widespread devastation and loss of life, (now) esp. a chemical, biological, or nuclear weapon; usu. in pl.
1937Times 28 Dec. 9/3 Who can think without horror of what another widespread war would mean, waged as it would be with all the new *weapons of mass destruction? 1945N.Y. Times 16 Nov. 16/1 The agreement goes as far as is possible in the present state of the world to avert the further use of atomic bombs and similar weapons of mass destruction. 1961Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 55 20/1 This revision should aim not only at banning nuclear weapons but also other weapons of mass destruction of the so-called ABC family (atomic, bacteriological and chemical). 2003Morning Star (Nexis) 25 Mar. 9 He asks if the international community could prevent the unthinkable–the use of a weapon of mass destruction by a terrorist organisation.
▪ II. weapon, v. Now rare exc. in pa. pple.:|ˈwɛp(ə)n|
see weaponed. Forms: α. 1 wǽpnian, wǽmnian, 3 wepne-n, wepnie-n, wepni, 5 weppen, wepen, 6 wepon, 6– weapon; β. E. Angl. 3 wop(e)nen; north. 4 wapne.
[OE. wǽpnian, f. wǽpen weapon n.; cf. OHG. wâffanen, -ôn (MHG. wafenen, wæfenen, mod.G. waffnen), also MHG. wapenen (mod.G. wappnen, to clothe in armour), ON. vápna.]
trans. To furnish with weapons or a weapon; to arm.
c1000ælfric Gram. xix. (Z.) 122 Armor ic eom ᵹewæpnod, armo te ic wæpniᵹe ðe. c1205Lay. 8644 He seide forð rihtes: wepneð eow cnihtes. Ibid. 8655 He wepnede his cnihtes and ȝarewede heom to fehten. c1425Eng. Conq. Ireland v. 16 Ne shamefully ne didde hym to flight, bot euer mor he was I-lich redy to weppen and to defend hym⁓self. 1535Coverdale 1 Macc. xiv. 32 Then Symon withstode them, and..weapened the valeaunt men of his people. 1591Sir J. Smith Instruct. (1595) 217 All sortes of souldiours may presentlie..arme and weapon themselues in warrelike manner.
b. fig.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 72 He mid rodetacne his muð and ealne his lichaman ᵹewæpnode. a1225Juliana 43 Hwer se we eauer iseoð mon oðer wummon eani god biginnen; we wepnið us aȝein ham. 1593Nashe Christ's T. D 3, A great many more allegations hath hee to thys end, which heere to recite were to weapon presumption.
Hence ˈweaponing vbl. n.
1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 3 b, And as they doo mistake the conuenient arming of horsemen and footmen, so they also mistake the weaponing of them. |