| 释义 |
▪ I. trope, n.|trəʊp|
Also 6 troope, 7 trop.
[ad. L. tropus a figure of speech, ad. Gr. τρόπος a turn, f. τρέπειν to turn; cf. F. trope (1554 in Godef. Compl.). Sometimes app. repr. Gr. τροπή (cf. 3).]
1. Rhet. A figure of speech which consists in the use of a word or phrase in a sense other than that which is proper to it; also, in casual use, a figure of speech; figurative language.
1533Tindale Supper of Lord C v, If ye be so sworne to the litteral sense in this matter, that ye will not in these wordes of Christe, Thys is my bodye, &c., admitte in so playne a speache anye troope. 1573Tusser Husb. xxviii. (1878) 68 Christmas is onely a figure or trope. a1638Mede Wks. (1672) 349 That usual Trope of Scripture, by a part, or that which is more notable or obvious in any kind or rank of things, to imply the rest. 1693Dryden Juvenal (1697) p. liii, Where the Trope is far fetch'd, and hard, 'tis fit for nothing but to puzzle the Understanding. 1779Sheridan Critic i. i, Your occasional tropes and flowers suit the general coarseness of your stile, as tambour sprigs would a ground of linsey⁓wolsey. 1783Blair Lect. Rhetoric xiv. I. 275 Tropes..consist in a word's being employed to signify something that is different from its original and primitive meaning; so that if you alter the word, you destroy the Figure. 1837Macaulay Ess., Bacon (1887) 428 Irony is one of the four primary tropes. 1876Gladstone Homeric Synchr. 262 To treat as a poetical trope this idea of kings as god-born or god-reared. 1888Bryce Amer. C. III. cxi. 597 [American] rhetoric is Rhodian rather than Attic, overloaded with tropes and figures.
attrib.1799H. More Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. x. 221 By this negligence in the just application of words, we shall be..much misled by these trope and figure ladies.
†2. In Gregorian Music, A short distinctive cadence at the close of a melody. Obs.
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1358 To let passe therefore the five positures of the Tetrachords, as also the first five tones, tropes, changes, notes or harmonies. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. v. §3 Is not the trope of music, to avoid or slide from the close or cadence, common with the trope of rhetoric of deceiving expectation? 1626― Sylva §113.
†3. [= Gr. τροπή.] The ‘turning’ of the sun at the tropic; also = tropic A. 2. Obs. rare.
1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 258 The Sun has..its annual Tropes and Vicissitudes, what they call Solstices, whereby it is nearer to or remoter from us. 1735H. Brooke Univ. Beauty iv. 169 Now 'thwart the trope, or zone antartic steer.
†4. Logic. = mood n.2 1. Obs. rare.
1656Stanley Hist. Philos. viii. (1701) 315/1 Of Moods or Tropes there are two kinds, one of Indemonstrables,..the other of Demonstrables.
5. In the Western Church, A phrase, sentence, or verse introduced as an embellishment into some part of the text of the mass or of the breviary office that is sung by the choir.
(Tropes were discontinued at the revision of the missal under Pope Pius V in the 16th cent.)
1846W. Maskell Mon. Rit. I. p. xxxvii, The Tropes..were..sung either before or after the Introit and Hymns in the service of the Mass. 1853Rock Ch. of Fathers IV. xi. 21 A..practice..had..grown up..in the north and western quarters of Christendom..of weaving certain pious sentences, called by the Romans ‘festive praises’, by the Franks ‘tropes’, between the words of the psalm in the introit at mass. 1894W. H. Frere Winchester Troper p. ix, ‘Trope’..is the regular word to describe additions to the Introit, Offertory and Communion, and is also more rarely found in connection with the Ite missa est or Benedicamus at the close of Mass.
6. In the Moravian Church, One of the three divisions forming the ‘Unity of the Brethren’.
[1780B. La Trobe tr. Cranz's Hist. Brethren 355 In..1749..the administration of the Reformed tropus in the Unity of the Brethren was tendered to, and accepted by, the Bishop of Sodor and Man, Thomas Wilson.] 1809Bogue & Bennet Hist. Dissenters (1833) II. i. 64 The three different classes of persons who compose the Unity, bear among the brethren the name of tropes or tropuses.
7. In Greek Philosophy: see quots.
1866Ferrier Grk. Philos. I. xv. 467 Of these tropes or Sceptical arguments Sextus enumerates ten. 1910R. D. Hicks Stoic & Epicurean 376 ænesidemus undertook to arrange the whole material at the disposal of the Sceptic in his contention against the dogmatic position under ten heads or tropes. The word trope properly denotes procedure; the ten tropes were intended to contain the means of refuting dogmatism in all possible forms, and to provide directions for stating every line of available argument which could lead to negative conclusions and paralyse assent.
8. Geom. The reciprocal of a node on a curve or surface; in different cases, a multiple tangent or tangent plane, or a plane or developable surface touching the given surface in a particular way.
1869Cayley Math. Papers VI. 330 Using ‘trope’ as the reciprocal term to node. 1875[see tropal].
▸ A significant or recurrent theme; a motif.
1975Chicago Tribune 14 Dec. vii. 2/5 Barthelme is funning with the eternal trope of fatherhood. 1991D. Rieff Los Angeles ii. viii. 133 A more unvarnished version of the same trope was Ridley Scotts film Blade Runner. 1996Éire—Ireland Spring–Summer 191 The dichotomy between admissable and inadmissable history, between official memory and private experience that Casey sees as the dominant trope of Irish ethnicity in New York. 2006Observer (Nexis) 23 July 26 [He]..avoids the routine tropes of teen interest while allying youth's oldest theme—loss of innocence—with that most modern of concerns, date rape.
▪ II. trope, v.|trəʊp|
[f. trope n. 5.]
trans. To introduce (a trope) as an embellishment; to embellish with a trope or tropes; to add as a trope to. Hence troped ppl. a.
1894W. H. Frere Winchester Troper p. xv, The Winchester Tropers..originally contained only a long jubilum on permanebit, but later in MS. CC the words were added and the trope troped. 1922Madan & Craster Summary Catal. Western Manuscripts Bodleian Library II. i. 149 These flyleaves I understand from Mr. Bannister to come from a non-monastic breviary, and, as he does not find a troped office for St. K. in English breviaries, I should have supposed them French. 1959Listener 24 Dec. 1134/3 The final word ‘portum’, set to a long melisma, is troped ‘portum in ultimo, da nobis iudicio’. 1977Gramophone Sept. 469/3 The choir missed a golden opportunity by not singing O come, O come, Emmanuel in its original fifteenth-century French Franciscan version, as a two-part troped litany. |