| 释义 |
gain-, prefix
in OE. ᵹęᵹn-, ᵹéan- (see gain a.), was formerly employed to form various combinations, chiefly verbal, in the same way as again-, which was in more frequent use. Its senses are chiefly those of opposition, return, or reversal, answering to Lat. re-. These combs. are now obsolete, with the exception of gainsay, and the technical term gainshire. Compare also the forms given under again- and its compounds.
1. Against, in opposition to; gain-race [= L. occursus], a running against, meeting; gain-saw, contradiction; gain-set v., to set over against, oppose; gainspeaker, a gainsayer, opponent; gain-speaking, opposition. Also gaincall n., -cope, -say, -stand, -strive, -turn.
a1340Hampole Psalter xviii. 7 His *gaynras til þe highest of him [L. occursus ejus usque ad summum ejus]. Ibid. lviii. 5 Rise in my gaynrase [L. exurge in occursum meum].
a1300Cursor M. 8382, I þat es þine hand-womman, For me *gain⁓sagh þar sal be nan. a1300E.E. Psalter lxxix. 7 [lxxx. 6] Thou set us in gaine-sagh [L. in contradictionem] til our neghburs.
1435Misyn Fire of Love 48 Sum for soth *gayn⁓settand, says: Actife lyfe is more fruytfull. 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits vi. 73 This humour aideth the vnderstanding with two qualities, and gainsetteth it selfe only with one.
1575(title) A brief Rehearsal of the Belief of the goodwilling in England, which are named the Family of Love: with the Confession of their upright Christian Religion, against the false accusations of their *Gain-speakers.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. clxxv. 1087 Also it was his wil to cause this last song to be receiued without *gain speaking.
2. Reciprocal action; in return; gainclap, a blow in return, a counter stroke. Also gain-giving, -yield.
a1225Leg. Kath. 129 Ha ȝeald ham swuche ȝain-clappes,..Þæt al ha cneowen ham crauant & ouercumen.
3. Restoration or return to previous state; back again; gain-buy v., to buy back, redeem; so gain-buyer, a redeemer, gain-buying, redemption; gain-cover, v., to recover, regain; gain-taking, taking back again; gain-turning, returning. Also gaincall v., -chare, -come.
1435Misyn Fire of Love i. viii. 16 Þat he mankynd fro þe fendes power myȝt *gaynby. c1440Promp. Parv. 189/2 Geynebyyn, or byyn a-ȝene, redimo.
1435Misyn Fire of Love i. ii. 5 No meruayl if þai plese noȝt our *gaynbyer.
Ibid. i xx. 44 Of cristis *gaynbyinge þa ar no partiners.
a1300Cursor M. 29203 Thoru scrift..sal we *gain couer þe grace til heuen.
1538Aberd. Reg. V. 16 (Jam.) Deforsing of the officiare in execucion of his office in the *gane taking of ane caldrown poundit be the said officiare.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1718 Of bodily ded es no *gayn-turnyng, For of erthly lyf it es endyng. 1435Misyn Fire of Love ii. vi. 80 Þat hys mynde bisily to crist with-out gayn-turnynge has nott.
4. Repetition; over again, anew; in the nonce-wds. gain-birth [= Gr. παλιγγενεσία], regeneration; gain-rising [= Gr. ἀνάστασις], resurrection.
c1550Cheke Matt. xix. 28 Je yt hav folowed me in y⊇ gain birth. Ibid. xxii. 23 Y⊇ Saddoucais..who sai yeer is no gainrising. |