| 释义 |
▪ I. † funk, n.1 Obs.
Also 4 fonk, 4–7 funke, 7 founck.
[Corresponds to MDu. vonke (Du. vonk), OHG. funcho (MHG. vunke, mod.Ger. funke) wk. masc., spark; the Eng. word may have been adapted from Du., or it may represent an OE. *funca. The existence of the ablaut-var. MHG. vanke, mod.Ger. dial. fanke, renders it unlikely that the word is a diminutive of the n. represented in Goth. by fôn (gen. funins) fire.]
1. A spark. (The sense in the quots. from R. Brunne is quite uncertain.)
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 172 Þat was not worth a fonk. Ibid. 211 Þe kyng an oth suore, He suld him venge on Steuen..& of þo fourtene monkes..Be beten alle fonkes. 1390Gower Conf. III. 18 Of lust that ilke firy funke Hath made hem as who saith half wode. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 335 For al the wrecchednesse of this worlde and wicked dedes Fareth as a fonk of fuyr that ful a-myde Temese. c1440Promp. Parv. 182/2 Funke or lytylle fyyr, igniculus, foculus.
2. Touch-wood. Cf. punk, spunk.
1673[see 3]. 1704E. Ward Dissenting Hypocrite 35 Burn it as Funk, or keep't as Fodder. 1721Bailey, Funk, a fungy Excrescence of some Trees dress'd to strike Fire on. 1754Gooch in Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 817 They gather an excrescence, growing..upon oaks, and call it Funk, which impregnated with nitre, is used as a match to light pipes. a1825in Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Funk, touch-wood.
3. Comb., as funk horn, ? a horn case containing touchwood.
1673Channon in Col. St. Papers, Amer. & W. Ind. (1889) 538 A flint and ‘founck horn,’ which a man had put in his pocket the day before to strike fire in the night.
▪ II. funk, n.2
[f. funk v.1]
1. A strong smell or stink: also, tobacco smoke. Obs. exc. U.S. dial.
1623W. Capps in P. A. Bruce Econ. Hist. Virginia (1896) I. 136 Betwixt decks there can hardlie a man fetch his breath by reason there ariseth such a funke in the night that it causes putrefaction of bloud. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Funk, Tobacco Smoak; also a strong Smell or Stink. 1725New Cant. Dict. s.v., What a Funk here is! What a thick Smoak of Tobacco is here! Here's a damn'd Funk, here's a great Stink. 1917Dialect Notes IV. 412 Open up the door and let the funk out. 1937–40in Wentworth Amer. Dial. Dict. (1944) 237/2.
fig.1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 491 note, I would either run out of the stinke of swearing, or make them to run out of the ship that should..make such a filthy funke in it.
2. Music that is ‘funky’ (see quots. and funky a.3 2). slang (orig. U.S.).
1959Jazz Fall 292 You can even try to put too much ‘funk’ in a thing. 1960Melody Maker 31 Dec., The American jazz public is ‘funk-’crazy. 1961Sunday Times 5 Feb. 36/5 The contemporary jazz cult of ‘blues roots’—otherwise described as ‘soul’ or ‘funk’. 1962Radio Times 10 May 42/2 Funk, basically, ‘smelly’—signifies return of modern jazzmen to earthy roughage of blues and New Orleans, but rephrased with modern techniques; similar to soul, only more extrovert. 1970C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 56 Funk, ‘soul’ quality in black music, melancholy mood of the blues.
▪ III. funk, n.3 slang.|fʌŋk|
[First mentioned as Oxford slang; possibly, as Lye suggests, a. Flemish fonck (Kilian), the origin of which is unknown.]
1. Cowering fear; a state of panic or shrinking terror. blue funk: see blue a. 3.
1743Lye in Junius' Etymologicum s.v., Funk vox Academicis Oxon. familiaris . to be in a funk . vett. Flandris fonck est Turba, perturbatio . in de fonck siin, Turbari, tumultuari, in perturbatione versari. 1765E. Sedgwick in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. 1. 390 Poor Todd..is said to be in a violent funk. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue s.v., I was in a cursed funk. 1827De Quincey in Blackw. Mag. XXI. 204 The horrid panic or ‘funk’ (as the men of Eton call it) in which Des Cartes must have found himself. 1839Sir C. Napier 9 Apr. in W. N. Bruce Life iv. (1885) 127 Funk is the order of the day. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xliv, There is no sign of anything like funk amongst our fellows. 1874M. Collins Transmigr. II. xi. 183 With all my heroism, I was in a frightful funk.
2. One who funks; a coward.
1860in Bartlett Dict. Amer., Funk..2 a coward. 1888Daily Tel. 13 Apr. 5/2 The public opinion among youth would..dub a ‘fellow’ a ‘funk’.
▪ IV. funk, n.4 Sc. and north.|fʌŋk|
[f. funk v.3]
1. A kick.
1808–80in Jamieson. 1838J. Halley in Life (1842) 145 He placed his hand..unluckily just on the spot where Mr. Pony is rather touchy. Sundry vehement funks..were the immediate consequence.
2. Ill-humour, passion.
1808–80Jamieson s.v., In a funk, in a surly state, or in a fit of passion. Loth. 1892Northumbld. Gloss. s.v., ‘The gaffer's in a fine funk’.
▪ V. funk, v.1 slang.|fʌŋk|
[perh. a. F. dial. funkier = OF. funkier, fungier:—L. *fūmicare (It. fumicare), fūmigāre, f. fūmus smoke. (funk n.2, though app. f. this vb., is recorded earlier.)]
1. trans. To blow smoke upon (a person); to annoy with smoke.
1699W. King Furmetry iii. 56 What with strong smoke, and with his stronger breath, He funks Basketia and her son to death. 1719D'Urfey Pills VI. 303 He..with a sober Dose Of Coffee funks his Nose. 1753Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 119/1 He proposed that we should retire into a corner, and funk one another with brimstone. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue s.v., To funk the cobbler, a school boy's trick, performed with assa fœtida and cotton, which are stuffed into a pipe..and..the smoke is blown..through the crannies of a cobler's stall. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. xxv, Do look how the old gentleman is funking Mary, and casting sheep's eyes at her through the smoke. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg., Spectre Tappington, An arrangement happily adapted for the escape of the noxious fumes up the chimney, without that unmerciful ‘funking’ each other, which a less scientific disposition of the weed would have induced.
b. To smoke (a pipe, tobacco). † Also, to blow (tobacco smoke) on (a person).
a1704T. Brown Inscript. Tobacco-box Wks. 1730 I. 65 Since Jove..Gives us the Indian weed to funk. 1733Revolution Politicks ii. 67 When the King was upon his Trial, did not the Soldiers funk Tobacco in on the King as he sat, to offend him. 1764T. Bridges Homer Travest. (1797) II. 54 Where a round dozen pipes they funk, And then return to town dead drunk. 1791Huddesford Salmag. 114 A pipe I did funk.
c. intr. To smoke.
1829H. Murray N. Amer. I. iv. 211 The grain having funked for six and twenty weeks in the ship's hold. 1832W. Stephenson Gateshead Local Poems 29 At Jenny Brown's she'd smoke and funk. 1855Browning Fra Lippo 174 My straw-fire flared and funked. 1860Bartlett Dict. Amer. s.v., When the smoke puffs out from a chimney place or stove, we say ‘it funks’.
2. To cause an offensive smell.
1708Motteux Rabelais iv. xxxii. 92 1829 Brockett N.C. Words, Funk, to smoke or rather to cause an offensive smell.
Hence ˈfunking ppl. a.
1700S. Parker Six Philos. Ess. 54 Many a funking Poor may have had his Pipe lighted by a Flash.
▪ VI. funk, v.2 slang.|fʌŋk|
[Belongs to funk n.3]
1. intr. To flinch or shrink through fear; to ‘show the white feather’, try to back out of anything. Also const. at.
1737–9H. Walpole Lett. (1886) I. 15 The last time I saw him here [Eton], was standing up funking over against a conduit to be catechised. 1813Ld. Campbell Let. Apr. in Life (1881) I. 295, I funk before Ellenborough as much as ever. I almost despair of ever acquiring a sufficient degree of confidence before him to put me in possession of my faculties. 1841Punch 13 Nov. 213/2 Funking at the rejection of a clever man,..determining to take prussic acid in the event of being refused.., the student finds his first ordeal approach. 1847Illustr. Lond. News 27 Nov. 360/2 It occurred to me that the change of temperature would be disagreeable, and I rather funked. 1848Lowell Biglow P. Ser. i. ix. Poems 1890 II. 137 To Funk right out o' p'lit'cal strife aint thought to be the thing. 1857T. Hood Pen & Pencil Pict. 144, I have seen him out with the governor's hounds: he funked at the first hedge. 1859Punch 23 July 34/2 Louis Napoleon, who had gone to war on a pledge that the Austrians should be driven out of Italy, had ‘funked’ at the Quadrilateral. 1863Reade Hard Cash xxv, I began to funk again at his knowing that;..I was flustered, ye see. 1885J. Runciman Skippers & Sh. 79, I hope you will not think I am funking.
2. trans. To fight shy of, wish or try to shirk or evade (an undertaking, duty, etc.). Also, to funk it.
1857Kingsley Two Y. Ago III. 103 He'll have funked it, when he comes to the edge, and sees nothing but mist below. 1881H. James Portr. Lady xlv, Not that he liked good-byes—he always funked them.
3. To fear, be afraid of (a person).
1836–48B. D. Walsh Aristoph., Knights 154 The rich men fear him, And he is funked by all the poorer class. 1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Leg. 385, ‘I rather funk the governor’ replied, in turn, Mr. Spooner.
4. To frighten or scare.
1819Sporting Mag. IV. 197 The Frenchman, funked at the superiority of his antagonist. 1831Scott Jrnl. 20 May, Jeffrey is fairly funked about it. 1892Sat. Rev. 30 Apr. 496/2 The jury, ‘funked’ by the Anarchists, returned extenuating circumstances in the miscreant's case.
5. Comb., as funkstick (Hunting), one who ‘funks’ the ‘sticks’ or fences; transf., a coward.
1889Univ. Rev. III. 76 The ‘funksticks’ immediately slacken rein. 1897R. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign xvii. 438 A nervous man is forty thousand times worse than a frightened woman, especially when..he has any number of drink-fuddled ‘funk-sticks’ ready to echo his alarm. 1916National Rev. No. 382. 527 The rising predicted by Bernhardi and feared by all funksticks. 1930A. E. W. Mason Dean's Elbow vi. 68 She thought of William Mardyke and his timidities. ‘He'll never do that. What did you call him?’ ‘A funkstick.’
Hence ˈfunking vbl. n. Also ˈfunker.
a1845Hood Jack Hall xi, Funking, indeed. was quite a thing Beside his function. 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. viii, While he [Flashman] was thrashing them, they would roar out instances of his funking at football. 1864C. Clarke Box for Season II. 115 Martyr and Dickenson are both funkers. 1875G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. iv. (1879) 64 Of all riders ‘the hard funker’ is the most unmerciful to his beast.
▪ VII. funk, v.3 Sc. and north.|fʌŋk|
[app. onomatopœic; a variant fung is common (see Jamieson).]
trans. and intr. To kick.
c1709Auld Grey Mare i. in Jacobite Songs (1887) 56 You've curried the auld mare's hide, She'll funk nae mair at you. Ibid. v, The good auld yaud Could nowther funk nor fling. 1821Blackw. Mag. Nov. X. 393 The horse funkit him aff into the dub. 1823J. Wilson Trials Marg. Lyndsay xxxv. 294 The beast's funking like mad. 1834M. Scott Cruise Midge (1859) 375 The quadruped funking up her heels and tossing the dry sand with her horns. 1892Northumbld. Gloss., Funk, to kick, to kick up the heels as a horse or donkey does. ‘To funk off’ is to throw the rider.
Hence ˈfunking vbl. n. Also ˈfunker.
1823Blackw. Mag. Mar. XIII. 313 It's hard to gar a wicked cout leave off funking. 1825–80Jamieson s.v., Dinna buy that beast, she's a funker. 1852R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 219 The move of the hounds caused a rush of gentlemen to their horses, and there was the usual scramblings up, and fidgetings, and funkings. |