| 释义 |
fulsome, a.
(ˈfʊlsəm, older ˈfʌlsəm)
Forms: 3–5 fulsum, 4–8 fulsom, 5 fulsome; also 5 folsome, 6 fulsoom, 7 fullsome, (9 foulsome), 6 Sc. fowsum, 7, 9 Sc. fousome.
[f. full a. + -some.
It is possible that there may have been a ME. fūlsum (f. fūl, foul a.) which has coalesced with this; but the supposition is not absolutely necessary to account for the development of senses.]
†1. Characterized by abundance, possessing or affording copious supply; abundant, plentiful, full.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2153 Ðe .vii. fulsum ȝeres faren. a1412Lydg. Lyfe our Ladye (Caxton) A v, For alwey God gaf hyr to her presence So fulsom lyght of heuenly influence. Ibid. B v b, Like as a fulsum welle Shedyth his stremys in to the ryuere. c1440― Secrees 723 At Ellyconys welle This philisoffre by fulsom habundance Drank grettest plente. 1481Earl of Worcester Tulle on Friendsh. B vii b, Though he..were sette in moost folsom plente. c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) C iij b, Folowe fulsome fieldes habundaunt of frument. 1515― Egloges iv. (1570) C iij a, Suche fulsome pasture made him a double chin. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. lxxiii. 26 Much more fulsome is Davids confession [orig. Longè plenior est Dauidis confessio]. 1583― Calvin on Deut. xcii. 571 Likewise of their first fruites instede of making good fulsome sheaues and bundels vnto God, they gelded them, and made them verie thinne and lanke. [1868Helps Realmah II. xi. 80 My complaint of the world..is this—that there is too much of everything..and so I could go on enumerating..all the things which are too full in this fulsome world. I use fulsome in the original sense.]
†b. Growing abundantly, rank in growth. Obs.
1633Costlie Whore iv. i. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, Plucke up the fulsome thistle in the prime.
†2. Of the body, etc.: Full and plump, fat, well-grown; in a bad sense, over-grown. Obs.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 497 Wiþ þe siht clene We ben as fulsom i-founde as þouȝ we fed were. c1400Destr. Troy 3068 With a necke..Nawþer fulsom, ne fat, but fetis & round. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. vii. (1567) 85 a, His leane, pale, hore, and withered corse grew fulsome, faire, and fresh. 1593Rich Greene's Newes G iij b, A chuffe-headed Cardinall with a paire of fulsome cheekes. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. vi. 637 For either arme in such a mould is cast As makes it full as fulsome as their waste. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 238 A fulsome and over-grown and unwholesome Flesh. 1678Otway Friendship in F. ii. i, 'Tis such a fulsom overgrown Rogue!
†b. Overfed, surfeited. Also fig. Obs.
1642Rogers Naaman 24 Lazy, Laodicean temper of a fulsome, carelesse, surfeted spirit. Ibid. 346 Doth he not deserve at our hands more then a faint fulsome grant with Martha, thou canst doe all things. 1805A. Scott Poems 40 (Jam.) Nor fall their [? read they] victims to a fulsome rift.
†c. App. used for: Lustful, ‘rank’. Obs.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 87 The fulsome Ewes. [Cf. rancke in line 81.]
†3. Of food: Satiating, ‘filling’, tending to cloy or surfeit; also, coarse, gross, unsuited to a dainty palate. Obs.
c1410Love Bonavent. Mirr. lxiii, It shulde so soone be fulsome and not comfortable deynte. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. vi. 94 This kinde of meate onely, serueth them all their life tyme..and neuer waxeth fulsome vnto theim. 1577Harrison England ii. vi. (1877) i. 160 Our ale..is more thicke, fulsome and of no continuance. 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xii (1596) 198 Though the same were a meat of such delicacie and pleasing rellish, yet in the end, the people of Israell found it fulsome. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 488 A little honie is sweet; much, fulsome. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 229 A gross and fulsome Nourishment, unless they meet with a strong and good Stomach. a1668Davenant News fr. Plym. (1673) 3 Their gross feedings On fulsome Butter, Essex Cheese. 1735Pope Donne Sat. ii. 118 Carthusian fasts, and fulsome Bacchanals. 1742Young Nt. Th. vii. 263 Why starv'd, on earth, our angel-appetites; While brutal are indulg'd their fulsome fill? 1770Wilkes Let. 29 July in Corr. (1805) IV. 76, I dined with the lord-mayor..We had two turtles, and a fulsome great dinner.
†b. Having a sickly or sickening taste; tending to cause nausea. Obs.
1601Holland Pliny I. 434 The oile..is very fulsome and naught to be eaten. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 248 The very sight of that cup, wherein such a fulsome potion was brought him, turnes his stomacke. 1694Westmacott Script. Herb. 6 The common Anise-Seed-Water..is the most fulsom and insalubrious of Strong-waters. 1743Lond. & Country Brew. ii. (ed. 2) 107 A certain sour, fulsome Quality that the former Wort left behind.
†c. fig. Cloying, satiating, wearisome from excess or repetition. (Cf. sense 7.) Obs.
1531Elyot Gov. i. xxi, Lest in repetyng a thinge so frequent and commune, my boke shulde be..fastidious or fulsome to the reders. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. v. i. 112 If it be ought to the old tune, my Lord, It is as fat and fulsome to mine eare As howling after Musicke. 1605Camden Rem. (1637) 43 The Spanish majesticall, but fulsome, running too much on the O. 1633Rogers Treat. Sacram. i. 163 Who then wonders if the Supper of Christ..be as a fulsome thing unto you? 1694Addison Eng. Greatest Poets Misc. Wks. 1726 I. 36 The long-spun allegories fulsom grow, While the dull moral lyes too plain below. 1709Steele Tatler No. 70 ⁋4 As too little Action is cold, so too much is fulsome.
†4. Offensive to the sense of smell:
a. Strong-smelling, of strong, rank, or overpowering odour.
b. Foul-smelling, stinking. Obs.
1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 66 Eech path was fulsoom with sent of sulphurus orpyn. 1606Sir G. Goosecappe i. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. III. 14 Heres such a fulsome Aire comes into this Chamber. 1626Bacon Sylva §507 They are commonly of rank and fulsome smell; as May-Flowers and White Lillies. 1683Tryon Way to Health 119 That is the reason why fryed, baked and stewed Food does send forth a stronger and fulsomer scent than other Preparations. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Malt, The Kiln ought to have convenient Windows, that your gross Steams, fulsom Damps, and stupifying Vapours may pass freely away.
†5. Offensive to the senses generally; physically disgusting, foul, or loathsome. Obs.
1507Communyc. (W. de W.) A ij, Man is but fulsome erthe and claye. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 130 Whereby they noted the great dislyking they had of their fulsome feedinge. 1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 32, I will..stop this gap of breath with fulsome dust. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. i. ii. (1651) 53 She vomited some 24 pounds of fulsome stuffe of all colours. Ibid. ii. ii. i. i. 232 Calis..would use no Vulgar water; but she died..of so fulsome a disease that no water could wash her clean. 1627Drayton Agincourt etc. 199 A thousand silken Puppets should haue died, And in their fulsome Coffins putrified, Ere [etc.]. 1642Davenant Unfort. Lovers iv, Who once departed, know this fulsome world So much unfit to mingle with their pure Refined ayre, that they will returne. 1720T. Boston Hum. Nat. in Fourfold St. (1797) 152 They cleave fondly to these fulsome breasts. [1849Tait's Mag. XVI. 120/2 Hundreds of dogs..are annually committed to the abysses of these foulsome waters.]
6. Offensive to normal tastes or sensibilities; exciting aversion or repugnance; disgusting, repulsive, odious. ? Obs. exc. as in sense 7.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Julian 496 Of his wykytnes Þat fulsume til al gud-men wes. a1400Morte Arth. 1061 There thow lygges, ffor the fulsomeste freke that fourmede was euere! 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 713/2 Tindall..with hys fulsome feeling fayth. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 464/2 It is a foule and fulsome thing, whiche shee must leaue off. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Robin, A filthie knaue with a fulsome queane. 1635Quarles Embl. iii. ii. (1718) 133 Seest thou this fulsom ideot? c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 188 A phlegmatic dull wife is fulsome and fastidious. 1680Otway Orphan i. i. (1691) 3 Now half the Youth of Europe are in Arms, How fulsome must it be to stay behind, And dye of rank diseases here at home? 1684Sir C. Scrope Misc. Poems 112 Let not his fulsome armes embrace your waste. 1702Pope Wife of Bath 173 Fulsom love for gain we can endure. 1780Cowper Progr. Err. 291 And lest the fulsome artifice should fail, Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 29 Have at a fousome kirk, and batter Her lustfu' banes untill they clatter! 1826Scott Woodst. iii, In a booth at the fulsome fair.
†b. Morally foul, filthy, obscene. Obs.
1604Shakes. Oth. iv. i. 37 Lye with her: that's fullsome. 1630Dryden Pref. to Ovid's Epist. (1683) A iij b, A certain Epigram, which is ascrib'd to him [the emperour]..is more fulsome than any passage I have met with in our Poet. 1682Shadwell Medal 3 Thy Mirth by foolish Bawdry is exprest; And so debauch'd, so fulsome, and so odd. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) I. 327 And earn a hated living in an odious Fulsome way. 1726Amherst Terræ Fil. xxvi. 144 What followed was too fulsome for the eyes of my chaste readers.
7. Of language, style, behaviour, etc.: Offensive to good taste; esp. offending from excess or want of measure or from being ‘over-done’. Now chiefly used in reference to gross or excessive flattery, over-demonstrative affection, or the like.
1663Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. 201, I never heard anything so fulsome from the mouth of man; and found my self..impatient of such silly stuff. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. vi. 189 They were puffed up with the fulsome Flatteries of their Philosophers and Sophists. 1702Rowe Tamerl. iii. i. 1081 Bear back thy fulsom Greeting to thy Master. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xviii, Concealed disgust under the appearance of fulsome endearment. 1782J. Warton Ess. Pope II. xii. 338 This fawning and fulsome court-historian. 1784Cowper Task vi. 289 The fulsome cant And pedantry that coxcombs learn with ease. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. 226 The fulsome strains of courtly adulation. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets vi. 169 Pindar was never fulsome in his panegyric. 1874Helps Soc. Press. xiii. 778 This fulsome publicity I have described.
b. quasi-n.
1742H. Walpole Lett. H. Mann (1834) I. xxiv. 104 Some choice letters from Queen Anne, little inferior in the fulsome to those from King James to..Buckingham. |