| 释义 |
trimmer|ˈtrɪmə(r)|
[f. trim v. + -er1.]
†1. app. A canopy. Obs. rare.
1518–19Rec. St. Mary at Hill 303 As towchyng the tabernacles, trymmers, is that a wourkman shall se them & he to shew his best advice in it. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 73 Vnder y⊇ trimmer, anticke images of gold. 1559Dunmow Churchw. Acc. lf. 42 b (MS.), For making ii yrons and iiii staples for the trymmer over the rood, iid.
2. One who trims; one who repairs, adjusts, makes neat or smart, etc.; spec.
a. a tailor's, dressmaker's, or milliner's assistant;
b. a finisher in coach-making;
c. see quots. 1881, 1891. Often as second element, as in hat-trimmer, etc.
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. viii. 167 The yndians are..greate deckers and trimmers of them selues. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Racoustreur, a minder or trimmer of things. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Afeytador, a barber, a trimmer, a decker, tonsor, fucator, ornator. 1621T. Williamson tr. Goulart's Wise Vieillard 115 That man a trimmer of a garden of pleasure. 1652N. Culverwel Treat. i. xi. (1661) 88 He calls God..the Painter, and Trimmer of the Soul. 1850Kingsley Cheap Clothes 17 If to the trimmer we return an answer that is considered ‘saucy’, we are fined 6d. or 1s. 1879Melbourne Argus 24 Dec. 2/1 Trimmers [coachmaking] get from {pstlg}2 10s. to {pstlg}3 10s. per week. 1881Guide Worcester Porcelain Wks. 8 The trimmer..removes any superfluous glaze. 1891Labour Commission Gloss., Trimmers, skilled workmen engaged in shaping and pressing hosiery goods. 1902Sloane Stand. Electr. Dict. App. s.v. Trimming, The work of a lamp trimmer frequently includes cleaning the feed rod of the upper carbon with a cloth so as to ensure smooth action of the clutch.
3. One who or that which cuts, clips, prunes, etc.; spec. † a barber (obs.); also, an implement or machine for trimming edges in industrial processes.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 50 What say you of the barbers and trimmers of men? 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. lv, At the going out of the halls..were the perfumers and trimmers, through whose hands the gallants past. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) II. xl. 37 Peregrine mentioned this assassination to his own trimmer. 1810Sporting Mag. XXXV. 263 The defendant's witnesses..described as croppers, dockers, nickers and trimmers [of horses]. 1876Spurgeon Commenting 4 Calvin..was no trimmer and pruner of texts. 1883R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 99/2 Trimmers' paste requires to be smooth,..and possessed of great adhesive qualities. 1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 364 With..the straight-edge to guide the knife or trimmer, cut first one side and then..the three others.
4. Arch. A short beam framed across an opening (as a stair-well or hearth) to carry the ends of those joists which cannot be extended across the opening; also, a brick-trimmer (brick n.1 10). Also attrib.
1654in E. B. Jupp Carpenters' Co. (1887) 316, 2 foote 9 inches from the backe of the Chimney to the Trimmer peece or binding Joyst. 1737Salmon's Country Build. Estimator (ed. 2) 62 Remember to measure the Trimmers that support the Hearths taking the Length by the Girt of the Arching of them. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §234 Four-inch brick trimmer arches to be turned where required. 1897F. C. Moore How to build Home iii. 32 ‘Trimmer’-beams enter the wall on each side of the chimney. Ibid. viii. 113 All hearths shall be constructed with trimmer⁓arches extending 20 inches from the chimney-breast to a ‘skew back’. 1953Archit. Rev. CXIV. 364/1 With the exception of the assembly hall and gymnasia, which are on solid load-bearing walls, the structure is carried on reinforced raft foundations with ground trimmer beams at the edges.
5. One who trims between opposing parties in politics, etc.; hence, one who inclines to each of two opposite sides as interest dictates.
Applied orig. in this sense to Lord Halifax and those associated with him (1680–90), but by him accepted in the sense ‘one who keeps even the ship of state’; hence ‘one who changes sides to balance parties’ (J.).
1682Dryden Dk. Guise Epil. 33, 38 We Trimmers are for holding all things even.—Yes—just like him that hung 'twixt Hell and Heaven... You Trimmers shou'd, to poize it, hang on t'other. 1682Character of a Trimmer 2 A Trimmer, one neither Whigg nor Tory, is a Hater of Anti-christ, an Abominator of Enthusiasm. 1685Evelyn Mem. 7 May, Those whom (by way of hateful distinction) they call'd Whiggs and Trimmers. 1704Faction Displ. xiv, The Patriot's Soul disdains the Trimmer's Art. 1739Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 183 Nor is it possible for all the trimmers between God and the world to elude the consequence. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. v. i. (1849) 262 He who wavers in seeking to do what is right gets stigmatized as a trimmer. 1888T. Hardy Wessex Tales (1889) 201 One of the trimmers who went to church and chapel both.
6. One who or that which trims or trounces (see trim v. 10); a stiff competitor, fighter, etc.; a slasher; a stiff letter, article, bout, run, blow, throw of the ball, etc.; (chiefly Austral. and N.Z.) a good or impressive thing or person, a ‘smasher’. colloq.
1776Foote Bankrupt iii. Wks. 1799 II. 126 Pep. Don't you think the public would bear one skirmish more..? I have a trimmer here in my hand. Plast. To which I have as tart a retort. 1804Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1846) VI. 163, I shall write the Dey of Algiers a trimmer. 1816Scott Antiq. xi, I will shew you his last epistle, and the scroll of my answer—egad, it is a trimmer! 1827Sporting Mag. XXI. 141 Amongst the young hounds I noticed some trimmers. 1828Ibid. XXII. 117 We found in Man Wood, and killed him [the fox] after a trimmer of fifty minutes. 1878‘Ironbark’ Southerly Busters 11, I thought thee a regular ‘trimmer’, I thought thee a generous man. 1882Daily Tel. 17 May, Mr. H. was clean bowled by a trimmer from Barnes. 1943N. Marsh Colour Scheme v. 92 ‘Running well, isn't she [sc. a car]?’.. ‘She's a trimmer.’ 1955[see lair v.]. 1962[see sheila]. 1970Private Eye 13 Mar. 16 Jeez Valda Clissold, cripes she was a real little trimmer. 1970N.Z. Listener 12 Oct. 13/5 Dave, you're a trimmer. You'll go places. Take a top seat.
7. One whose business is to stow the cargo or coal in loading a ship, or to shift it from one place to another in the hold; also, a mechanical contrivance for doing this; also, one who arranges the coal in loading trucks.
1836Sir G. Head Home Tour 331 These men called trimmers, whose business it is to level the cargo as it comes tumbling below. 1890Sci. Amer. 7 June 360/1 The coal handling plant..may be resolved into three parts: The elevators..; the trimmers, which take the coal from the elevators and deposit it upon the heaps; and finally the reloaders. 1891Labour Commission Gloss., Trimmers, men on board ship whose duty is to go into the coal bunkers of a vessel and to place the coals within reach of the fireman... When a ship is loading grain in bulk, the trimmers move the grain from the point under the hatchway to the ends of the ship.
†8. pl. Ropes and yards for trimming the sails of a ship: see trim v. 15. Obs. rare—1.
1630tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iv. 32 Their Masts and Trimmers ouerthrowne, their Cables cut.
9. Angling.
a. (a) A float of cork, wood, etc., to which a line, with baited hook, is attached; used on lakes and ponds for taking pike; (b) a peg surmounted by a reel on which the line is wound, driven into the bank of a stream for the same purpose; a bank-runner.
1799–1815 [implied in trimmer-angling, -fishing: see b.]. 1840D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rur. Sport §3638 The bank trimmer is much in use on the lakes of England, the lochs of Scotland, [etc.]. 1845Lubbock Fauna Norfolk ii. 90 He launched his fleet of trimmers, pike finding a ready sale at his own door. 1854L. Lloyd Scandinav. Adv. I. 189 Trimmers, or night⁓lines, were also much used in my vicinity. 1873G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere iii. 18 The trimmers are baited with dead roach, and, luckily for the pike and the fair sportsman the eels get the largest share of the bait.
b. attrib. and Comb., as trimmer-angling, trimmer-bait, trimmer-cork, trimmer-fishing, trimmer-hook, trimmer-line.
1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 264 An approved Method of Trolling, and Trimmer-fishing. 1815T. F. Salter Angler's Guide (title-p.), Trolling, Bottom and Float-Fishing, Fly-Fishing, and Trimmer-Angling. 1840D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rur. Sport §3638 A large hooked arrow armed with strong twine might be shot over the trimmer line... The cord [should be wound] on round the groove in the flat trimmer cork. Ibid. §3639 Let the trimmer-hook be sufficiently large. 1863Atkinson Stanton Grange (1864) 194 The trimmer-bait had been taken by a nice half-pound trout. 1867F. Francis Angling iv. (1880) 133 note, It is trimmer-fishing in disguise.
10. Electronics. A small adjustable capacitor usu. used for the fine adjustment of a larger capacitor to which it is connected. Also trimmer capacitor, trimmer condenser.
1930Moyer & Wostrel Radio Construction & Repairing (ed. 2) xviii. 331 ‘Trimmer’ condensers which are out of adjustment..will impair the quality of sound reproduction. 1939, etc. [see padder n.2 3]. 1944Electronic Engin. XVI. 362/2 This error can easily be compensated by the use of a two gang trimmer condenser across the two tuning condensers. 1965Wireless World Sept. 422/2 The appropriate trimmer is first adjusted to give a low intermediate frequency. 1971A. Margolis Mod. Radio Repair Techniques (1974) vi. 83 Usually, padder capacitors are found only in oscillator circuits. Trimmer capacitors are found in the RF circuits, mixer circuits and oscillator circuits.
11. Aeronaut. = trimming tab s.v. trimming vbl. n. 7 b.
1935Aircraft Engineering Dec. 305/1 The effect of the trimmer on the drag of the whole tail must be kept in mind. 1947A. C. Douglas Gliding & Advanced Soaring ii. 48 If the quick release is the one used for winching, usually below the thrust line, the machine may tend to ride high, necessitating a continual forward pressure on the stick. This may be tiring on long tows unless elevator trimmers are fitted. 1964G. Lyall Most Dangerous Game ix. 62 Watching my hands wander round the cockpit, checking and setting... Trimmers to takeoff, throttle nut tensioned.
Hence ˈtrimmering vbl. n., trimmer-fishing.
1870Observer 9 Oct., Trimmering, trolling, live bait fishing, spinning, fly fishing.
attrib.1888Fenn Dick o' Fens x. heading, A trimmering expedition.
Add:[7.] b. One responsible for trimming the sails on a boat or ship; = sail trimmer s.v. sail n.1 10.
1953A. Knapp Race your Boat Right iii. 48 The trimmer with only one turn on his winch trims hand over hand as the sail swings over. 1983New Scientist 16 June 775/1 When that range [of winch gears] has run out of power, the trimmer bangs over a lever, and hits the first gear button again. 1988Seahorse Sept./Oct. 62/1 When the water is flat the trimmers can afford to really strap the rig down. |