| 释义 |
aggravation|ægrəˈveɪʃən|
Also 5 agrauacion.
[Prob. a. Fr. aggravation (Cotgr. 1611) ad. L. aggravātiōn-em, n. of action f. aggravā-re: see aggravate a.]
†1. The laying on of burdens, oppression. Obs.
1481Caxton Myrrour iii. x. 153 Nature may not suffre..the sodeyn agrauacions ne griefs, of whiche by their folyes they trauaylle nature.
†2. The charging as an offence; accusation. Obs.
1647May Hist. Parl. i. ix. 112 Severall Members were appointed to present those particular charges..which they all did, making large speeches in aggravation of their crimes. 1675Baxter Cath. Theol. ii. i. 212, I only answer your aggravation of uncomfortableness of their Doctrine.
3. Eccl. (See quot.)
1611Cotgr., Aggravation..a curse, excommunication, or execration denounced against an obstinate offender. 1751Chambers Cycl., Aggravation, in the Romish canon-law, is particularly used for an ecclesiastical censure, threatening an excommunication, after three admonitions used in vain. Ibid. From Aggravation they proceed to re-aggravation; which is the last excommunication. 1864Kirk Chas. the Bold I. ii. iv. 583 The Church was invited..to hurl its interdicts, excommunications, ‘aggravations’ and ‘re-aggravations.’
4. A making heavier, graver, or more heinous; the fact of being increased in gravity or seriousness.
1615T. Adams White Devill 4 Thus the aggregation of circumstances is the aggravation of offences. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 473 Though in way of Aggravation of their crime, it be said, that they also worshipped the Creature more than the Creator. 1801Wellesley Desp. 203 None of these evils have been diminished..their daily increase and aggravation are notorious. 1833I. Taylor Fanat. §6. 206 Circumstances so unfavourable to virtue.. could hardly admit aggravation. 1851‘L. Mariotti’ Italy 11 The consequent aggravation of hard, senseless, suspicious despotism. 1855Ess. Intuitive Mor. 38 Then eternal punishment would be too great for any multiplication or aggravation of sins.
†5. Making the most of (in a bad sense); exaggeration. Obs.
1628Wither Brit. Rememb. ii. 2173 But, I from aggravations will forbeare. 1699Bentley Phalaris Pref. 33 Rhetorical aggravations above the naked and strict Truth. 1743Tindal tr. Rapin's Hist. II. xvii. 73 It might be thought, Buchanan, who hated the queen, has used aggravation, if what happened afterwards did not too evidently confirm what he said.
6. a. famil. The action of exasperating, or irritating. Also, an exasperating or irritating occurrence, situation, etc.; annoyance, difficulty.
1875L. Troubridge Life amongst Troubridges (1966) 138 Amy and I are both hot-tempered, and I believe I have a talent for aggravation at times. 1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad 614 A..sorely tried American student..used to fly to a certain German word for relief when he could bear up under his aggravations no longer... This was the word Damit.
b. (Trouble or disturbance caused by) aggressive behaviour, harassment; cf. aggro.
1939L. Golding Mr. Emmanuel i. 11 If I should have a son, I should not give him such aggravation. 1969B. Rubens Elected Member (1980) xiii. 134 Throughout our childhood, it seems the only thing we gave our mothers was aggravation. And not just aggravation, but such aggravation. I used to think aggravation was a yiddish word. 1970C. Kersh Aggravations of Minnie Ashe xiv. 196 With my aggravations you'd also use language. 1970P. Laurie Scotland Yard 287 Aggravation, harassment imposed either by the police or criminals on each other. 1971J. Mandelkau Buttons viii. 112 We'd been getting heavy aggravation from things in our area. 1978Times 21 Jan. 2/3 Members of the public are quite able to make their own claims assisted and guided by department officials without having these people coming in and causing aggravation. 1982R. Friedman Proofs of Affection vii. 84 She'd had enough aggravation with her over the Yom Kippur business. 1984Police Rev. 16 Mar. 531/1 Aggravation emerged into the criminal vocabulary during the Fifties gang wars between Jack Spot and Billy Hill. Meaning to annoy, harass or provoke, it is a misuse of the conventional sense of the word, which, shortened to ‘aggro’, has travelled far beyond the boundaries of underworld conversation.
†7.
a. A circumstance that renders more weighty or important. Obs. in the general sense.
1653Baxter Saints' Rest iv. ix. (1662) 745 Consider of the several aggravations of the mercy of the Spirit enabling thee thereto.
b. esp. ‘An extrinsic circumstance or accident, which increases the guilt of a crime, or the misery of a calamity.’ J.
1552–5Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) 351 Not any new indisposition, but one of old standing, though lately increased by fresh aggravations. 1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 174 What a hainous aggravation of their sin it is, that they commit it after Baptism. 1791T. Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 135 It is no relief, but an aggravation to a person in slavery, to reflect that he was sold by his parent. 1855Bain Senses & Intell. ii. ii. §11 (1864) 134 Confinement is the chief aggravation of all those impurities. |