| 释义 |
▪ I. whin1|hwɪn|
Forms: 5 quyn, qwynne, wyne, 5–7 whyn(ne, 6 whyne, Sc. quyin, 6–7 whinne, whine, Sc. quhinn(e, 7 win, whimme, (9 dial.) whim, Sc. (9 dial.) quhin, 8 (9 dial.) whinn, 8–9 Sc. and dial. whun, 6– whin.
[app. orig. northern, and prob. of Scand. origin (cf. Sw. hven, early Da. hvine, hvinegræs, -strå, Norw. hvine, hvén, kvein, applied to certain grasses); the evidence goes to show that gorse was formerly of economic importance in the areas of special Scand. influence.
This origin is more probable than that which has been proposed from OWelsh chwynn weeds (mod. chwyn), cognate with Breton chouenna to hoe, weed.]
1. The common furze or gorse, Ulex europæus.
Often collect. pl. and sing. for a clump or mass of the shrub, or a quantity of it used for fuel, fencing, etc.
c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 159 A strete, Ful thik and hard,..With thornes, breres, and moni a quyn. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 643/32 Hec saliunca, wyne. c1440Promp. Parv. 524/2 Whynne, saliunca. 1538Turner Libellus, Paliurus, uarias habet subspecies, quarum una est frutex ille quem all[i]oqui a whyn allij a furre nominant. 1549MSS. Dk. Rutland (Hist. MSS. Comm.) IV. 352 For fellyng and ledyng of xj lodes of whynnes..iijs. viijd. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 119 With whinnes or with furzes thy houell renew. 1578Lyte Dodoens vi. ix. 669 The common Whyn, or great Furze. 1606in Trans. Cumbld. & Westmld. Archaeol. Soc. (1903) III. 152 That none..shall cutt any whinne to burne upon paine of vid. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. xxiv. 258 Rough hay, full of whims [ed. 1636 whimmes, 1675 whins], thistels, or other pricking stuffe. 1698A. de la Pryme Diary (Surtees 1869) 178 When all their fother was done, they took green whinz,..stampt them..to bruise all their pricles, and then gave them to their beasts. 1721Ramsay Ode to the Ph― ii, Driving their Baws frae Whins or Tee, There's no ae Gowfer to be seen. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 597 Whins or common furze make a valuable fence. 1859H. Kingsley G. Hamlyn v, Down beyond down, a vast sheet of purple heath and golden whin. 1878Susan Phillips On Seaboard 254 Between the whin and the workhouse they pulled the old fox down. 1882Garden 13 May 324/3 The double flowering Whin (Furze).
2. Applied to other prickly or thorny shrubs, as rest-harrow and buckthorn; also to heather.
1530Palsgr. 288/1 Whynne, bruiere. Whynnes or hethe, bruiere. 1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 13 Anonis called also Ononis is called..in Cambryge Shyre a whyne. 1570Levins Manip. 133/14 A Whin, rhamnus. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Whin or Petty Whin, a Shrub, otherwise call'd Knee-holm. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Whin, the rest-harrow.
3. With distinctive additions, in local names of various prickly shrubs:
cammock, lady-, land-whin = petty whin (a); cat('s) whin = petty whin; also dwarf furze, dog-rose, burnet-rose; heather-, moor-, moss-, needle-whin = petty whin (b); petty whin, (a) Turner's name for the Rest-harrow, Ononis arvensis; (b) the Needle-furze, Genista anglica.
14..MS. Laud 553, lf. 18 Reta bouis is an herbe þt me clepuþ cammok whynne or calketrap. 1551Turner Herbal i. D j, Petye Whyne, or grounde Whyne, or lytle Whyne is called in latyn, & Greke ononis, and anonis... In cambryge shyre thys herbe is called a whyne, but I putt pety to it, to make dyfference betwene thys herbe, and a fur: whyche in manye places of Englande is also called a Whyne. 1579Langham Gard. Health 527 Restharrow, Cammok, or Petywhin. 1650[W. Howe] Phytol. Brit. 45 Genistella..Needle Furze or Petty Whin. 1684Meriton Praise Ale 108 (E.D.S.) Our Land is tewgh, and full of..Cat-whins. 1763Museum Rust. I. lxxxv. 377 Such barren sandy heaths where petty-whin, heather, and short furze, plentifully grow. 1788W. Marshall E. Yorksh. II. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Cat-whin, sb. rosa spinosissima, burnet rose. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Land-whin, s., the rest-harrow. 1853G. Johnston Bot. E. Bord. 51 G[enista] anglica. Moor-Whin: Heather-Whin: Moss-Whin. 1878Cumbld. Gloss., Cat-whin, the dwarf whin. Ulex nanus. 1886Britten & Holland Plant-n., Lady-whin, Ononis arvensis,..Encyclopædia of Agriculture.
4. attrib. and Comb., as whin-bloom, whin-covert, whin-cow (cow n.2), whin-fence, whin-flower, whin-hack (hack n.1), whin-pod, whin-prick, whin-prickle, whin-root, whin-seed; whin-kid, a bundle of whin; hence whin-kid vb., to fence or thatch with whin; whin-linnet (see quots.); whin-mill, a mill for crushing whin for horse-feed; whin-thrush, a local name for the redwing, = winnard; whin-wrack, a species of grass (see quot.).
1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl., *Whun blooms, the yellow blooms of the whin. 1865Allingham 50 Mod. Poems, Among the Heather ii, Your mountain air is sweet..When..the whinbloom smells like honey.
1843Zoologist I. 80 Walking through a straggling *whin-covert.
1826Scott Jrnl. 28 Feb. in Lockhart, If you would have a horse kick, make a crupper out of a *whin-cow.
1797J. Bailey & Culley Agric. Cumberld. 185 Large tracts..inclosed by *whin-fences.
1897Watts-Dunton Aylwin xvii, Making the gold coins round her neck shine like dewy *whin-flowers struck by the sunrise.
1585–6Wills & Inv. Durham (Surtees) ii. 131, iij *whine hackes.
1651N. Riding Rec. V. 90 Six *whyn kidds. 1841Instit. Civil Eng. Min. Proc. I. 141 The author..has lately been..warping silt, with whin or gorse kids, laid horizontally. 1876Mid-Yorks. Gloss. s.v., The parcels of land [are]..whin-kydded about.
1837Macgillivray Brit. Birds I. 371 Linaria cannabina. The Brown Linnet... *Whin Linnet. Greater Redpoll. 1862Johns Brit. Birds 625 Whin Linnet, the Common Linnet.
1793in Trans. Buchan Field Club (1935) XIV. 76 Carrying wood for the *whine mile. 1893C. A. Mollyson Parish of Fordoun 188 With a plentiful supply of oilcake and other nutritious feeding stuffs there is no place now for the whin-mill. 1957E. E. Evans Irish Folk Ways viii. 110 The knocking stones..where the whins were ‘melled’ with a wooden maul, are sometimes to be seen in the farmyard, and there were a few water-driven ‘whin⁓mills’.
1874Stevenson Ess. Trav., On Unpleas. Places 246 The..crackling of the *whin-pods in the afternoon sun.
1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 13 The little white Field-Spider..imboss'd all over with black Knobs, out of..which grow bristles or prickles like *whin-pricks.
1899Crockett Kit Kennedy xxxvi, As if they had been sitting on *whin prickles.
1586Depos. Durham (Surtees) 320 My good man's horse fest at a *whinne roote. 1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl. 28 Harrows wi' teeth o' whunroots.
1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 122 Every time that the land is turned into grass, the *whin-seeds near the surface will vegetate.
1848Zoologist VI. 2290 The redwing is in G[loucestershire] a ‘*whin thrush’.
1853G. Johnston Bot. E. Bord. 212 Holcus mollis... *Whin-wrack,—so called because it is found to occupy places whence Whins have been removed.
▪ II. whin2 Sc. and north. dial.|hwɪn|
Forms: 4 quin, 6 Sc. quhin, quhyn(e, 6, 9 whun, 8 whyn(n, 8– whin, (9 whinn, Sc. whunn, fin).
[Origin obscure.]
= whinstone.
a1300Cursor M. 7531 He tok fiue stans rond o quin, And put þam in his scrip wit-in. 1513Douglas æneis iv. vii. 8 Of ane cald hard quhyn, The clekkit that horrible mont, Caucasus hait. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 56 Greit cragis of quhin. 1599A. Hume Hymnes iii. 133 The blew paymented whun [rime sun]. 1708J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 12 If a Whin (which is the hardest sort of Stone..) lye in the way. 1799Kendal Geol. Ess. 310 Carbonated wood is frequently found under trap, whin, or basalt. 1864A. Miller Coatbridge ii. 8 Where the Ironstone comes into conjunction with whin it is..much impregnated with pyrites.
b. attrib. and Comb., as whin boulder, whin-dike (dike n.1 9 b), whin-float (float n. 20 a), whin gravel; whin-rock, whinstone; whin-sill, a sill or layer of whinstone; also as a name for whinstone.
1873Geikie Gt. Ice Age xi. 152 Gravel and stones with large ‘*whin’ boulders.
1789J. Williams Min. Kingd. I. 29 Dykes of basaltes, or other hard stone, which are commonly called *whin dykes. 1825E. Mackenzie View Northumbld. (ed. 2) I. 81 The Whin-dikes are filled with basalt, which has apparently issued hot from the interior parts of the earth. 1845J. Phillips Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 619/1 A few faults in the magnesian limestone range of Durham and Yorkshire, as along the line of the great whindyke.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m., *Whin-float, a kind of greenstone, basalt, or trap, occurring in coal measures.
1799Trans. Soc. Arts XVII. 246 Clayey loams, limestone gravel, *whin gravel.
1683G. Sinclair Nat. Philos. 277 An impregnable *Whin-Rock, or Flinty Stone. 1785Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xviii, I might as weel hae try'd a quarry O' hard whin rock. 1806Forsyth Beauties Scot. IV. 58 All the hills are whin-rock.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 748 In Cumberland the metalliferous limestone includes a bed of trap, designated under the name of *whinsill. 1845J. Phillips Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 756/1 The origin of the whin-sill. 1869Phillips Vesuv. iv. 128 The toadstone in Derbyshire, or the whinsill in Teesdale.
▪ III. whin
see wheen, whim n.1 ¶ . |