| 释义 |
▪ I. tribute, n.|ˈtrɪbjuːt|
Also 4 trebute, tribuyt, -uit, -it, 4–6 tribut, trybut, -e, 5 Sc. trewbut, -e.
[ad. L. tribūtum, neut. of tribūtus, pa. pple. of tribu-ĕre to assign, give, pay. Cf. F. tribut (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), and the semi-popular and inherited OF. forms trebus (14th c. in Godef. Compl.) and trėu: see trew.]
1. a. A tax or impost paid by one prince or state to another in acknowledgement of submission or as the price of peace, security, and protection; rent or homage paid in money or an equivalent by a subject to his sovereign or a vassal to his lord.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 710 Þei..taken of ȝou tribit þat traie is to paie, Of ȝoure offringus alle ofte in þe ȝere. a1400Morte Arth. 114 With-owttyne more trouflyng the trebute we aske, That Julius Cesar wane wyth his jentille knyghttes! 1490Caxton Eneydos xxxi. 117 They of Athenes muste sende eueri yere for a trybute to the kynge Mynos of Crete..seuen men and seuen wymen. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 41 b, Germany is muche impouerished with warres.. and with tributes. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 113 He..Confederates..with King of Naples To giue him Annuall tribute, doe him homage. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. (1869) I. 470 A large portion of the tribute was paid in money. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVII. 503/2 Edgar..liberat[ed] the Welsh from the payment of the tax of gold and silver on condition of an annual tribute of three hundred wolves. 1872Freeman Gen. Sketch xii. §14 (1874) 225 The successes of the Turks were largely owing to their taking a tribute of children from their Christian subjects.
b. Hence contextually, The obligation or necessity of paying this; the condition of being tributary, as to lay a tribute on. under tribute, † on tribute: under obligation to pay tribute (also fig.: cf. 2).
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 37 Wonyeth þere none But vnder tribut & taillage as tykes & cherles. c1470Henry Wallace v. 589 Still scho duelt on trewbute in the toune, And purchest had king Eduuardis protectioune. 1535Coverdale Prov. xii. 24 A diligent hande shal beare rule, but the ydle shal be vnder tribute. 1609Bible (Douay) ibid., The hand..which is slothful, shal serve under tributes. 1662Bp. Hopkins Serm. 1 Pet. ii. 13 (1685) 4 If a fast did only lay a tribute upon our eyes. 1793R. Hall Apol. Freed. Press iv. 50 His imperial fancy has laid all nature under tribute.
2. transf. and fig.
a. Something paid or contributed as by a subordinate to a superior; an offering or gift rendered as a duty, or as an acknowledgement of affection or esteem.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxvii. 145 b, The euils..wherof by the tribute of death, they were deliuered. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 39 His Father..having paid Nature her last Tribute..the year before. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 258 From his side two rivers flow'd,..Then meeting joyn'd thir tribute to the Sea. 1750Gray Elegy 80 Some frail memorial..Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. 1806Med. Jrnl. XV. 318 The committee..also declare, that they cannot conclude their report, without returning a just tribute of acknowledgement to the illustrious author of this discovery, Dr. Jenner. 1850Syd. Smith's Wks. I. 8/1 note, I cannot read the name of Malthus without adding my tribute of affection for the memory of one of the best men that ever lived. 1860Hook Lives Abps. I. vi. 323 To the merits of Grimbald no higher tribute could have been paid.
b. A praiseworthy thing attributable to, a testimony to.
Often (as by Fowler in quot. 1926) regarded as an incorrect use.
1926in H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 662/2 The debate on the whole was a tribute to the good taste and good form of the House of Commons. 1937W. H. S. Smith Let. 3 May in Young Man's Country (1977) ii. 69 Are the Guildford's using their old Coronation Robes? If so, it's a tribute to Lady G.'s figure. 1961New Statesman 8 Feb. 198/1 Perhaps..the gusty vigour of the heroes of the period from Grant to McKinley is a tribute to the American character.
3. In Mining (originally in the tin-mining of Cornwall; now in general use).
a. The proportion of the value of the ore raised, paid by the miners to the owners or lessors of the land or their representatives.
1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 330/1 Tribute, [called] a Cope [in] North of England, a consideration or share of the produce of a Mine either in money or kind..paid by the Takers or Tributors to the original Adventurers or owners, for the liberty granted to the Takers of enjoying the Mine, or a part thereof, called a Pitch, for a limited time. 1886N. Zealand Herald 1 June 6/7 Tributes were let to several parties, whose contributions to the company during the year amounted to {pstlg}153 19s. 6d. The receipts showed calls to be {pstlg}1573 4s., tributers {pstlg}153 19s. 6d., sundries (such as crushing, interest, and overdraft) {pstlg}47 9s. 6d.: total, {pstlg}1774 13s. 1911C. Boyd in United Empire July 393 The Tributor is a small goldminer..paying tribute on his holding.
b. The proportion of ore raised or its value, paid to the miners by the owners of the mine or land, in payment of their labour.
1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. xxvi. (ed. 3) 252 Tribute, which is payment for raising and dressing the ore, by means of a certain part of its value when rendered merchantable. 1855J. R. Leifchild Cornwall Mines 143 The ores so raised are sold every week, and the miner immediately receives his tribute or per centage for which he agreed to work. 1865R. Hunt Pop. Rom. W. Eng. Ser. i. (1871) 90 The inducements of very high ‘tribute’ were held out to the miners.
c. Hence, to work on tribute, or on the tribute system, to work on the plan of paying or receiving certain proportions of the produce.
1869R. M. Ballantyne Deep Down xxviii. 359 When a man works on ‘tribute’ he receives so many shillings for every twenty shillings' worth of ore that he raises during the month. 1875Melbourne Spectator 12 June 63/2 The company pleaded that the mine was let on tribute. 1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 85 The Wyoming and Pittsburgh are worked on tribute. 1885Money Market Rev. 29 Aug. (Cassell), Some twelve men are now working old dump, concentrating on tribute.
d. Work performed in excavating and dressing the ore, as distinguished from tut-work, which consists in sinking shafts, driving of adits, and similar preparatory operations.
1839Penny Cycl. XV. 246/1 The dead work is denominated ‘tutwork’, and the raising of ores ‘tribute’. Ibid., The mode of payment adopted in tutwork and tribute is entirely different: in the former case..the miner..is paid at so much per fathom..; in the latter case..the miner receives a certain percentage on the actual value [of the ore], being paid at the rate of so many shillings in the pound upon that value.
4. attrib. and Comb., as tribute-bribe, tribute-coin, tribute-gatherer, tribute-offer, tribute-payer, tribute-payment, tribute-piece, tribute-quittance, tribute-river, tribute-roll; in sense 3, as tribute-man, tribute-pitch (pitch n.2 12), tribute system, tribute-taker, tribute work; tribute-bearing, tribute-paying adjs.; tribute-children, children surrendered as tribute; tribute rice Chinese Hist., a grain tax paid in kind. See also tribute-money.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal (1673) 21 Yet in his life Paid *tribute-bribes to his own conscious wife.
1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 332 Far the greatest part of these *tribute children, taken from their Christian parents,..hee caused to be dispersed into euery city and country of his dominion in Asia. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 510 margin, The Iemoglans, or tribute-children.
1582N.T. (Rhem.) Matt. xxii. 19 Shew me the *tribute coine. And they offred him a penie.
1552Huloet, *Trybute gatherer, telo. 1649Milton Eikon. iv, They had stoned his tribute-gatherer.
1839H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornw., etc. xv. 503 It seems they worked in different parties..like the *tribute-men of the mines.
a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. xvii, Fair streames..let the *tribute-offer of my teares unto you, procure your stay a while with me.
1552Huloet, *Trybute payer, stipendarius,..tributarius. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 60 From what countrey soeuer tribute payers, or ambassadours come vnto him.
1860J. Cairns Mem. J. Brown vi. 186 The true Christian doctrine of civil obedience and *tribute paying.
1592Kyd Sp. Trag. i. iii, Is our embassadour dispatcht for Spaine?.. And *tribute paiment gone along with him?
1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 101 Whether these *tribute-pieces were coined by the Romans..I may not easily affirme.
1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 189 A *Tribute-Pitch consists of a few fathoms in length on the course of the Lode [in a Copper Mine]. 1865R. Hunt Pop. Rom. W. Eng. Ser. i. (1871) 105 She was promised no end of good luck..and Jan the best luck in tribute-pitches.
1853North-China Herald 26 Mar. 134/4 (heading) Destruction of the Che Híen's House and *tribute rice. 1959P. Fleming Siege at Peking v. 61 Tungchow, whose prosperity depended on its status as an entrepot for tribute-rice brought by canal from the interior, had economic as well as ideological motives for disliking the railway.
1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. iii. iii, Indus and its *tribute rivers.
1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. iv. Captaines 119 A thousand Streamlings that ne'er saw the Sun, With *tribute silver to his service run.
1872R. B. Smyth Mining Statist. 83 There does not appear any very good reason why prospecting ventures should not, as a rule, be established on the *tribute system. 1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 449/2 The third method is that which is known as the tribute system. The miner working on tribute..gives the mining company all the ore he extracts at a certain proportion of its value, after he has paid all the cost of breaking it, hoisting it to the surface, and dressing it.
1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 189 A *Tribute-Taker, as well as every other Miner in a Bal, obliges himself and partners to lend a hand gratis at the capstan whenever required.
1874J. H. Collins Metal Mining 127 What are the advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of ‘tut work’ as compared with ‘*tribute work’?
▸ tribute band n. a band which plays the music of another more famous group (or performer), often imitating them in appearance and performance style.
1979Washington Post 9 Oct. c3/2 This is not just a memorial band, a *tribute band. It's a working group of some of the best musicians that passed through the [Mingus] Jazz Workshop. 2001Heat 28 Apr. 22 Hear'say have well and truly made it. If a record-breaking Number One single and album and a huge fanbase weren't proof enough, they have now spawned a tribute band—the cheekily named Near'say.
▪ II. tribute, v.|ˈtrɪbjuːt|
[f. prec. n.]
†1. intr. To yield tribute; trans. to pay as tribute. Obs. rare.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. iv. 555 But hem I sette in wel pastyned londe, And they tributed with felicite. 1570Levins Manip. 196/26 To Tribute, tribuere. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 302 Amorous Trifler, that spendeth..his Afternoones in discourse with Paint, or Lust, tributing most precious Minutes, to the Scepter of a Fanne.
2. Mining. trans. and intr. To work on tribute. Hence ˈtributed ppl. a.; ˈtributing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1855J. R. Leifchild Cornwall Mines 143 Tributing..is a business requiring keen judgment and close application. Ibid. 152 Dolcoath miners,..tut-working and tributing, to send up copper for coinage, for tea-urns, for tea-kettles, and for trinkets. 1909Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 10/4 All the tributing parties, owing to their being unable to earn a living, threw up their contracts. 1912Times 19 Dec. 19/1 From all of the tributed properties they were receiving revenue. |