| 释义 |
▪ I. frill, n.1|frɪl|
[This and the related frill v.1 are of uncertain origin. The common view is that frill v.3, to shiver, gave rise to a n. (see frill n.3) meaning ‘the ruffling of a hawk's feathers when shivering’, and that the word as applied to an article of costume is a transferred use of this. But this hypothesis finds no support in the rare early instances of the words; and there is no proof that the n. ever had the alleged sense. Sense 2 of the vb. suggests that it may be a metathetic form of furl; but this is app. peculiar to Knolles, and should perh. be regarded as an unconnected word. The n. as used by butchers (sense 3 below) is commonly regarded as a transferred sense from the ‘frill’ of a shirt; but the analogy of chitterling and of F. fraise (mesentery of a calf, 14th c.; ruff, frill, 16th c.) suggests the possibility that the butchers' sense may be the original (though not recorded until quite recently). Godef. has one quot. for an OF. pple. freolé (v.r. freioleit) = ‘frilled’ (said of a shirt); and it is noteworthy that in the 17th c. the F. equivalent of furl v. (cf. frill v.1 2) was fresler, which seems to belong to OF. freseler to frill, adorn, f. fresel, -ele, dim. of fraise ruff; but it is not easy to see how Eng. frill can be connected with these words.]
1. a. An ornamental edging made of a strip of any woven material, of which one edge is gathered and the other left loose so as to give it a wavy or fluted appearance. Toby-frill, such as appears on the figure of Toby in the frontispiece of Punch.
(The sense in the first quot. is doubtful; ‘borrowed frills’ suggests rather false curls or the like than what is defined above; cf. frill v.1 2.)
1591R. Turnbull Expos. Jas. 95 b, Their flaunting ruffes..their borowed frilles, and such like vanities. 1801Mason Suppl. to Johnson, Frill, an edging of fine linen on the bosom of a shirt. 1812J. Nott Dekker's Gvlls Horne-bk. 90 note, What we now call the frill or chitterling of the shirt. 1841Lytton Nt. & Morn. ii. iii, What have you been at? You have torn your frill into tatters. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. x. 210 Mopsy and Dopsy, their long limbs sheathed in sea-green velveteen, Toby-frills round their necks.
b. transf. A similar article of cut paper or net put round the knuckle of a ham, etc. when brought to table.
1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 33 His eyes fixed abstractedly on the frill of a ham before him.
c. Anything resembling such an edging; e.g. a fringe of feathers round the neck of a bird (esp. in pigeons; hence, a pigeon having a frill: cf. frill-back in 5); a process like this on an invertebrate animal, a ring on a fungus, a tuft on the neck of a dog, etc.
1860B. P. Brent Pigeon Bk. 53 The eye..is of a pearl or gravel colour..very different from the Turbit's,..and the frill is rarely so long. 1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 122 They consist of 4 or 8 frills, curved in a semilunar form. 1879L. Wright Pract. Pigeon Keeper xiv. 165 The fourth and last property is frill. Ibid., If the frill, or group of re-curved feathers on the breast is to extend [etc.]. 1883G. Stables Our Friend the Dog vii. 60 Frill—The mass of feather on a long-coated dog's chest. 1890Daily News 8 Jan. 2/4 Oriental frills, imported 20 years ago from Turkey and Smyrna. 1957C. Osman Racing Pigeons i. 24 The same family [sc. the Git group of pigeons] occasionally has frills, feathers running across the breast of the bird and curling over backwards.
d. fig. (colloq., orig. U.S.). An affectation of dress or manners, an air. Usually pl.
a1845Sydney Smith in S. Holland Mem. (ed. 3, 1855) I. ix. 407 Mr. ― has great good sense, but I never met a manner more entirely without frill. 1865‘Mark Twain’ in Harte & ‘Twain’ Sks. Sixties (1926) 189 You put on as many frills and make as much fuss..as if it were..a first-class power among nations. 1870Sacramento paper (De Vere), I can't bear his talk, it's all frills. 1871Schele de Vere Americanisms (1872) 603 Frills, denotes, in California and the West generally, any assumption of style. 1885‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn v, You've put on considerable many frills since I been away. Ibid., He cussed me for putting on frills, and trying to be better than him. 1889Century Dict. s.v., He puts on too many frills. 1891E. Kinglake Austral. at Home 157 Do not put on what the Americans call ‘frill’. 1892Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 12 It's the commissariat camel puttin' on 'is bloomin' frills! 1900G. Bonner Hard-Pan vi. 194 She suffered from none of that rancor which the boarder who is suspected of ‘putting on frills’ is liable to arouse. 1928Galsworthy Swan Song iii. 23 The first book was born too still for anything. A sort of ‘African Farm’, without the spiritual frills—if you remember it.
e. fig. A thing or feature which is merely ornamental; an embellishment. Usually in a derogatory sense.
1893Farmer Slang, Frills, swagger; conceit; also accomplishments (as music, languages, etc.); and culture; cf., Man with no frills. 1904N.Y. Tribune 13 Oct. 6 The Board of Education should be encouraged in its tendency to lop off a few ‘frills’ from the curriculum and add the time saved to the substantial parts of the course. 1909Westm. Gaz. 4 Aug. 4/1 A full-fledged Parliament.., a Speaker, a Mace, and all the frills and furbelows still considered essential to Parliamentary Government. 1916A. Quiller-Couch Art of Writing vii. 133 The editor of a mining paper in Denver, U.S.A., boldly the other day laid down this law, that niceties of language were mere ‘frills’. 1919L. F. Cody Buffalo Bill 21 There were no frills about Will Cody's story as he told it to me. 1949F. Swinnerton Doctor's Wife comes to Stay 121 A simple, good-natured soul, who wants to be painted just as he is...‘No frills.’ 1962Parker & Allerton Courage of Convictions iv. 168 He was a pig-headed authoritarian without frills.
2. A kind of scallop-shell. See freel.
1803Montagu in Gosse Year at Shore (1865) 25 note, [This Pecten] is known by the name of Frills or Queens. 1865Gosse ibid., The term ‘frill’ obviously refers to the form of the shell.
3. Used by butchers for: The mesentery of an animal.
1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Frill, a piece of fleshy fat surrounding the entrails of a pig; it has the appearance of being puckered like a frill, whence its name. 1884Chesh. Gloss., Frill, the puckered edge of the fat which is stripped from the entrails of a pig.
4. Photography. [From the vb.] The irregular rising of a gelatine film at the edges of a plate, so as to present the semblance of a frill.
5. attrib. and Comb., as frill-like adj.; frill-back (see quot.); frill-lizard, an Australian lizard of the genus Chlamydosaurus whose neck is encircled by a broad membrane, erectile at pleasure.
1765Treatise Dom. Pigeons 144 The Frill-back..what is remarkable in them is the turn of their feathers, which appear as if every one distinctly had been raised at the extremity with a small round-pointed instrument, in such a manner as to form a small cavity in each of them. 1895Westm. Gaz. 17 Aug. 3/3 The extraordinary frill-like appendage which encircles it neck.
Hence ˈfrillless a. [-less], having no frill.
1883D. Wingate Lost Laird xvi, Over her grey hair she wore a frillless ‘mutch’.
▪ II. † frill, n.2 Obs.
(See quot.)
1611Cotgr., Maie, the greatest kind of sea-Crab, round, long-legd, and verie rough-shelled; some call her, a Frill.
▪ III. frill, n.3 rare—0.
[f. frill v.3; but the word seems to be an etymologizing figment: see note on frill n.1]
(See quot.)
1846Worcester, Frill..the ruffling of a hawk's feathers when frilling with cold.
▪ IV. frill, v.1|frɪl|
[See frill n.1]
1. trans. To furnish or decorate with a frill. (In the first quot. the meaning may be ‘to curl the hair’; cf. sense 2 and frill n.1 1, quot. 1591.)
1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. 296 The goode townse⁓like craftsman, needes no daughter in lawe that can fril and paint her selfe [que sepan affeytar]. 1766Smollett Trav. I. vii. 105 When I see one of those fine creatures, sailing along, in her taudry robes of silk and gauze, frilled, and flounced, and furbelowed. 1831Sir F. B. Head Bubbles of Brunnen 114 Next came a row of women in caps, frilled and bedizened. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 53 A dainty work-basket frilled with blue satin.
absol.1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xi, They can pink, point, and frill, and know something of music.
b. To serve as a frill for.
1887Fenn Master of Ceremonies iii, The great mob of lace that frilled her night-cap.
†2. To furl up; to twist back. Obs. rare.
1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 516 His long mustachoes on his vpper lip, like bristles, frild back to his neck..did so expresse his martiall disposition..that [etc.]. Ibid. 1256 To depart whither they would, with their ensignes frilled vp. Ibid. 1288 Ensignes..frilled vp.
3. Photography.
a. trans. (causatively.) To raise (a film) in flutes like a frill.
b. intr. Of the film: To rise in flutes like a frill.
1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 57 The drops of perspiration would sometimes splash on a plate, you know, and sort of frill the film.
Add:4. fig. intr. Of water: to cascade in frill-like patterns; also trans., to surround as with a frill. poet. nonce-uses.
1925E. Sitwell Troy Park 95 And the waterfalls frilled like a white rose-tree. 1969N. MacCaig Man in my Position 62, I stare at water Frilling a stone, flexing a muscle.
▪ V. † frill, v.2 Obs. rare.
[prob. echoic.]
intr. Of the eagle: To scream.
1677Wittie Gout Raptures lviii. (1681) 103 The Goat did blare, squeak did the Hare, And there the Eagle frilled. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 310/2 The Eagle Frilleth, or Scriketh.
Hence frill n., the cry of an eagle.
1847in Halliwell.
▪ VI. † frill, v.3 Obs.—0
[ad. OF. friller.]
intr. To shiver with cold.
1671Skinner Etymol. Ling. Angl. Tt ij, The hawk Frilleth, a Fr. G. Friller, Horrere, Rigere, Tremere. 1721Bailey s.v., The Hawk frills. 1755in Johnson. 1847in Halliwell. Hence in mod. Dicts. |