| 释义 |
▪ I. † sty, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 stíᵹ (stiiᵹ), 2, 4 stiȝ, 3 Orm. stiȝhe, stih, 3–4 sti, 4 stighe (steghe, stieghe, stighte), styȝe, 4–5 stie, stye, 4–6 sty, (6 dial. stee).
[OE. stíᵹ fem. = MDu. stîge (early mod.Du. stijghe), OHG. stîga (MHG. stîge):—OTeut. *stīᵹō; a parallel masc. form *stīᵹo-z is represented by MLG. stîch, stîg-, OHG., MHG. stîc, stîg- (mod.G. steig), ON. stíg-r (MSw. stîgher, mod.Sw. stig, Da. sti). From Teut. root *stī̆ᵹ- to go, climb: see sty v.1
Synonymous words from other grades of the root are Goth. staiga, OHG. steiga (MHG. steige):—OTeut. *staiᵹō; MLG. stech, steg- (LG. steg); MDu. stege (mod.Du. steeg fem., path, steg masc., narrow bridge):—OTeut. *stiᵹu-z.]
A path or narrow way.
Beowulf 320 Stræt wæs stan-fah stiᵹ wisode gumum ætgædere. c725Corpus Gloss 651 Devia callis, horweg [= orweᵹ] stiᵹ. [c875Erfurt Gloss 340 Devia callis, horuaeg stiiᵹ.] c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxviii [cxix]. 105 Þæt ys þæt strange leoht stiᵹe minre. c1175Lamb. Hom. 7 Þe witeȝa het þet we sculde makien his stiᵹes [rihte]; þenne make we ham rihte ȝef we haldet his beode. c1200Ormin 6208 Tatt narrwe stih Þatt ledeþþ ȝunnc till heoffne. c1250Gen. & Exod. 3958 Balaam..bet and went it to ðe sti Bi-twen two walles of ston. a1300Cursor M. 4575, I folud siþen, me-thoght, a sti Vntil a feild. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14191 To Souþhaumptone he tok þe sty. 1382Wyclif Job xix. 8 My sty he heggide aboute, and I mai not gon ouer. a1430Sev. Sage (Cott. Galba) 3621 Þan sho toke þe preue sty Into þe toure ful hastily.
b. Alliterative phrase, by sty and street.
c1205Lay. 16366 Ten þusend Scottes he sende bi-halues þe hæðene to imete bi stiȝen & by straten. c1425Cast. Persev. 364 Leue hym nowth, but cum with me, be stye & strete! a1600Flodden F. ii. (1664) 18 He brought them on by stee and street.
▪ II. sty, n.2 north. dial.
Forms: 3–4 sti, 5 stegh, stiȝe, 5–7 stye, 5, 6, 9 stie, 8 steeigh, sty, 9 stey, 5– stee.
[a. ON. stige, stege wk. masc. (MSw. stighi, mod.Sw. stege, Da. stige), f. OTeut. root *stī̆ᵹ-: see sty v.1 Cf. OE. stiᵹe str. masc., ‘ascension’, MLG. stege fem. step, staircase, OHG. stega fem. (MHG. stege) step, staircase, ladder.
The Eng. word has always been confined to northern dialects showing strong Scandinavian influence. The form stee shows that the original form had a short i.]
A ladder.
a1300Cursor M. 3779 In slepe he sagh stand vp a sti, Fra his heued right to þe ski. a1400–50Wars Alex. 1437 Sum stepis vp on sties to þe stane wallis. c1440Alphabet of Tales 309 Sho..gatt a stye & clam vp at a hy wall to a wyndow of þe prison. c1440York Myst. xxxiv. 90 And sties also are ordande þore, With stalworthe steeles as mystir wore. Bothe some schorte and some lang. 1567–8in Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 114 To Mr. Watson for a great long stie, 8s. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 137 Our longe styes lye allsoe under this helme all winter. 1674Ray N.C. Words, A Stee: a ladder. c1746J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) View Lanc. Dial Wks. (1862) 44 We reeart th' Steeigh sawfly ogen th' Wough under th' Eawlhoyle. 1804J. Hodgson in Raine Life (1857) I. 25, I could always frighten them well by going a few steps up the stee and showing my black head. 1881Cornh. Mag. Jan. 126 Our Nancy's husband's brother fell off the stee.
b. attrib.
1483Cath. Angl. 360/2 A Stee staffe, scalare.
▪ III. sty, n.3|staɪ|
Pl. sties |staɪz|. Forms: 3 sti, 6, 7, 9 stie, 4– sty, stye.
[OE. stí (in comb. stí-fearh ‘sty-pig’), prob. identical with stiᵹ (ᵹ from j), ? hall (cf. stiᵹ-weard steward n.); corresp. to ON. stí neut., once (A'grip 26, 12th c.) in comb. svín-stí ‘swine-sty’ (Da. sti, svinsti; Norw. sti flock of sheep or goats, also ‘household work, esp. with regard to the feeding of the animals’; repr. OTeut. type *stijo-m, f. root *stī̆-: *stai-). A parallel formation, OTeut. *stijōn- wk. fem., is represented by ON. stía pen, fold, MSw. stía in svína stia (mod.Sw. svinstiga) and stíogalder ‘sty-pig’, MLG. stege, sty, MDu. stije, swijn-stije (mod.Du. stijg). Cf. also OHG. stîga (MHG. stîge, but also stîje) cattle-stall, which is perh. cognate, but influenced in form by derivatives of the root *stī̆ᵹ-: see sty n.1, sty v.1]
1. An enclosed place where swine are kept, usually a low shed with an uncovered fore-court, a pigsty.
a1225Ancr. R. 128 Nout ase swin ipund ine sti uorte uetten. c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 121 He groneth lyk oure boor lith in oure sty. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxiv. 154 Þai..liffez in lust and lyking of þe flesch, as a swyne fedd in stye. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 32 Put bore in stie For Hallontide nie. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. 13 There is also a thirde stie..for the fatting of my Porkes. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iv. xiii. 62 Shall I abide In this dull world, which in thy absence is No better then a Stye? 1615Chapman Odyss. xiv. 21 Euery Sty Had roome and vse, for fifty Swine to lye. 1688Holme Armoury ii. 181/2 A Stie is the out-courts, or limits of the Swine coat in which they walk and eat their Meat; but generally we call both the Cote and its outlet a Stie. 1725Pope Odyss. x. 459 She..hast'ning to the styes set wide the door, Urg'd forth, and drove the bristly herd before. 1864S. P. Fox Kingsbridge Estuary viii. 91 His wife went as usual to feed her pig... For some cause she entered the stye. 1882Jessopp Arcady ii. (1887) 33 The tottering old crone..can give the alarm if the pig is in danger of breaking out of the sty.
2. transf. and fig. in opprobrious uses.
a. A human habitation (or sleeping-place) no better than a pigsty.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. Handicrafts 363 Some others yet more gross Their homely Sties in stead of wals inclose. 1684Otway Atheist i. i, A foul-feeding Witch, that lived in a thatch'd Sty upon the neighb'ring Common. a1687Sir W. Petty Pol. Anat. Irel. (1691) 14 Local Wealth I understand to be the building of 168,000 small Stone-wall Houses..instead of the lamentable Sties now in use. 1712Motteux Quix. iii. ii. (1749) I. 115 By this time Sancho..was crept into his sty, where he did all he could to sleep. 1826Renton in Trans. Med.-Chirur. Soc. Edin. II. 376 The lower orders of the inhabitants, its principal victims, live huddled together in close and crowded sties.
b. An abode of bestial lust, or of moral pollution generally; a place inhabited or frequented by the morally degraded.
a1400Fest. Church 142 in Leg. Rood App. 215 Þenk on hellestynkyng stye, Where goostis brenin bynde. 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 36 On the one side of the Street a Cloyster of Virgins: on the other a stie of Courtizans. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iv. 94. 1640 Grimston Sp. Impeachment Abp. Laud (1641) 2 The Arch-Bishop of Canterbury..is the stye of all Pestilent filth, that hath infected the State, and Government of the Church and Common-wealth. 1645Milton Tetrach. 11 What is this but to abuse the sacred and misterious bed of marriage to be the compulsive stie of an ingratefull and malignant lust. 1648W. Jenkyn Blind Guide i. 5 Could more be said for the removall of any stewes or stie of sin? 1790Burke Refl. Fr. Rev. (ed. 2) 238 The painted booths and sordid sties of vice and luxury. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 403 But whatever our dramatists touched they tainted. In their imitations the houses of Calderon's stately and highspirited Castilian gentlemen became sties of vice. 1855Motley Dutch Rep. I. Introd. §14. 89 A people which had neither sunk to sleep in the lap of material prosperity, nor abased itself in the sty of ignorance and political servitude.
3. Comb.
1611Cotgr., Bacquier..a stye-fed hog. 1864Trevelyan Compet. Wallah (1866) 33 No pork appears on a Calcutta table except such as has been sty-fed. 1917Times 22 Mar. 7/2 French fields revive and the defilers flee Sty-ward driven back.
▪ IV. sty, n.4|staɪ|
[Prob. a back-formation from styany (interpreted as sty-on-eye). But cf. early mod.Du. stijghe (Kilian), WFris. stiich, Norw. stig.]
An inflammatory swelling on the eyelid.
1617Fletcher Mad Lover v. i, Fool. I have a Stye here, Chilax. Chi. I have no Gold to cure it. a1667Skinner Etymol. Ling. Angl., A Sty, (i.e.) Tumor Palpebræ Phlegmonodes. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 191 It cures the Sty in the Eye-Lids. 1823E. Moor Suffolk Words, Sty—or Styney, a troublesome little excresence or pimple on the eye-lid. 1835Marryat J. Faithful xvi, I hope your lordship's sty is better in your lordship's eye. 1902W. W. Jacobs Sunwich Port v. 44 You've got a sty coming on your eye.
▪ V. † sty, v.1 Obs.
Forms: see below; also with prefix 1 ᵹe-, 2–3 i-.
[OE. stíᵹan (stáh, stiᵹun, stiᵹen), a Com. Teut. str. vb. corresponding to OFris. stîga, OS. stîgan, MDu. stîghen (mod.Du. stîjgen), OHG. stîgan (MHG. stîgen, mod.G. steigen), ON. stíga (MSw. stîgha, mod.Sw. stiga, Da. stige), Goth. steigan:—OTeut. *stī̆ᵹ- (: *staiᵹ-):—Indogermanic *steigh- (: *stoigh- *stigh-) to go, represented by Skr. *stigh to step, stride, Gr. στείχειν to go, στοῖχος, στίχος a row, line, L. ve-stīgium footstep, trace.
Of the weak inflexion a doubtful trace appears in ONorthumbrian; otherwise it has not been found earlier than the 13th c.]
A. Inflexional Forms.
1. inf. and pres. stem. 1 stíᵹan, North, stíᵹe, 2–5 stiȝe-n, (2–3 Orm. stiȝhenn), 3 stihe-n, 4–5 styȝe, 3–4 stighe, 4 stiyhe, north. steich, 5–7 stygh, 3 steo, ste-n, 3–4 stei(e, 5–6 stey, 5 stey-yn, 4–5 stegh, 4 steȝe, steye, steyȝ(e, (6 stee), 2–7 stie, 4–7 stye, 5–7 sty.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xx. 18 Heonu we stiᵹes vel we scilon stiᵹe [Vulg. ecce ascendimus]. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 111 Siððen he is buuen alle heȝnesse hwider sholde he stiȝe. Ibid. 145 Ure drihten wolde..deð þolien and arisen of deaðe and to heuene stie. a1240Ureisun in O.E. Hom. I. 201 Ne wene nomon to stihen wið este to þe steorren. a1250Five Joys in Rel. Ant. I. 49 [Þou] iseie him in to heuene sten. c1250Long Life 38 in O.E. Misc. 158 Weilawei deþ þe schal adun þrowe þer þu wenest heȝest to steo. 13..Bonaventura's Medit. 208 He ros fro deþ to heuene to stye. c1315Shoreham Poems v. 252 Hi seȝ ihesus..Op in-to heuene steȝe. a1325Prose Psalter cxxxviii. 7 [cxxxix. 8] Ȝif ich steiȝe to heuen þou art þer. a1340Hampole Psalter xxiii. 3 Who sall stegh in þe hill of lord. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. ix. (1886) 69 O fadyr yiue thow to the thowht to styen vp in to the streyte sete. c1440Promp. Parv. 473/1 Steyyn vp, scando, ascendo. c1450Mirk's Festial 153 When þay seen hym..bodyly stey vp wyth soo gret multitude of angeles. 1460–70Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 229 Take þi crosse to þee, and folewe me, If þou wolt to my blis up stiȝe. a1500Chester Pl., Ascension 96 You shall haue here my Blessinge for to heaven I must stye. 1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 234 Lightest phantasies that sty abooue the highest region of the cloudes. 1605R. B. Commend. Verses in Verstegan's Dec. Intell., Industrious then Verstiegan forwards stygh, Raise vp thy nations ancient woorthy fame.
b. 3rd pers. sing. pres. 1 stíᵹeþ, stíᵹþ, stíhþ, 3 stiheð, stihð, styhð, 4 stegth, steþ, 4–5 styeþ, 6 stithe, 7 sties.
c888[see B 1]. a1000Boeth. Metr. xiii. 61 His [sc. the sun] ofer moncyn stihð á upweardes. a1225Ancr. R. 216 Uor stench stihð uppard. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2288 Up to the halle rof he stegth. c1320Cast. Love 1490 Þat from heuene com, to heuene he steþ. c1400Erthe upon Erthe App. i. 42 Wanne eorthe ouer eorthe þorw prude styeþ. a1535More Fortune 111 in Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 75 He holdeth faste, but vpward as he stithe, She whippeth her whele abowt, & þer he lieth. 1613J. Davies (Heref.) Muse's Tears E 2 b, And, (as a Flame) she still, by Nature, sties Where her Originall reposed lies.
2. pa. tense.
a. sing. (α) 1 stáᵹ, stáh, 2–3 stah, steah, steh, steȝ, steȝh, 3 stawe, 2–4 steiȝ, 3–5 stegh, stey, 4 steigh, steyȝ, steegh, steaȝ (Kent.), steeȝ, steghe, steye, steyȝe, stehe, steiȝe, steihe, styh, stih, sti, 4–5 stigh, 5 stygh, sty.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xix. 4 He stah up on an treow. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 3 Seðen ure louerd ihesu crist steh to heuene. Ibid. 23 Þo he steah to heuene. Ibid. 165 Þreo siðes steȝh þis holie maiden. c1200Ormin 5987 He stah upp till heoffne. a1225Ancr. R. 250 Þoa he steih into heouene. c1275Five Joys 26 in O.E. Misc. 88 Þo þi sone to heouene steyh. a1300Fall & Pass. 107 in E.E.P. (1862) 15 An after he steiȝ to heuen aboue. a1300Cursor M. 19009 (Edin.) Til heuin he steich. Ibid. 22723 Til heuin he stehe. 13..K. Alis. 5827 The Kyng..steegh [Laud MS. steeȝ] on the wal. c1315Shoreham Poems i. 50 Heron ihesus stawe vppe bi-fore. a1325Prose Psalter xlvi[i]. 5 God steȝ up in swete songe. 1340Ayenb. 13 He..steaȝ into heuene. c1375Lay-Folks Mass-Bk. (MS. B.) 225 He stegh til heuen. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 113 Out of þat mount Crist steihe vp into heuene. 1390Gower Conf. I. 273 He styh up to his fader. c1394P. Pl. Crede 810 He steiȝ vp to heuene. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 4 He steye in till Heuen. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxiv. 219 Þi sone in to heuene stih. 1400Gower To Hen. IV 176 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 9 Er Crist..stigh to hevene. a1400–50Wars Alex. 3467 He þat stiȝe to þe sternes. c1400Mandeville (1839) viii. 96 Fro that Mount, steighe..Jesu Crist to Hevene. c1430Hoccleve New Ploughman's T. 114 Shee vp to heuene ascendid up and sty. c1440Floriz & Bl. 892 Vp in to þe Toure he steyȝ. a1450Myrc Par. Pr. 518 Cryst..Stegh in-to heuene.
(β) weak forms. 1 north. ? stiᵹade, 3–5 stide, 4–5 stiede, (4 sticht Sc.), 4 stiȝ-, styȝede, stighede, steȝede, steiȝed, -ide, styede, steiede, 5 steyt, 5 steyv(u)d, 5–6 steyyid, steyde, 6 steyed, 4–6 styed, 5–6 stied.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John v. 4 Of dune staᵹade [? for stiᵹade]. c1275Lay. 10737 Þe eorl..letten louke þe ȝates and stide to walle. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints l. (Catherine) 759, & sayand þis, he sticht in hewyn with mekill Ioy & angelis stewyne. 1382Wyclif Prov. xxi. 22 The wise man steȝede vp. ― Matt. xiv. 23 He steiȝide [1388 stiede] vp in to an hill aloone for to preye. ― Luke xix. 4 And he rennynge bifore, stiȝede in to a sycamoure tree.c1400Beryn 1592 A marynere..Styed in-to the topcastell. c1436Libel Engl. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 204 He that..came frome hevyne, and stiede up with our nature. c1450Mirk's Festial 152 He..steȝt vp ynto Heuen. Ibid. 154 Þus..Crist steyd ynto Heuen. c1450Godstow Reg. 7 He stied to heuen. c1460Play Sacram. 423 How he styed by hys own powre. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1341 He steyyd to hevyn. 1492Ryman Poems xlvi. 7 in Archiv Stud. neu. Spr. LXXXIX. 213 He..rose ayene..and to blis steyde. a1500Adrian & Epotys 342 in Brome Bk. 36 He steyed to heuyn. Ibid. 446, 40 And yn to heuyn he steyyud [printed steyynd]. 1557T. Phaer æneid v. (1558) O iij, He spake, and thynne from sight as smoke, in skyes disperst he styed.
(γ) 5 steut.
c1450Mirk's Festial 232 Yn to þe tyme þat he steut ynto Heuen.
b. 2nd pers. sing. 3 stihe, stuhe, 4 stehe, stey, stei, 5 stiȝ.
a1225Juliana 62 Þu..stihe [Bodl. MS. stuhe] abuuen þe steorren to þe heste heouene. a1300Cursor M. 25580 Þat ilk time til heuen stei [Fairf. MS. stey] þou,..suete iesu! a1310in Wright Lyric P. xxv. 69 Jhesu, for love thou stehe on rode. c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 102 Þou stiȝ to heuen in þi manhede.
c. pl. (α) 1 stiᵹon, -un, steoᵹun, 2–3 stiȝen, 4 styȝe, stowe(n.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1375 Sæs up stiᵹon ofer stæþweallas. c1205Lay. 26005 Ouer þan watere heo comen..& stiȝen up þan hulle. 13..King Alis. 1209 They into the walles stowe. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 389 Summe styȝe to a stud & stared to þe heuen.
(β) weak forms. 4 styeden, stiȝeden, stei-, steyden, 4–5 stieden, 5 stiden, 6 (as sing.).
1382Wyclif Exod. xiii. 18 And armed steyden vp [1388 stieden] the sones of Yrael. c1400Destr. Troy 4948 Two chere men..Stiden vpon stithe horse. 1449Pecock Repr. ii. xviii. 259 The vij kijn thynne and leene, whiche stieden up after tho. 1503Hawes Examp. Virt. xiv. 288 To heuen we styed a place moost gloryous.
3. pa. pple. (α) strong forms. 1 stiȝen, 2–3 Orm. stiȝhenn, 3 i-stihe(n, 2–4 stoȝen, 3–4 stei (north. steich), 4 stiȝe, steie.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 107 For he mai findan fele þe beoð bet iþoȝen and istoȝen þene he. c1200Ormin 8488 Affterr þatt daȝȝ þatt Crist himm sellf Wass stiȝhenn upp till heoffne. a1300Cursor M. 20908 (Edin.) Seix and xxx winter euin fra ihesu criste was steich [Cott. MS. stei] till heuin. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5027 By þat were stoȝen vp wyþ vygour An hundren Sarsyns oppon þe tour. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 227 Oo Kyng of bliss, Lord of vertues, þat..art þis day i-steie up above alle hevenes.
(β) weak forms. 4 steied(e, steyed, -id, stiȝed, styȝed, 5 steȝid, steyt, styet, steyut, (steuet), 5–6 styed, 4–6 stied.
c1375Cursor M. 20831 (Fairf.) Ofter [sic] hir sone til heiuen was steyed. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 25 Aftir þat Crist was steied to hevene. c1400Three Kings Cologne (1886) 31 Aftir tyme þat oure lord was styed vp into heuene. c1450Mirk's Festial 27 Whan Cryst was styet vp into Heuen. Ibid. 159 When our Lord Crist was steyut ynto Heuen, his dyscyples wern in care and mornyng. Ibid. 232 Aftyr þat hur sonne was steuet ynto Heuen. Ibid. 262 Tyll he was steyt vp ynto Heuen. 1583B. Melbancke Philotimus R ij, When thou haste..stied to the seate of my dignitie. 1587Golding De Mornay i. (1592) 5 As from the Earth we haue styed up to the aire.
B. Signification.
1. intr. To ascend, mount up, rise or climb to a higher level. Said of persons and things. Also fig. Often with up, upwards.
Often used of the ascension of Christ or of Elijah (for examples see A). In the last quarter of the 16th c. the verb survived only as a literary archaism, and in the 17th c. it became wholly obsolete.
c825Vesp. Psalter lxvii. 19 Stiᵹende in heanisse [L. ascendens in altum]. c888ælfred Boeth. xxv, Eft heo [sc. the sun] secð hire ᵹecynde & stiᵹð on þa dæᵹlan weᵹas wið hire uprynæs. c1175Lamb. Hom. 5 Heo stiȝen uppeon þe godes cunnes treowe & nomen þa twigga. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 217 An ȝerd sal spruten of iesse more and an blosme stien of þare more. c1200Ormin 10673, & forrþrihht alls he fullhtnedd wass He stah uppo þe strande. Ibid. 11827 Ȝiff aniȝ mann uss læreþþ, To stiȝhenn upp till haliȝ lif & upp till heȝhe mahhtess. a1225St. Marher. 13 Þe stench þæt of þi muð stiheð. c1250Owl & Night. 1405 Þe gost..styhþ on heyh þur modynesse. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6579 It [sc. the tide] watte is brech al aboute & euere vpward it stey. a1300Fall & Pass. 9 in E.E.P. (1862) 13 Þo lucifer steiȝ in pride. 13..Bonaventura's Medit. 635 Cryst Ihesu hys body vpp stey, By þat short ladder, þat cros an hy. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8341 Þe lowe was mikel, & vp-ward stey, So þat hit in to þe castel fley, & vp in to þe tour hit went. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. vi. (1868) 143 Whan þou art wel refresshed..þou shalt ben more stedfast to stye in to heyere questiouns. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 191 But mannus foly & pride stieþ vp euere more & more in þis veyn nouelrie. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. i. (Skeat) 45 Steyers to steye on is none. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 73 Moistures styen vp to þe croppys of trees and to þe heuedys of braunches. c1450Godstow Reg. 4 That we may stye and glorified be Where crist is kyng þat dyed on tre. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye ii. 172 And oute of the rowte therof shal stye vp a flowre. c1530Judic. Urines ii. xiv. 45 b, Coler..styeth vp & puttet hym selfe in to the vterest partis of the body. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 9 The womb passage..takith his begynnyng at the passage port: and from thense styeth..right vpward vnder y⊇ share bone. 1567Golding Ovid's Met. v. 319 Till now that she [Pallas] did stie From Seriph in a hollow cloud. 1583― Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 135 Their wit styeth not high. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 25 The beast..Thought with his winges to stye above the ground. 1590― Muiop. 42 From this lower tract he dar'd to stie Up to the clowdes. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden Q 4 b, These great men..had seperately contended to outstrip Pindarus in his Olympicis, and sty aloft to the highest pitch. 1599Peele David & Bethsabe xv. 125 The eagle..is emboldened With eyes intentive to bedare the sun, And styeth close unto his stately sphere. 1601Verstegan Odes Imit. Penit. Ps. etc. 92 And as her feet did trauaile on the ground, Her inward mynde did vp to heauen stie. 1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 382 Led along, as some Creatures are, by the Noses, and voluntarily hood-winked: or like seeled Doues, stye vp, you know not whither, nor how farre. 1652Benlowes Theoph. vi. xviii, That She might stye to th' Seat of Beatifick Mirth!
2. To climb over something.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 2388 ‘Maubyn,’ saide þe Amyral ‘wolt þou hit vndertake, To steȝe out ouer þe castel wal.’ 1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xiii. 23 Forsothe the stacioun of Philistym went out, for to stye ouer into aspijs to fiȝt.
3. With down adv., or other contextual indication: To descend. Also gen. to ascend or descend.
c825Vesp. Hymns iii. 21 Ða ofdune steoᵹun in seað [L. qui descendunt in lacum]. c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark xiii. 15 Se þe is ofer þecone ne stiᵹe he on his hus. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 111 Erest he steȝ neoðer and siðen on hegh. c1200Ormin 16700 Wiþþutenn himm þatt stah forr menn Off heffne dun till erþe. a1300E.E. Psalter xxi. 30 In his sight sal be falland Alle þat doune stighen in land [Vulg. qui descendunt in terram].
4. trans.
a. To ascend, climb up (a hill).
1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (1495) 129 Wherof some wold haue styed the mountayn.
b. To convey up hill.
1511Sir R. Guylforde Pilgr. (Camden) 80 At the sayd Noualassa we toke moyles to stey us vp the mountayne.
▪ VI. sty, v.2|staɪ|
Also stye.
[OE. stiᵹian, f. stiᵹ, stí sty n. Cf. ON. stía.]
1. trans. To place or confine (swine) in a sty. Also with up.
a1100Gerefa in Anglia IX. 262 Swyn stiᵹian. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 40 At Mihelmas safely go stie vp thy Bore. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. v. xvi. 96 First, you shall stie vp those Swine which you intend to feede. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. viii. 67 As for the common way of brawning Bores, by stying them up in so close a room that they cannot turn themselves round about. 1674Flatman Belly God 76 The Hampshire Hog with Pease and Whey that's fed Sti'd up, is neither good alive nor dead. 1725Bradley's Family Dict. s.v. Swine, In Champain Countries they must sty up thin Hogs. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped xvi, The inn..was the most beggarly vile place that ever pigs were styed in. 1899Lumsden Edin. Poems 108 The times wad be amiss When I styed here my soo.
b. transf. To confine as in a sty; to place in narrow and uncomfortable quarters; to pen up.
1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 342 And here you sty me In this hard Rocke, whiles you doe keepe from me The rest o' th' Island. 1622Massinger & Dekker Virg. Mart. v. i, Bandogs (kept three dayes hungry) worried 1000. British Rascals, styed vp, fat Of purpose. 1646Trapp Comm. John xxi. 2, 144 God dwels in the Assembly of Saints: shall we, like Stoicks stie up our selves, and not daily runne into their company?
2. intr. To share a sty with; to dwell as in a sty.
1748Richardson Clarissa (1768) VIII. 61 What woman..did she know what miry wallowers the generality of men of our class are in themselves, and constantly trough and sty with, but would [etc.]. 1829Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Administr. (1837) I. 283 See in your public estate too the havoc the pigs make,..who..devour your cabbages,..stye in your house, and grunt in your Parliament. 1894H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Rom. 145 A nice piggery for successful squatters to sty in, I must say.
Hence styed ppl. a., set in a sty.
1829E. Elliott Village Patriarch iii. ix, Yet, unlike thee Is minion'd Erin's sty'd and root-fed clown.
▪ VII. sty, stye, int. Sc. and north.|staɪ|
Chiefly in to say (or know) neither buff nor stye: see buff n.5 A. b.
a1750–1824: see buff n.5 A. b. 1823Galt Entail li, He was clean dementit at that time,..he would neither buff nor stye for father nor mother, friend nor foe. 1885‘J. Strathesk’ More Bits Blinkbonny i. 5 Ye can neither make buff nor stye o' them. |