| 释义 |
forsake, v.|fəˈseɪk|
Pa. tense forsook |fəˈsʊk|. Pa. pple. forsaken |fəˈseɪk(ə)n|. Forms: pres. tense 1 forsace, (Northumb. foresacco), 2–3 south. vorsake, (fursake, 4 south. vorsake, forsak, 6 forsayke), 2– forsake. pa. tense 1 forsóc, 3–4 forso(c)k, south. vorsoc, -k, 3–6 forsoke, (4 forsuk(e, 6 foresoke), 6–7 forsooke, 4– forsook; also 7 weak form forsaked. pa. pple. 1 forsacen, 3–4 fursake(n, forsakin, -yn, 3 forsoc, 4–6 forsake, 6–9 forsook(e, (7 forsoken), 3– forsaken; weak forms 3–4 forsaked, -id.
[OE. forsacan, f. for- prefix1 + sacan to contend, dispute, deny; cf. OS. forsakan (Du. verzaken), OHG. firsahhan to deny, repudiate, renounce.]
†1. trans. To deny (an accusation, an alleged fact, etc.). Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1767 Stalðe ic for-sake. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 473 Ȝuf eni clerc as felon were itake, & vor felon iproued, & ne miȝte it noȝt uorsake. c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. iv. 27 (Camb. MS.), I ne may nat for-sake the ryht swyfte cours of my prosperite. 1389Serm. (MS. Helm.), Þei [Ananie and Safira] forsoken to Petir here monei þat þei hadden. c1440Promp. Parv. 172/2 Forsakyn, and denyyn, abnego. c15111st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 31/1 They forsake that maria is the moder of god.
†b. To deny knowledge of (a person). Obs.
c1340Cursor M. 15997 (Trin.) Petur..had forsake his lord þries on a rowe. c1400Mandeville (1839) viii. 91 Seynt Peter forsoke our Lord thries.
†c. To deny, renounce, or repudiate allegiance to (God, a lord, etc.). Also rarely, forsake to.
a1225Juliana 33 Mi feader & mi moder for þi þat ich nule þe forsaken; habbe forsake me. a1300Cursor M. 22205 Þan sal all þaa..Es funden lele in cristen lai, Oither to iesu crist for-sake, Or underli sa wraful wrake. Ibid. 25149 Wicked man, þat godd forsakes. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 81 b/2 For we haue not folowed the synne of our fadres that forsoken theyr God. 1537Bury Wills (Camden) 131, I forsake the Bysshoppe of Romes vsurpyt pouer.
†d. To ‘deny’ (oneself); = deny v. 7. Obs.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 145 Forsake him seolf, and bere his rode. c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) i. xlii, Who soo wyll come after me, forsake hymself. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 80 As renouncing and forsaking mee selfe.
†2. To decline or refuse (something offered). With simple obj. or to and inf. Obs.
a800Corpus Gloss. 650 Detractauit, forsooc. c893K. ælfred Oros. ii. iv. §2 An consul..forsoc þone triumphan. a1000Laws Edgar ii. §8 Þone [mynet] nan man ne forsace. a1225Juliana 11 Sei me hwi þu forsakest þi sy & ti selhðe. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 411 Roberd hym byþoȝte..þat yt was wel gret trauayl, to be kyng of þulke lond..War þoru he..vorsoc yt al out. c1375Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B) 250 Þai offerd gold ensense & myrre, and þou forsoke none of þirre. 1395E.E. Wills (1882) 9 My sone and..his wif haue forsake to be myne executours. 1470–85Malory Arthur vi. xviii, The thre knyghtes..yelded hem vnto syr kay and sir kay forsoke hem and said he foughte neuer with hem. 1593Greene News fr. Heaven & Hell D iij b, This Brick-layer who forsooke to goe into Heauen because his wife was there. 1605Camden Rem. (1637) 275 He..forsooke a right worshipful roome when it was offered to him. [1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 335 He..forsakes his Food.]
absol.1382Wyclif Prov. i. 24, I clepede, and ȝee forsoken.
†b. To decline or refuse to bear, encounter, have to do with, undertake; to avoid, shun. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 182 Nolde me tellen him alre monne dusiȝest, þet forsoke enne buffet, uor one speres wunde. 1375Barbour Bruce xiv. 315 Na multitud he forsuk of men, Quhill he hade ane aganis ten. 1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 54 Qwo-so be chosen..& he forsake his offyce he xal paye..iijs. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. lxiii. (Tollem. MS.), A noþer kynde of magnas, þat forsakeþ yren and dryueþ it awey. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 173 If a leche be in straunge cuntre..he schal forsake alle maner of curis þat ben harde to do. 1573Tusser Husb. (1580) 81 Hanging on the Crosse, no shame he did forsake. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 33 We followe libertie, and forsake servitude.
†c. To refuse respect or obedience to (a command, duty, etc.); to disregard. Also, to neglect (to do something). Obs.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 111 Swa saul þe king dude þe forsech godes heste. a1300Cursor M. 6523 Sum of þaim þis fast forsoke. Ibid. 28246 Ic for-soke oft to kyrk at ga. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4406 Al þas men..Þat sal forsake to wirk Cristes werk. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 273 Þe kynges knyȝes..forsook Clito his faire byhestes.
3. To give up, renounce.
a. To give up, part with, surrender (esp. something dear or valued). Passing into sense 4.
c893K. ælfred Oros. i. xii. §3 He þæt wæs eall forsacende. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 147 Hie forsoken þe wereld and eorðliche wele. a1240Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 195 Vor þine luue ich uorsoc al þet me leof was. a1300Cursor M. 23045 Þaa þat..al þis werld welth forsok. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xix. 88 He hase forsaken wyf and childer and all þe ricches..of þe werld. 1582Bentley Mon. Matrones ii. 12, I rather did forsake my right than to behold such cruelnesse. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. ix. 12 b, Forsaking the name of a Captayne any longer, caused himselfe to be called king. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 157 For himself himself he must forsake. 1781Cowper Hope 585 Forsaking country, kindred, friends.
b. To break off from, renounce (an employment, design, esp. an evil practice or sin; also, a belief, doctrine). † Till 17th c. occas. with inf. as object.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 81 He scal his sunne uor-saken. c1200Vices & Virtues (1888) 23 Nu ðurh godes grace þu hes hafst forsaken. c1305St. Andrew 6 in E.E.P. (1862) 98 Þis oþere here nettes gonne forsake. 1382Wyclif Heb. x. 25 Not forsakynge oure gederinge to gidere, as it is of custom to sum men. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 42 Þe emperour..forsuke Cristen fayth. 1401Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 49 Who wil allege the temple for glorie of our chirche, fforsake he to be cristen. c1460Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 236 Vertu, godede, & almisdede, arn al for-sake. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer (Baptism), Doest thou forsake the deuill and all his workes? 1558Bp. Watson Sev. Sacram. xxix. 186 He must forsake to dwel with hys father and mother. 1601Chester Love's Mart., Dialogue ccxvii, Haue I forsooke to bathe me in the flouds. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 218 Streighten'd by my Space, I must forsake This Task. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 140 We were forc'd to forsake our intended visit. 1844Stanley Arnold (1858) II. viii. 14 Nor that the doctrine of Christ crucified has been so forsaken. 1894J. T. Fowler Adamnan Introd. 56 The southern Picts..had forsaken idolatry.
4. To abandon, leave entirely, withdraw from; esp. to withdraw one's presence and help or companionship from; to desert. † to forsake patch: ? to quit the spot.
a1300Cursor M. 1228 He þaim for-soke in al þer nedis. a1340Hampole Psalter vi. 7 Til whaim now he spekis forsakand þaire felaghschip. c1386Chaucer Friar's T. 224, I wol holde company with the, Til it be so that thou forsake me. c1422Hoccleve Learn to Die 506 Forsake y am, frendshipe y can noon fynde. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxi. 461 Whan mawgys sawe that they forsoke the place, he followed theym not. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cxxxviii. 516 They..forsoke theyr horses on the see syde. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Matrimony, And forsaking all other kepe thee only to her. 1602Carew Cornwall 135 a, The Foy men gave them so rough entertaynment at their welcome, that they were glad to forsake patch, without bidding farewell. 1674Martiniere Voy. N. Countries 64 The night forsook us quite, the Sun continuing always in our sight. 1713Addison Cato ii. vi, Thou hast forsook Thy Juba's cause. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 318 Larks..forsake that climate in winter. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague ii. iv, I implored her to forsake the city. 1833L. Ritchie Wand. by Loire 115 The road forsakes the river. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 71 This passion..though it begin with the young, yet forsakes not the old. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxvii. 197 It [a hut] was forsaken, and half buried in the snow. 1881Jowett Thucyd. I. 45 Those who forsake allies whom they have sworn to defend.
absol.a1839Praed Poems (1864) I. 363 He'll learn to flatter and forsake. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 100 If thou forsake, we verily do the same.
†b. Of things: To fail, disappoint the hopes of. Obs.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6 The corruptyble rychesse of this worlde..forsaketh and deceyueth him whan he weneth best. 1610Bp. Carleton Jurisd. v. 73 It is not to be marueiled, if the truth of Religion afterward forsaked them. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 361 Their food..never forsakes them in those warm latitudes. |