| 释义 |
transforˈmational, a.
[f. transformation + -al1.]
Of or pertaining to transformation; spec. in Linguistics, of or pertaining to a transformation or transformations (sense 3 j); (more fully transformational-generative adj.) designating, of, or pertaining to a linguistic model or method of analysis based on the generation of surface structures from underlying structures by transformations; cf. generative a. 2 b and TG s.v. T 6 a.
1894Athenæum 10 Nov. 646/2 The distinction between ‘combinational’ and ‘transformational’ theories of experience. 1955N. Chomsky (title of Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Pennsylvania) Transformational analysis. 1957― Syntactic Structures (1962) v. 46 Corresponding to the level of phrase structure, a grammar has a sequence of rules of the form X→Y, and corresponding to lower levels it has a sequence of morphophonemic rules of the same basic form. Linking these two sequences, it has a sequence of transformational rules. Ibid. ix. 101 The similarity between active-passive, negation, declarative-interrogative, and other transformational relations would not have come to light if the active-passive relation had been investigated exclusively in terms of such notions as synonymity. 1961P. H. Matthews in Archivum Linguisticum XIII. 196 (heading) Transformational grammar. 1963F. G. Lounsbury in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 48 One result of transformational analysis..is to lead linguistics a step closer to a general model for the syntax of language. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics p. xviii, One of the most striking developments in linguistics in the last few years has been the increasing recognition of the transformational model of linguistic statement. Ibid. p. xix, Some transformationalists, as the adherents of transformational-generative grammar are called. 1964E. A. Nida Toward Sci. Transl. iv. 60 There are some psychological confirmations of transformational theory which seem to have special significance. 1965N.Y. Times 29 Dec. 32 Transformational grammar grew in part from M.I.T. computer experiments to produce mechanical translations of foreign languages. 1966T. F. Mitchell in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 354 One cannot help but be puzzled by the refusal of American transformational-generative grammarians to incorporate in their valuable work collocational study of the kind envisaged here. 1966Y. Bar-Hillel in Automatic Transl. of Lang. (NATO Summer School, Venice, 1962) 7 Transformational grammars seem to have a much better chance of being both adequate and practical. Ibid. 12 The fifth aspect of syntactic complexity is, then, transformational history. 1967[see generativist]. 1968Chomsky & Halle Sound Pattern Eng. ii. 15 These observations suggest a general principle for the application of rules of the phonological component, namely, what we shall call the principle of the ‘transformational cycle’. 1972Language XLVIII. 442 Arens fails to show..the essential ideas and assumptions underlying transformational-generative theory. 1973Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 220 The discussion of Middle English grammar and phonology is based on a transformational-generative view of language. 1973Archivum Linguisticum IV. 35 Presumably, in transformational terms, transitive, intransitive, perfective, imperfective..are here surface structure categories. 1976J. Hooper Introd. Natural Generative Phonol. i. 4 The phonological rules..apply in sequential order... Each rule may apply only once, and is assigned a particular place in the sequence or is said to be ordered with respect to other rules. The theory with this general form will be referred to as transformational generative phonology. 1977Dædalus Fall 119 The proper division of theoretical labor between rewriting and transformational rules (in particular, how to limit the power of the transformational rules in intuitively reasonable ways) has been a central concern of those who have worked with this conception of grammar. 1980Word 1979 XXX. 132 Some degree of exposure to transformational-generative grammar, case grammar and other theoretical approaches is evident in several [Vietnamese] works. 1980Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XXV. i. 1 The standard theory referred to as transformational generative phonology. 1980English World-Wide I. i. 133 Transformational grammar has shown itself unable to handle the problem of the description of varieties which are as apparent in the 16th and 17th centuries as at the present day.
Hence in Linguistics: transforˈmationalism, transformational theory; transforˈmationalist n., an adherent of transformational theory; also attrib. or as adj.; transforˈmationally adv., by means of transformation(s), according to transformational rules.
1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 240 These attributives can be related transformationally to predications. 1964E. Bach Introd. Transformational Gram. viii. 187 The transformationalists have provided elegant and powerful tools for the description of particular languages. 1969Neuphilologische Mitteilungen LXX. 221 Chomskyan transformationalism rejects a scientific approach for an anti-scientific one. 1973Amer. Speech 1970 XLV. 125 A question that challenged the structuralist linguistic theory..and that seems no more amenable to a transformationalist solution. 1976Archivum Linguisticum VII. 155 It is interestingly novel, however, within the framework of contemporary transformationalism in America. 1977Dædalus Fall 119 If the interrogative sentence ‘Are the men here?’ is derived transformationally from the phrase structure underlying the declarative sentence ‘The men are here’, it would seem to imply that a speaker first thinks of the declarative sentence and then transforms it into the interrogative form. 1978Language LIV. 174 Raimo Anttila's ‘Revelation as linguistic revolution’..reads like an extemporaneous sermon on the wickedness of the transformationalists. 1980English World-Wide I. 268 The neglect of the results of earlier scholarship on the part of young linguists, especially of the transformationalist school. |