| 释义 |
▪ I. † forˈbid, n. Obs. rare.
[f. next vb.]
A forbidding. (Cf. forbode n.)
1602W. Watson Decacordon 338 For what is more innouate preposterous, and beyond all gods forbid, then this new fanglenes in you to prefer [etc.]. 1740Cheyne Regimen ii. 72 With what an evident Forbid, the Jewish Law directs this permit of animal Food.
▪ II. forbid, v.|fəˈbɪd|
Pa. tense forbad, forbade |-ˈbæd|; pa. pple. forbidden |-ˈbɪd(ə)n|. Forms: inf. 1–2 forbéodan (north. forbéada), 2–4 forbeoden, 3–5 forbede(n, -yn, (4 -bedd, -beed, 5 -bidde, -bide, -byde), 4–6 Sc. forbeid, (7 forbidd), 4– forbid. pa. tense 1 forbéad, 2–3 forbead, (3 -bæd, -bet(t), 3–5 forbed(e, forbode, (4 -baad, -badde, -bed, -beed), 5 -bat (6, 7 -bod(de), 6–8 forbid, 4– forbad, forbade. pa. pple. 1 forboden, 3–6 forbode(n, (5 -bade, -bed(e), 5–8 forbod(de(n, 6–9 forbid, 6– forbidden. Also weak pa. tense 4 forbedde, -bedid, pa. pple. 5 forbedd.
[OE. forbéodan, pa. tense forbéad, pl. -budon, pa. pple. forboden, f. for- prefix1 + béodan to bid; = OFris. forbiada, Du. verbieden, OHG. far-, forpiotan (MHG. and Ger. verbieten), Goth. faurbiudan. Cf. ON. fyrirbióða.]
1. trans. To command (a person or persons) not to do, have, use, or indulge in (something), or not to enter (a place); to prohibit. In many diverse constructions.
a. with double object, of the person (orig. dat.), and of the thing prohibited. Also in pass. with either the person or the thing as subject; in the latter case, the indirect obj., if a n., is preceded by to.
O.E. Chron. an. 1048 And cwæð þet se papa hit him for⁓boden hæfde. a1175Cott. Hom. 223 Hwi for-bead ȝeu god þes trowes westm. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2984 Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead. a1300Cursor M. 13029 (Cott.) He for⁓bedd him þat womman. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9158 He..Þat þeym þe lond furst furbed. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 519 Forbeed us thing, and that desire we. c1394P. Pl. Crede 769 God wold..fals freres [were] forboden þe fayre ladis chaumbres! 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 21 That is forboden vs by holy chirche. 1529Rastell Pastyme, Hist. Rom. (1811) 29 It was ordeynyd that preestis Grekes myght haue wyfis, which to preestis Latens was forboden. 1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 164 To be forbid the sweets that seemes so good. 1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 20 There be some other Interuals, very rare, and forbidden to yong beginners. 1697Dryden æneid vi. 760 The chaste and holy Race Are all forbidden this polluted Place. 1710Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Burnet 20 July, My sex is usually forbid studies of this nature. 1793Cowper On Spaniel Beau ii, Against my orders, whom you heard Forbidding you the prey. 1838Lytton Leila i. ii, When strength and courage are forbid me. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 351 The archbishop..had long been forbidden the court. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. iv. 187 Their [the Turks'] religion forbids them every sort of painting. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. vi, Will you forbid him the house where I know he is safe?
b. with personal object (in OE. either dat. or acc.) and an infinitive (formerly with for to; rarely without to) as second object.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xix. 14 Nelle ᵹe hiᵹ for-beodan cuman to me. c1200Ormin 6499 Till Herode king onnȝænn He þeȝȝm forrbæd to turrnenn. a1225Ancr. R. 54 Þe eppel þæt ich loke on is forbode me to etene, & nout forto biholden. 1382Wyclif Acts xvi. 6 Thei..weren forbodyn of the Hooly Gost for to speke the word of God in Asya. c1450tr. De Imitatione i. xxv, He lackiþ inwarde comfort, & he is forboden to seke eny outwarde. 1562W. Bullein Dial. Soarnes & Chir. 42 b, We be also forboden to use repercussiues. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 427 You may as well Forbid the Sea for to obey the Moone. a1618J. Davies Wits Pilgr. (Grosart) 19/1 But..I am forbod..to tell it you. 1817Ld. Ellenborough in Maule & Selwyn Rep. VI. 316 He distinctly forbids the defendants to accept any more of their drafts.
†c. with personal obj. and negative clause. Obs.
O.E. Chron. an. 675 Swa ic for beode þe and ealle þe biscopas þe æfter ðe cumon..þæt ᵹe nan onsting ne hauen of þæt mynstre. a1225Ancr. R. 256 Ich forbeode ou þet non of ou ne ileue þes deofles sondesmon. c1275Passion 581 in O.E. Misc. 53 Iesus..hire þo for-bed, Þat heo attryne ne scolde his honde ne his fet. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 85 By þese trees þe grete kyng Alexander was forbode, þat he schulde neuere come in Babylon. 1599Shakes. Pass. Pilgr. 124 She silly Queene..Forbad the boy he should not passe those grounds.
d. with omission of personal object, and with the thing prohibited expressed (a) by n. or pron. († const. from); (b) by an infinitive; (c) by an obj.-sentence (in early use with a negative, which the later idiom omits); (d) by object and infinitive.
(a)c1175Lamb. Hom. 115 He scal..heordom for-beodan. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Þe holie boc hit forbet. 1340Ayenb. 8 Ine þis heste ys uorbede zenne of hate. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. i. in Ashm. (1652) 15 Almighty God From Great Doctours hath this Science forbod. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 78 b, Wyne is not to be forboden. 1671Lady M. Bertie in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 23 They say the King hath put out a Proclamation to for⁓bid maskerades. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 67 In the Year 325, Gladiators were expressly forbid. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 34, I..think that the Lacedaemonian law⁓giver was right in forbidding pleasure.
(b)13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1147 To defowle hit euer vpon folde fast he forbedes. 1526–34Tindale Luke xxiii. 2 For⁓biddynge to paye tribute to Cesar. 1723State of Russia II. 282 For which reason he had forbidden to carry anybody of his Majesty's Retinue over the River.
(c)c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 2 For-beodende þæt man þam casere gafol ne sealde. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 496 The king..vorbed that me ne ssolde non of is lond sowe. 1340Ayenb. 8 Þis heste uorbyet þet non ne ssel slaȝe oþren. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 71 Yt is forboden vnder payne of cursynge, that no man shulde haue ne drawe eny texte of holy scrypture in to Englysshe. 1619Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc. Trent iv. (1629) 355 It was forbid..that the Patrone..should not make the presentation to any but the Bishop. 1658W. Burton Comment. Itin. Antonin. 121 He forbad that not any body should..use a silver drinking cup.
(d)1382Wyclif Luke xxiii. 2 Forbedinge tributis to be ȝouun to Cesar. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvi. 137 Another Law, that forbiddeth it to be put in execution. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Mus. v. 75 This [the Swiss] Song..is forbid to be sung among their Regiments hired in the Service of other Nations. 1865Knight Sch. Hist. Eng. iv. 115 The governor of the Castle forbad the Church Service to be performed.
e. with the personal object only. Const. from, † of (a thing). Now rare.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 27 He þe wule forbeode of his eȝane onsiht. 13..Coer de L. 3795 In Godys name I thee for⁓bede..Ryche ne pore lat non leve. c1400Mandeville (1839) viii. 87 Therefore wolde he [David] make the Temple in that place: but oure Lord forbade him. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 8 b, I forbede all syngular persones from the studyenge of this treatyse. 1533J. Heywood Pardoner & F. B ij b, Of all temporall seruice are we forbode. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. vi. 18 Whom though he oft forbad, Yet for no bidding..Would he restrayned be from his attendement. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. 117 The soldiers wished to take part in it also; and, though forbidden, forced their way into the palace. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 122 He forbade both men and women from entering them. 1851Hussey Papal Power ii. 61 He forbad Hilary Bishop of Narbonne from all metropolitan rights.
f. absol. or with ellipsis of both objects.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iii. 19 Haue patience Noble Duke, I may not open, The Cardinall of Winchester forbids! 1667Milton P.L. v. 62 Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offerd good.
2. In various modified uses.
a. fig. To exclude, keep back, hinder, restrain. Now chiefly of circumstances, conditions, etc.: To constitute a prohibition or imperative reason against; to render impossible or undesirable.
c1000Ags. Ps. cxix. 101 (Spelm.) Fram eallum weᵹe yfelu ic forbead fet mine. a1340Hampole Psalter xxxiii. 13 For bede þi tonge fra ill. 1388Wyclif Jer. v. 25 Ȝoure synnes forbediden good fro ȝou. 1573Baret Alv. F 847 To forbidde, to lette, to stoppe, inhibeo. 1626Bacon Sylva §596 The way to hasten the Breeding of Salt-Petre, is to forbid the Sunne, and the Growth of Vegetables. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 740 Clouds of smouldring Smoke forbad the Sacrifice. 1715–20Pope Iliad xii. 148 Whose spreading arms..Forbid the tempest and protect the ground. 1750Gray Elegy xvii, Th' Applause of list'ning Senates to command..Their Lot forbad. 1799Sheridan Pizarro iv. i, The state I left her in forbids all hope. 1863F. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 19 A pool, that effectually forbids the foot of the explorer. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 138 His limits forbade him to draw copiously. 1870Huxley Crit. & Addr. (1890) 51 The Bible..forbids the veriest hind..to be ignorant of the existence of other countries and other civilizations.
b. In deprecatory phr. God, Heaven, the Lord forbid, usually with a clause or sentence as direct object, rarely with an indirect object; also absol. as an exclamation.
a1225Ancr. R. 8 Þet God forbeode ou. a1300Cursor M. 4372 (Cott.) Godd forbedd i suld him suike. 1375Barbour Bruce xii. 255, I warne ȝow of a thing, To happyn thamme (as god forbeid!) c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 910 Thisbe, God forbede but a woman can Ben as trewe and lovynge as a man. a1400–50Alexander 5590 Nay, driȝtin for-bede! c1470Henry Wallace v. 624 Gret God forbede it suld be so with this. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 760 Our Lorde forbid that ye love together the worsse for the selfe same cause that ye ought to love together the better. c1592Marlowe Massacre Paris i. iii, The Heavens forbid your highness such mishap! 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. ii. 19 Fortune forbid my out-side haue not charm'd her. 1606― Tr. & Cr. ii. iii. 208 This L[ord] goe to him? Jupiter forbid. 1611Bible 1 Chron. xi. 19 My God forbid it mee that I should doe this thing. ― Gal. ii. 7 God forbid. 1712–4Pope Rape Lock iv. 105 Gods! shall the ravisher display your hair, While the Fops envy..Honour fobid! 1738― Epil. Sat. i. 105 Good Heav'n forbid, that I should blast their glory. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 34 Do you mean a knowledge of shoemaking? God forbid.
†c. with weakened sense: To argue or give one's opinion against. Obs.
c1205Lay. 30244 Summe hit gonnen ræden summe to for-beoden.
†d. To deny, refuse. Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke vi. 29 Ne for-beod him no þine tunecan. c1205Lay. 30226 Whaðer he hit wolde iunne oðer him for-beode. 1483Cath. Angl. 137/2 To Forbed, abdicare, abnuere.
†e. To defy, challenge.
1588Bp. Andrewes Serm. 1 Tim. vi. 17–19, I forbid them..to shew mee in Rhemes or in Rome..such a shew as we have seene here these last two daies.
† f. To lay under a ban, curse, interdict.
1605Shakes. Macb. i. iii. 21 He shall liue a man forbid. 1819B. Cornwall Dram. Scenes, Werner ii, Oh, I shall pass..my time in solitude..a man forbidden.
†3. To countermand. Obs. rare.
1665Sir W. Coventry in Pepys' Diary VI. 106 Some [ships] were ordered and others forbid.
†4. To put off for a time, to postpone. Obs.[Perh. another word (?*for-bide), or an erroneous use: Caxton has forborn, which expresses the sense.] 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 339 Iosue..renewede þe circumsicioun þat was forbode fourty ȝere in wyldernesse. Ibid. III. 51 Olympiades..was i-holde ones in fyue ȝere, lesth he schulde be forȝete and it were lengere forbode.
▪ III. † forˈbid, ppl. a. Obs.
= forbidden. forbid tree (see quot. 1662).
1592Davies Immort. Soul Introd. vii, By tasting of that Fruit forbid. 1662Pepys Diary 14 Aug., Many trees there [Forest of Dean] left at a great fall in Edward the Third's time, by the name of forbid-trees, which at this day are called vorbid trees. |