| 释义 |
▪ I. trade, n.|treɪd|
Forms: 4–6 Sc., 7 trad, 4–7 Sc. traid, (5 tradde, 6 traude, trawde, thrade), 7 traide, 5 Sc., 6– trade.
[a. MLG. trade (trâ) fem., track (Schiller & Lubben), LG. trade (traan:—traden) track (Bremisch. Wbch.); also WFlem. tra (:—trade) walk, march, course (De Bo):—OS. trada str. fem. footstep, track = OHG. trata, MHG. trate, trat str. fem. footstep, trace, track, way, passage, f. WGer. ablaut-series tred-, trad- to tread. App. introduced into Eng. in 14th c. from Hanseatic MLG., perh. orig. in nautical lang. for the ‘course or track’ of a ship; afterwards used in other senses of ME. trede tread. Cf. also Norw. and Sw. dial. trad (Rietz) in similar senses, and see trod.
In Branch I, senses 1–4 run more or less parallel with the early senses of tread n.; in sense 5 differentiation begins, and in branch II the sense-development of trade, from c 1550, turns sharply away from that of tread, which retains its close connexion with tread v. But in Sc., tred continued to represent both trade and tread: see under tread.]
I.
†1.
a. A course, way, path; with possessive or of, the course trodden by a person, or followed by a ship, etc.; = tread n. 3. common trade, a public thoroughfare. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxviii. (Adrian) 629 Sir adryane..bad þame..To þe richt hand þe stere set, & dresse þame to hald þare trad In-to þe sey as þai first had. c1400Sc. Trojan War ii. 1725 Dryvand thiddir..and hiddir, That þai mycht hald no certane traid. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. x. 3266 The king..tuke þe se hamewartis his way, Hald-and þare traid fast by Orknay. a1547Surrey æneid ii. 587 A postern..there was, A common trade to passe through Priams house. 1552Huloet, Trade, via. 1554Admiralty Crt., Exam. 9. 28 Nov., The porte of Groyne standithe and is furthe of the right course and trade towards Cadix. 1561Ibid., Exam. 13. 1 Apr., If the said pilott had followid the trade and course of thother Hamboroughe shippe. 1564Ibid., Libels 35 No. 160 They feared their shippe woulde strike oon grownde yf he kepte that trade.
†b. fig. Cf. tread n. 3 b. Obs.
1536Starkey Let. to Cromwell 24 July, in England (1878) p. xliii, You juge me more to be traynyd in phylosophye than in the trade of scripture. 1538Bale God's Promises ii, The covenaunt, whych I to Adam made, He regardeth not, but walketh a damnable trade. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 98, I trust that you..haue so..noted the nature of it, that you can teache me as it were by a trade or waye how to come to it. 1547Homilies i. Serm. Gd. Works iii. (1859) 64 The right trade and pathway unto heaven. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Eph. vi. 13 b, You shall not be lyke to the common trade of seruauntes. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. i. 36 Cromwell..Stands in the gap and Trade of moe Preferments.
†2.
a. The track or trail of a man or beast; footprints; = tread n. 1, 2. Obs.
13..Guy Warw. (Caius) 4731 Than loked he aboute vnder the wode shawe: The trade of horse [Auch. hors traces] he there sighe. c1470Henry Wallace v. 136 For thair sloith hund the graith gait till him ȝeid, Off othir trade [ed. 1570 tred] scho tuk as than no heid. 1537St. Papers Hen. VIII, V. 97 Diverse of his tenauntes pursewed the trade with a slott hownd. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 39 As Shepheardes curre, that..Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. 1591― Tears Muses 275 The sacred springs..They trampled haue with their fowle footings trade. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 21 The dog..seases not afor he find the trad of the fliaris.
†b. transf. The outer surface of the rim of a wheel, which makes the track or mark on the ground; the tread of a wheel. Obs. rare—0.
1556Withals Dict. (1568) 18 b/1 Orbita rotunditas, a whele trade. Ibid., The vtter parte of the whele, called the trade, orbis.
†3.
a. Course, way, or manner of life; course of action; mode of procedure, method. Obs. or dial.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 211 It war nocht lyke that thai folowit the trade of oure lord, quhilk in all his accioun was oure instructioun. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV 2 Kyng Richarde..was nowe brought to that trade of liuyng that [etc.]. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. cxix. v. i, Instruct me Lord, in the right trade Of thy statutes diuine. 1560Bible (Genev.) Prov. xxii. 6 Teache a childe in the trade of his way, and when he is olde, he shal not departe from it. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 77 The Cat..is in hir trade and manner of liuing, very shamefast. 1571Calr. Carew MSS. I. 410 Surety to leave their wicked thrade of life, and to fall to other occupation. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 176 In respect of the trade and course of their life. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. I. lii. 393 Commonly this was the trade: the better benefice, and the cure the more, the seldomer was the Parson or Vicar resident at home. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia s.v., If this is to be the trade.
†b. A way or method of attaining an end; a contrivance, expedient. Obs. rare.
1572J. Jones Bathes of Bath To Rdr. 1 The arte or trade of maintaining health. Ibid. Ep. Ded. 3 But also the Chyrurgians..may fynde a most apte trade of vnderstanding comprehended in few wordes. 1576Fleming Caius' Dogs (1880) 17 The water Spaniell,..hauing long, rough, and curled heare, not obtayned by extraordinary trades, but giuen by natures appointment.
c. A regular or habitual course of action; a practice or habit of doing something. Obs. exc. dial.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lix. i, Save me from those Who make a trade of cursed wrong. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. i. 148 Thy sinn's not accidentall, but a Trade. 1608― Per. iv. vi. 74 Now prittie one, how long haue you beene at this trade? 1616R. C. Times' Whistle v. 1719 Now let me discourse of drunkennes, Which..is made Even a common ordinary trade. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox vi. 134 Shee had long since forgot the Trade of running away. a1716Bp. O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 194, I do not make a Trade and Custom of it. 1755Man No. 33. 4 But it now growing a trade in the family to send for aqua mirabilis, the master..forbad his servants to fetch any. Mod. dial. He made a trade of going to their house.
†d. Used advb. in phr. to blow trade, of the wind, to blow in a regular or habitual course, or constantly in the same direction (cf. trade-wind). So, of a ship, to run trade (rare). Obs.
1591–1600J. Jane in Hakluyt Voy. (1600) III. 849 When we were shot in betweene the high lands [in Str. of Magellan], the wind blowing trade, without any inch of sayle, we spooned before the sea. 1670Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1694) 84 Neither do I find the Winds to blow Trade; but they are veerable. 1719De Foe Crusoe 447 The Winds..seemed to be more steadily against us, blowing almost Trade, as we call it, from the East, and E.N.E. [in the China Sea]. 1720― Capt. Singleton (1906) 198 The winds generally blow trade from the S. and S.S.E. from May to September. 1722― Col. Jack (1840) 319 We..kept our course W. by S..., running away, trade, as they call it, into the great gulf of Mexico.
†4. Practice; practical exercise, employment, or application. Obs.
1575Recorde's Gr. Artes Pref. A v, Apt instrumentes,..if a man coulde applye them to vse, and by teaching of rules, frame them to better trade. Ibid. ii. Ff j b, To acquainte your minde the better with y⊇ new trade of this rule. 1608A. Todkill in Capt. Smith's Virginia (1624) 66 The boates trimmed for trade, which..in their Iourney incountred the second Supply.
5. a. The practice of some occupation, business, or profession habitually carried on, esp. when practised as a means of livelihood or gain; a calling; formerly used very widely, including professions; now usually applied to a mercantile occupation and to a skilled handicraft, as distinct from a profession (profession 6 a), and spec. restricted to a skilled handicraft, as distinguished from a professional or mercantile occupation on the one hand, and from unskilled labour on the other. in trade, following a mercantile occupation, spec. that of a shop-keeper.
In earliest use not clearly distinguishable from 3; the sense is developed by contextual additions, as trade (i.e. practice) of husbandry, trade of merchandise, trade of fishing, etc.
1546Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 757/2 Except thai be in thair lefull marchandice, traudis and bissynes concerning the wynning of thair leving. 1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. i. 22 Againe to sette vppe, and place the accustomed trade of merchandise. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. i. 12 Mur. But what Trade art thou? Answer me directly... Fla. Thou art a Cobler, art thou? 1601Act 43 Eliz. c. 2 §1 For settinge to worke all such persons..[who] use no ordinarie or dailie trade of lief to get their livinge by. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 100 His father consulting with his kins-folkes about the trade he should put his sonne to, thought it best to make him a statuarie. 1656in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 91 [If the boy were] to be fitted for a merchant or other trade. 1695A. Telfair New Confut. Sadd. (1696) 1 Mackie..who is a Mason [note Stonecutter] by Trade, devoted his first Child to the Devil, at his taking of the Mason-Word. 1711Addison Spect. No. 47 ⁋7 A Neighbour of mine, who is a Haberdasher by Trade. 1737Gentl. Mag. Mar. 189/1 Mr. Will. Potter, of Gainsborough,..By Trade a Butcher. 1798Wordsw. Peter Bell i. 201 A Potter, Sir, he was by trade. 1813Sk. Character (ed. 2) I. 16 He was in trade; and..Miss Aucherly was well aware, his being in trade was an obstacle impossible to be surmounted. 1816Jane Austen Emma II. vii. 118 On the other hand, they were of low origin, in trade, and only moderately genteel. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xix, Old Dorothy Glover, as she was called, (for she also took name from the trade she practised). 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. i. 43 No person was allowed to open a trade..unless he had first served his apprenticeship. 1860Ld. Denman in All Year Round 5 May 83 Every trade..is a business, but every business is not a trade. To answer that description, it must be conducted by buying and selling, which the business of keeping a lunatic asylum is not. 1865Trollope Can you forgive Her? II. xv. 113 There was a little prejudice, because of his being in trade. 1932Lady Duff Gordon Discretions & Indiscretions v. 60, I could never be presented at Court, because I was in ‘trade’. 1953M. Sharp Gipsy in Parlour xii. 125 His father was in trade, and Frederick snubbed him. 1974‘W. Haggard’ Kinsmen x. 98 When he'd made a great fortune Duncan Gregg had gone up the ladder a little. But not very much, he was still in trade. 1979A. McCowen Young Gemini 53 Living in the Royal Borough of Tunbridge Wells, my father was made to feel over-conscious of being ‘in trade’.
b. Anything practised for a livelihood.
1650Baxter Saints' R. iii. xiv. §9 Let men see that you use not the Ministrie only for a trade to live by. 1651in Verney Mem. (1907) I. 482 The multitude of peasants in Savoye which practise the trade of bandittis. 1653Milton Hirelings Wks. 1851 V. 371 They would not then so many of them, for want of another Trade, make a Trade of thir preaching. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 141 Souldiers desire not an end of War; because they have no other Trade to live. 1693J. Dryden Juvenal xiv. 251 A Captain is a very gainful Trade. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Epist. ii. i. 167 Unfit for War's tumultuous Trade. 1865Kingsley Herew. i, Where learnedst thou so suddenly the trade of preaching? 1878Simpson Sch. Shaks. I. 32 Her first venture in the trade which subsequently proved so profitable to her, that of buccaneering.
6. a. the trade: those engaged in the particular business or industry concerned or in question; spec. the publishers and booksellers; now more commonly, those engaged in the liquor trade.
1697Dryden Virg. Past. ix. 44 A Member of the tuneful trade. 1791Boswell Johnson 15 Apr. an. 1778 note, As Physicians are called the Faculty,..the Booksellers of London are denominated the Trade. 1837Sir F. Palgrave Merch. & Friar Ded. 1 The reluctance with which the ‘trade’ engage in any work purporting to consist of ancient documents. 1846H. Brett Let. 17 Oct. in Licensed Victuallers' Guide & Almanack (1848) 2, I enclose a copy of the Permit..suggesting that a reprint of it in your Almanack would be highly appreciated by the Trade. 1868Joynson Metals 63 Many thousands of tons of ‘Bessemer metal’—for the ‘trade’ are not quite sure whether it is iron or steel. 1868Era Almanack (Advt. Suppl.), Licensed Victuallers' Protection Society, instituted October, 1833, for the protection of the person and property of the licensed vitualler, and for the promotion of the best interests of the trade. 1885Cyclist 19 Aug. 1101/2 Interesting to Cyclists and the Trade. 1885Liverpool Echo 14 Nov., The Morning Advertiser,..discussing the action of ‘the Trade’ in the coming contests, takes a very moderate view. 1886C. E. Pascoe Lond. of To-day xxxix. (ed. 3) 329 Some of the publishing houses of London..are as ready to sell to the general public as to ‘the trade’. 1903Westm. Gaz. 7 Mar. 2/2 The House of Commons read a second time yesterday two Bills connected with ‘the trade’. The first..was to bring home to the innkeeper his statutory liability to provide food as well as drink.
b. Any one of the corporations of craftsmen (usually seven in number) in a Scottish burgh, each of which formerly elected one or more members of the town-council.
1777Mayne Siller Gun i. i, Ae Simmer's morning, wi the sun The Seven Trades there Forgather'd. 1781Set of the Burgh (of Hawick), Confirmed by Court of Session, that there presently are, and shall henceforth continue seven Incorporations within the said burgh, vizt.:—Weavers, Tailors, Hammermen, Skinners, Fleshers, Shoemakers, and Baxters, each of which shall..elect two quartermasters for each trade, to continue in office for one year. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. s.v. Burgh, Royal, In Edinburgh and Glasgow, the convener of trades and the dean of guild are ex-officio members of council. 1860C. Innes in Gordon Hist. Moray ii. (1882) 23 Do the Bailies and the ‘Trades’ fill the eye in their fine new Church..?
c. Prostitution. slang. [Cf. trader 1 b.]
1680Oldham in Rochester Poems 122 He Heav'n, one large Seraglio, made, Each Goddess, turn'd a glorious Punk, o' th' Trade, And all that sacred place, Was filled with Bastard Gods, of his own Race! 1937Partridge Dict. Slang 905/2 The trade is prostitution: late C. 18–19. 1962K. A. Porter Ship of Fools 33 Two inordinately dressed-up young Cuban women, frankly ladies of trade, had been playing cards together in the bar for an hour before the ship sailed.
d. The Submarine Service of the Royal Navy. slang.
1916Kipling Sea Warfare 97 No one knows how the title of ‘The Trade’ came to be applied to the Submarine Service. 1942G. Hackforth-Jones One-One-One xviii. 169, I remember in 1919 listening to and looking at the young submarine captains, most of whom had served their four years of war in the ‘Trade’. 1982A. Melville-Ross Trigger xv. 161 It had been tacitly established in ‘The Trade’ that you did not mourn friends... The Submarine Service referred to itself as ‘The Trade’.
e. The Secret Service. slang.
1966‘A. Hall’ 9th Directive xviii. 170 ‘How long,’ I asked her, ‘have you been in the trade?’.. ‘Three years, on active ops.’ 1977J. Gardner Werewolf Trace x. 87 Heather had that smart plummy voice which spoke of a cut-glass background. The kind of girl the trade enjoyed using: the kind they called a lady. 19773rd Rep. R. Comm. Intelligence & Security: Abridged Findings (Austral.) 4 In the trade, people talk of the ‘intelligence cycle’.
II.
7. a. lit. Passage to and fro; coming and going; resort. Now dial.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 133 Some [fish] from the Sea..So both the Waters with free Trade frequenting. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. iii. 156 Ile be buryed in the Kings high-way, Some way of common Trade, where Subjects feet May howrely trample on their Soueraignes Head. 1624Donne Devot. (ed. 2) 154 In Jacobs ladder, they which ascended and descended, and maintained the trade between heaven and earth. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss. s.v., A vast o' rabbits here, by the trade they make.
†b. fig. Mutual communication, intercourse, ‘commerce’, dealings. Obs.
1602Shakes. Ham. iii. ii. 346 Haue you any further Trade with vs? 1634Massinger Very Woman iv. iii, Long was my travail, long my trade, to win her. a1708Beveridge Thes. Theol. (1710) I. 183 Free trade and commerce for grace and goodness for heaven and happiness.
c. To-do, ‘work’, fuss, commotion; trouble, difficulty. dial.
1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. s.v., They make such a trade wi' me when I goo to see 'em. 1895Westm. Gaz. 21 Sept. 2/1 What there was in him to make such a trade of, as his wife did, I could not see. 1899Leeds Merc., Supp. 3 June (E.D.D.), They'll hae plenty o' trade on afore they mak' t' business pay.
8. a. Passage or resort for the purpose of commerce; hence, the buying and selling or exchange of commodities for profit; commerce, traffic, trading. † to beat the trade, to carry on business (obs.). See also free trade.
1555Eden Decades 240 The trade of spices which was so commodious and profitable to hym. 1570J. Campion in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. 114 A safe conduct from the great Turke, for a trade to Chio. 1604Ho. Comm. Jrnl. I. 218/2 The Mass of the whole Trade of all the Realm is in the Hands of some Two Hundred Persons. 1611Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 171/1 Cum privilegio aque de Clyde, mercature lie trafficque et trade ejusdem. 1670R. Coke Disc. Trade 1 Trade is an Art of Getting, Preparing, and Exchanging things Commodious for Humane Necessities and Convenience. a1687Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 34 Ann. 1664..was the best year of Trade that hath been these many years in Ireland. a1692H. Pollexfen Disc. Trade (1697) 91 The Trade to Swedeland and Denmark having of late Years carried from us great Sums of Money Annually. 1707Hearne Collect. 12 Nov. (O.H.S.) II. 72 Dr. Davenant..has writ..an Essay upon Ballance of Trade. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. ii, Contraband trade..is not usually looked upon, either by the vulgar or by their betters, in a very heinous point of view. 1835Penny Cycl. III. 309/1 The balance of trade..is the difference between the aggregate amount of a nation's exports or imports, or the balance of the particular account of the nation's trade with another nation. 1889Nature 19 Sept. 492/2 The struggle for the Eastern trade.
†b. A trading expedition. Obs. rare—1.
1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 356 This new scheme of a trade round the World.
†c. A centre of trade, an emporium. Obs. rare—1.
1618in Foster Eng. Factories Ind. (1906) I. 27 Surratt will never be a trade unles the Red Sea both supply yt and awe the Guzeratts.
9. With a and pl. An act of trading, a transaction, a bargain; spec. in politics, a private arrangement, a ‘deal’ or ‘job’. orig. U.S. slang.
1829Massachusetts Spy 18 Mar. (Thornton), When the business was completed, there was about an even trade between Mr. A. and Farmer G. 1835–40Haliburton Clockm. (1862) 347 Havin' finished that are little trade, squire, there is another small matter I want to talk over with you. 1867Lowell Fitz Adam's Story in Heartsease & Rue (1888) 158 Yet in a bargain he was all men's foe, Would yield no inch of vantage in a trade. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. iii. lxiii. 458 This is a Deal, or Trade, a treaty which terminates hostilities for the time.
(b) spec. (N. Amer.) an exchange of players between two sports clubs or teams.
1913Outing XLII. 133/1 My first big trade was a success. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 10 July 27/5 Riders made another trade, sending Larry De Graw and Bill Cline to Regina Roughriders for Tom Beynon. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 12 June 14/3 The Yankees, who had been spying on Randolph for a year, picked him up last winter in a trade that sent Doc Medich to Pittsburgh for Randolph, Dock Ellis and Ken Brett.
†10. A fleet of trading ships under convoy. Obs.
1747Gentl. Mag. Nov. 519/1 The signal for the trade to make the best of their way. 1748Anson's Voy. i. ii. 15 This squadron,..and the trade under their convoy,..tided it down the Channel. 1803Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 194 On my arrival at Malta I ordered the Cyclops to proceed with the Trade from thence bound into the Adriatic.
11. a. Stuff, goods, materials, commodities; now dial., usually in depreciatory use: rubbish, trash; in quot. 1697, implements, equipment.
1645T. Wilson (title) Childe's Trade; or the Beginning of the Doctrine of Christ, whereby Babes may have Milk, Children Bread Broken. 1670Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1694) 27 These Herbs..for want of which fresh Trade several of my Men were falling into [the Scurvy]. Ibid. 58 Green Pease-leaves and such trade. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 535 His house, and household gods, his trade of war, His bow and quiver, and his trusty cur. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) II. 177 They are sown at two Seasons of the Year; in the Spring with other like Kitchen Trade. 1777Horæ Subs. 438 (E.D.D.), I took some trade, which I had of the doctor for my disorder. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Trade,..a Derbyshire mining term for refuse or rubbish from a mine. 1875Sussex Gloss., Trade, anything to carry; such as a bag, a dinner-basket, tools or shop-goods. 1889Farmer Americanisms s.v., Medicine is also strangely named trade in Rhode Island.
b. A prostitute or pick-up used by a homosexual; a homosexual partner; also, such people collectively. slang.
1935, etc. [see rough trade s.v. rough a. 21 a]. 1941G. Legman in O. W. Henry Sex Variants II. 1177 Trade, generic for male prostitutes to homosexuals, or for heterosexuals to whom homosexuals prostitute themselves. 1968Globe & Mail Mag. (Toronto) 13 Jan. 7/4 If a hustler is not himself homosexual, or maintains the belief that he is not, he is called ‘trade’. 1969Jeremy I. iii. 23/1 These are men who because they are too old, or unattractive, cannot pick up free ‘trade’. 1975Daily Tel. 24 July 3/6 Many of the boys became male prostitutes... They became known as ‘rent boys’ and were also referred to as ‘trade’.
12. Commodities for use in bartering with primitive peoples; also, native produce for barter.
1847J. Palmer Jrnl. 127 The value of fourteen dollars in trade would buy an ordinary horse. 1883Chester in Lovett J. Chalmers vii. 239 About {pstlg}50 worth of trade was distributed to the heads of families. 1884Pall Mall Budget 22 Aug. 9/1 One of these boats has on board the ‘trade’, as we call the goods by which purchases are effected. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 517 Look what a lot of trade he threw away at that funeral of his wife.
13. Abbreviation of trade-wind; chiefly in pl.
c1796T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 14 The increasing unsteadiness of the wind denoted that we were upon the edge of the ‘Trade’. 1806G. Pinckard Notes W. Ind. I. xviii. 186 The delay..served but to augment the value of the ever-constant trades. 1853Herschel Pop. Lect. Sc. iv. §19 (1873) 157 The great and permanent system of winds known as the ‘trades’ and ‘anti-trades’. 1857C. Gribble in Merc. Marine Mag. (1858) V. 9 From this I carried a steady Trade, all sail set. 1880Haughton Phys. Geog. iv. 188 The so-called north-east monsoons..are simply the usual Trades of the northern hemisphere. 1899F. T. Bullen Log Sea-waif 213 The ‘south-east trades’ being notoriously steady and reliable in the Atlantic, while the north-east trades are often entirely wanting. 1899‘Martello Tower’ At School & at Sea 88 The trade slackened and became fitful.
14. A trade paper or magazine of the entertainment world. orig. and chiefly U.S.
1960G. Marx Let. 21 Mar. in Groucho Lett. (1967) 270, I assume the trades are shoved under your door each morning. 1969[see plant n.1 7 b]. 1978Guardian 11 Dec. 7/2 In Hollywood the two newspapers which report the entertainment industry are known simply as ‘the trades’.
III. 15. attrib. and Comb. a. attrib.: in sense 5, ‘of or pertaining to a trade or calling’, as trade-body, trade-caste, trade-company (company n. 6), trade-guild, trade journal, trade magazine, trade paper, trade press, trade protection, trade skill, trade-work; ‘caused by or arising out of one's trade’, as trade disease, trade eczema, trade eruption; in sense 8, as trade advice, trade agreement, trade association, trade attaché, trade balance, trade bill, trade boom, trade competition, trade conflict, trade delegation, trade depression, trade fair, trade figure (usu. pl.), trade gamble, trade mart, trade partnership, trade product, trade profit, trade relation, trade reverse, trade rivalry, trade ship, trade site, trade supply trade supremacy, trade token [token n. 11], trade town, trade use, trade value, trade wave, trade word; in sense 12, ‘pertaining to or used for barter’, as trade bag, trade blanket, trade boat, trade box, trade calico, trade chest, trade gin, trade glass, trade goods, trade gun, trade stuff; b. instrumental, objective, etc., as trade-bound, trade-destroying, trade-laden adjs.; trade-spoiler, trade-taxer.
1860Reade Cloister & H. lxxxvi, Good *trade advice was to flow from the elders.
1934Webster, *Trade agreement. 1940Economist 23 Mar. 514/2 Three agreements between the British and Spanish Governments, a Loan Agreement, a Payments Agreement and a Trade Agreement, were signed in Madrid. 1977Whitaker's Almanack 1978 929/1 Portugal has signed a Trade Agreement with EEC.
1909Webster, *Trade association. 1928Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inquiry) ii. viii. §3. 98 Trade Associations are Associations of Traders, Producers, or Employers. 1984Economist 18 Feb. 22 The BBC, IBA and the ITV companies' trade association are all off to Dublin to discuss such an Anglo-Irish deal.
1970‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird vi. 79 The *trade attaché moved a bit nearer. 1980A. Coppel Hastings Conspiracy xxxvii. 227 He was a trade attaché... He would know with whom to speak to provide a friend of the Soviet Union with friendship.
1907Chron. Lond. Mission. Soc. Oct. 185/1 My mackintosh served as a blanket, and my *trade-bag as a pillow.
1909Webster, *Trade balance. 1928Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inquiry) i. iii. §4. 26 The increased volume of imports, together with a diminished volume of exports, has made the visible trade balance much less favourable. 1984Times 28 Nov. 13/7 Our trade balance sags under imports of consumer goods.
1892Griffith tr. Fouard's St. Peter 268 *Trades-bodies, political assemblies, and societies for mutual aid.
1925Scribner's Mag. July 59 Nothing in the nature of a ‘*trade boom’ could be discovered. 1928Trade boom [see trade cycle, sense 16 below].
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 166 My back is against the *trade box, and behind that is the usual mound of pillows.
1891E. Westermarck Hist. Hum. Marr. (1894) 372 [In India] there is an almost endless number of *trade-castes.
1876B. Martin Messiah's Kingd. vi. i. 289 The embittered *trade-conflicts which distinguish our era.
1961‘J. le Carré’ Call for Dead ix. 93 If Blondie was a carrier, it is exceptional.. that he should use a *trade delegation as a staging post. 1978R. V. Jones Most Secret War liii. 520 He had somehow made contact with the Russian Trade Delegation.
1928*Trade depression [see trade cycle, sense 16 below].
1908W. James Mem. & Stud. (1911) xiii. 322 Priggishness is just like painter's colic or any other *trade-disease.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 569 A patient suffering from a *trade eczema.
Ibid. 914 Affections of the Skin produced by Occupations (*Trade Eruptions).
1970‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird iv. 45 One was the commercial attaché..and the three others were straight from Moscow on a *trade-fair excursion.
1927New Republic 12 Oct. 194/2 The Washington government is alarmed at the growing hostility toward us in Central and South America, which is beginning to be reflected in our *trade figures. 1975in R. Crossman Diaries I. 40 The First Secretary and the Chancellor continued to grapple with the trade figures and to lament the unhappy state of the pound.
1853Lynch Self-Improv. v. 122 There is much money-getting by *trade-gamble.
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 664, I give an..Analysis of Sample of *Trade-Gin.
1881J. Hatton New Ceylon v. 136 The voyage up, with the *trade goods, is done in a canoe.
1874Green Short Hist. iv. §1. 163 A wiser instinct of government led Edward to establish *trade-guilds in the towns. 1904W. M. Ramsay in Expositor July 42 The workers in bronze were one of its numerous trade-guilds.
1873R. F. Burton in Lady Burton Life (1893) II. 20 Those who must often expose themselves..to Anglo-Ashanti *trade-guns.
1878Brooklyn Monthly Apr. 118/2 The editor of a certain *trade journal in New York. 1910H. G. Wells Hist. Mr. Polly vii. 218 Every issue of every trade journal has its four or five columns of abridged bankruptcy proceedings. 1981P. Van Greenaway ‘Cassandra’ Bell ii. 27 I'm a special features writer for a trade journal—cosmetics.
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 239 A picturesque series of canoes, fruit and *trade laden.
1907Electr. World XLIX. 674/1 And in other cases space in the *trade magazines has been used as before. 1973E. McGirr Bardel's Murder iv. 90 Forrest's desk was..bare except for a trade magazine.
1904Speaker 9 Apr. 31/2 A *trade-mart should be established.
1903E. L. Shuman Practical Journalism 100 Sometimes the easiest line of approach to these coveted posts is through the avenue of the *trade paper or technical journal. 1918A. Bennett Roll-Call i. ix. 208 It was a chap from the Builder, or I wouldn't have seen him. Can't trifle with a trade paper, you know. 1971Guardian 1 July 11/2 The trade papers try to introduce retailers to modern marketing.
1907Electr. World XLIX. 674/1 In some cases the house organ has taken the place of advertising in the *trade press. 1973‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Starry Bird x. 147 She could announce it in the trade press.
1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. iv. vii. (1876) 626 We have to ascertain whether rates are to be regarded as a deduction from *trade-profits, or whether they are a tax imposed upon the consumers of merchandise.
1883Chambers's Encycl., *Trade Protection Societies are associations composed of merchants, tradesmen, and others,..for the promotion of trade, and for protecting the individual members from losses.
1888E. Bellamy Looking Backwards xiii. 198 A basis of agreement as to what staples shall be accepted..for settlement of accounts, being a preliminary to *trade relations. 1897Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 3 Feb. 7/4 British subjects looking for friendly trade-relations.
1874Forster Dickens xi. i. (1907) 883 *Trade reverses at Glasgow had checked the success there.
1902Q. Rev. July 243 The bitter *trade-rivalry with France.
1757Dyer Fleece ii. Poems (1761) 103 The *trade-ship left his streams; the merchant shun'd His desart borders. 1935Discovery Feb. 61/2 Last January there were only 49 deep-sea square-rigged trade ships in the world.
1872Yeats Growth Comm. 301 A *trade site established twenty-one years earlier.
1693W. Freke Art of War iii. 24 Is your war with a *Trade-state, pen them but in, and stop their Course.
1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. §89. 156 That which is *Trade-stuff is fetcht more out of the Firr-tree, then out of the Scurff of Amber.
1888Hasluck Model Engin. Handybk. (1900) 10 Purchased..from the usual *trade-supplies.
1910Encycl. Brit. VI. 789/2 Maintenance of *trade-supremacy in the eastern Mediterranean.
1903Speaker 26 Sept. 597/1 The two sections—the ‘food-taxers’ and the ‘*trade-taxers’..can unite in office again.
1889G. C. Williamson (title) *Trade tokens issued in the seventeenth century. 1933J. O. Manton (title) Buckinghamshire trade tokens issued in the seventeenth century. 1971J. R. S. Whiting Trade Tokens 11 Broadly speaking I have kept to the strict definition of the term trade token (tokens issued for trading purposes, ie as currency).
1657Owen Commun. w. Father, etc. iii. §3 Wks. 1850 II. 244 According to the *trade use of the word, whence the metaphor is taken.
1891Daily News 15 Apr. 2/5 No doubt the highest point in the *trade-wave has been reached and passed.
16. a. Special combs.: trade allowance (see quot. 1858); trade binding (see quot. 1971); trade board, a council regulating conditions of employment in certain trades; trade book, a book published by a commercial publisher and intended for general readership; trade card, a tradesman's card bearing his name, the designation of his trade, and place of business; trade counter, an area in a shop or business where sales are made only to members of the trade; trade cumulus, the cumulus which collects in the trade-wind region in the day-time; the trade-wind cloud; trade cycle, a recurring alternation of a period of increased economic activity with one of reduced activity; trade dinner, a dinner at which representatives of a trade meet; trade discount, a discount allowed by one trader to another, usually one in the same kind of occupation; also fig.; trade dispute, any dispute between employers and workers, or between different groups of workers, that is connected with the employment or non-employment of any person, with the terms or conditions of employment, or with certain related matters; trade dollar, a dollar issued by the U.S.A. for Asiatic trade: see dollar 5; trade-edition, (a) (see quot. 1849); (b) an edition of a book intended for general sale through bookshops, in contrast to special editions or those sold through book clubs or specialist suppliers; trade effluent, effluent produced in the course of a trade or industry; any effluent other than domestic sewage; trade-English, a pidgin English used in Africa as a medium of communication between English traders and Africans, and between Africans speaking different languages; trade-fixture, a fixture put in for trade purposes (which remains the property of the tenant) (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895); trade gap, the extent by which a country's imports exceed its exports; cf. trade surplus below; trade-hall (see quot.); trade-language, a language used as a means of communication by people speaking different languages; trade-last U.S., a compliment offered in exchange for one that is directed towards the speaker; also, in weakened sense, a compliment, whether reciprocal or not; trade-master, one who instructs a class in a trade or handicraft; trade mission, a mission sent to another country to promote trade with it; trade name, (a) a descriptive or fancy name used to designate some proprietary article of trade; (b) the name by which an article or substance is known to the trade; (c) the name or style under which a business is carried on; trade-officer, in a penal institution: = trade-master; trade plate, a temporary number-plate for an unlicensed vehicle; usu. pl.; trade price, the price at which the wholesale dealer sells to the retailer; trade-rat, a pack rat (lit. and fig.); trade reduction = trade-discount above; trade-road, a trade-route; trade-room, a room (in quot., on board ship) devoted to the storage and exchange of trade goods; trade-route, a route followed by traders or caravans, or by trading-ships; trade-sale, an auction held by and for a particular trade; trade school, a school in which handicrafts are taught; trade secret, a device or technique used in a particular trade or (transf.) occupation and giving an advantage because not generally known; trade show Cinemat., a private showing of a new film to the trade, before release; so trade-show v. trans.; trade surplus, the extent by which a country's exports exceed its imports; cf. trade gap above; trade term, an expression largely confined to a particular trade; trade test (see quot.); hence trade-test v., to subject to or carry out a trade test; trade war, a situation in which governments act aggressively in international markets to promote their own countries' trading interests; trade waste = trade effluent above; † trade-way, (a) ? beaten path; passage, thoroughfare; (b) the fairway of navigation; trade-weighted a., esp. of exchange rates, weighted in relation to the importance of the trade conducted with the various countries included. See also tradecraft, -mark, union, -wind.
1837Dickens Let. ? 21 Apr. (1965) I. 250, I want at the usual *trade allowance..a complete set of the Standard Novels up to this time. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Trade-allowance, Trade-price, a wholesale discount, allowed to dealers or retailers on articles to be sold again.
1952J. B. Oldham English Blind-Stamped Bindings 3 Copies already bound in what are usually called ‘*trade bindings’. 1971L. M. Harrod Librarians' Gloss. (ed. 3) 645 Trade binding. 1. The binding in which a publisher issues a book... 2. Plain calf or sheep bindings which were used in England by publishers from the fifteenth–eighteenth centuries... Until the nineteenth century, purchasers usually bought books unbound or enclosed in wrappers.
1909Daily Chron. 26 Mar. 6/4 To-day the President of the Board of Trade will introduce the new *Trade Boards Bill, dealing with what are known as ‘sweated’ trades.
1962Y. Malkiel in Householder & Saporta Probl. Lexicography 9 Other short word-lists..include,..on the *tradebook market, glossaries accompanying contemporary novels and short stories. 1977Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 May 16/7 Last year 39 percent of the company's sales came from elementary school texts, 7 per cent from university texts and 19 per cent from trade books for the general public.
1927B. C. Landauer (title) Early American *trade cards. 1979Early Music Oct. 475/1 The instrument was certainly rebuilt by Taskin in 1783–4, as attested by his two inscriptions, his trade card glued inside the bentside, and his characteristic workmanship throughout.
1977Wandsworth Borough News 7 Oct. 21/3 (Advt.), Young person required by Builders' Merchants in Battersea to assist on *trade counter and learn trade. 1979P. Way Sunrise vi. 61 David Marriott entered the newspaper building, via the trade-counter door.
1928Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inquiry) v. xxviii. §2. 411 The trade booms..and trade depressions..which were so prominent a feature of the pre-war ‘*trade cycle’. 1976Scotsman 20 Nov. 3/3 The industry was notoriously vulnerable to the trade cycle, and, at present, world supply of shipbuilding capacity was about twice the level of world demand.
1898G. Van de Linde Bookkeeping & Other Papers 414 *Trade Discount, see ‘Cash Discount’. 1901Windsor Mag. Dec. 199/2 Barclay is simply a surly brute, I never liked him, so you can take the usual trade discount off my estimate. 1977C. Rundle Accountancy for Everyone vi. 54 The same rate of trade discount must be taken off the return value as was allowed off the original price.
1875Act 38 & 39 Vict. c. 86 §3 An agreement or combination by two or more persons to do or procure to be done any act in contemplation or furtherance of a *trade dispute between employers and workmen shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime. 1926Brit. Gaz. 12 May 2/1 No trade dispute has been alleged or shown to exist in any of the unions affected except in the miners' case. 1980Illustr. London News Mar. 19/2 In that case it was held that the interpretation of section 13 was subjective, and that a person was protected provided he honestly thought that his action might help one of the parties to a trade dispute to achieve their objectives, and did it for that reason.
1849N. & Q. 1st Ser. I. 55/2 A custom..which now passes under the designation of a ‘*Trade-Edition’, the meaning..being, that the copyright, instead of being the exclusive property of one person, is divided into shares and held by several. 1930A. Huxley Let. 8 Mar. (1969) 332 With regard to subsequent unlimited trade editions, I imagine you wouldn't have the organization. 1949R. Chandler Let. 3 May (1981) 174 Houghton Mifflin..want to publish a trade edition collection of my old stories. 1959L. M. Harrod Librarians' Gloss. (ed. 2) 160 Large paper copy, or edition, an impression of a book printed on larger and better quality paper than the usual trade edition.
1930Engineering 11 July 47/2 (heading) *Trade effluents and sewers. 1976Eastern Even. News (Norwich) 9 Dec. 16/6 (Advt.), The post will involve the routine implementation of trade effluent control.
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 432 That peculiar language, ‘*trade English’; it is not only used as a means of intercommunication between whites and blacks, but between natives using two distinct languages. Ibid. 434, I have a collection of trade English letters and documents, for it is a language that I regard as exceedingly charming.
1961Listener 16 Nov. 816/1 Britain's ‘*trade gap’ narrows during October. 1977P. Johnson Enemies of Society v. 55 These fresh supplies of bullion bridged the trade-gap between West and East until western industry was sufficiently developed to mass-produce textiles for export.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Trade-hall, a meeting-hall, or sale-room in a town, for manufacturers or traders.
1662Owen Animadv. Fiat Lux Wks. 1851 XIV. 142 [Latin] is the *trade-language of religion among learned men. 1840Trade language [see Chinook]. 1907, etc. [see Mobilian n.]. 1937M. Covarrubias Island of Bali p. xxiii, Malay was the trade language between Balinese and foreigners. 1968W. J. Samarin in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. 661 Trade language (langue de traité) is usually used for some language not included among the world's majority languages and which is used by some people as a second language in commercial situations.
1891Kipling in Author July 42 Some day they'll be a Public—not a girl's school swapping *Trade-lasts. 1895Inlander Nov. 61 Tradelast, n., compliment. 1920F. Scott Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise i. 12 It was based upon some ‘trade-lasts’ gleaned at dancing-school, to the effect that he was ‘awful good-looking’. 1935H. Davis Honey in Horn iv. 41 The compliment was pointed enough. Uncle Preston looked pleased but not overwhelmed. He was used to trade-lasts from the ignorant. 1949M. Mead Male & Female 456, I set myself to collect varieties of little-known folk-customs like trade-lasts. 1975I. Shaw Nightwork v. 57 ‘While on the subject,’ she said, ‘let me give you a t.l.’ ‘What's a t.l.?’ ‘..T.l. stands for trade last. A compliment. You gave almost the best performance of anyone I've slept with in this town.’
188819th Cent. Nov. 759 In our prisons the school-master and the *trademaster take the place of the executioner.
1964S. Bellow Herzog 172 Through a Japanese *trade mission she also met Mr. Nasser and Mr. Sukarno. 1973Times 24 Apr. (São Paulo Suppl.) p. viii/4 The Japanese presence is very real in São Paulo, and on average two trade missions visit the city every week.
1861in Sebastian Digest of Cases 112 So far as the name was used..as a *trade name, the representatives of J. G. Loring were entitled under the Massachusetts Statute (Gen. St. c. 56) to restrain them [etc.]. 1878Sebastian Law of Trade Marks 12 In imitation of trade names..used as such and not as trade marks on goods. 1898Patent Office Reports XV. 134 Goods marked with a trade name (i.e. Brazilian Silver). 1900Hopkins Law unfair Trade 29 Proper names are not trade marks, and..there should not be such a thing as a technical trade name.
1904A. Griffiths 50 Yrs. Public Service xix. 269 Sometimes *trade officers, such as tailor, shoemaker, or serving mistress, helped themselves to materials from store.
1953J. Wain Hurry on Down v. 99 The other [formality] was to unscrew the *trade plates which the cars carried in place of the regulation number plates they would have when licensed. 1978J. Fleming Day of Donkey Derby 110 I've got two sets of number plates, and just for luck, two lots of trade plates.
1805Scott Let. 29 Mar. (1932) I. 244 He will of course expect what every author is entitled to—half profits upon the *trade price when an edition shall be disposed of. 1822― Nigel Introd. Epist., You shall have it at trade price.
1912R. A. Wason Friar Tuck xxiv. 239 Either the pack-rat reformed into a *trade-rat, or else he sold out his claim to a trade-rat. 1948F. Blake Johnny Christmas ii. 79 Johnny slept that night..disturbed neither by Gitt's snoring nor the scuttle of secretive trade-rats over the packed earth floor. 1970R. Symons Broken Snare xxiii. 157 He knew pack rats—trade rats some people called them. They would always make a trade for anything they took.
1852Mrs. Gaskell Let. 22 Nov. (1966) 213 Your Uncle Langshaw is to have the *trade reduction of price.
1866Livingstone Last Jrnls. (1873) I. i. 18 Our course is..in ‘wadys’, from which, following the *trade-road, we often ascend the heights.
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xiii. 28 The cargo having been entered in due form, we began trading. The *trade-room was fitted up in the steerage.
1873T. T. Cooper Mishmee Hills 33 Calcutta Chamber of Commerce convened a meeting ‘for the purpose of discussing the subject of overland *trade-routes with China’. 1876R. E. Lytton Lett. (1906) II. xiv. 37 The trade-routes have been re-opened.
1791J. Lackington Memoirs xxxi. 230, I purchased very large numbers..at *trade-sales of all sorts, as bankrupt sales, sales of such as had retired from business, [etc.]. 1847Webster, Trade-sale, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the book-sellers. 1861Chambers's Encycl. II. 230/2 Trade sale. 1910W. Parker in Encycl. Brit. XI. 352/2 The skins are sold in the trade sale as martens, but as there are many that are of a very dark colour and the majority are almost as silky as the Russian sable, the retail trade has for generations back applied the term of sable to this fur.
1898Engineering Mag. XVI. 133/1 The Proficiency of the *Trade School Plumber. 1906Westm. Gaz. 3 May 12/2 The day trade-schools provided by the Council for the training of boys and girls in certain trades after they leave the elementary schools.
1895Atlantic Reporter XXX. 521/1 (heading) Injunction—use of *trade secrets. 1928R. B. McKerrow Introd. Bibliogr. ii. x. 235 Some of the best [facsimiles] are, I believe, produced by a process of lithography, but the details are probably a ‘trade secret’. 1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 36 The chemicals used to produce this foam are a trade secret, so I am not able to tell you what they are. 1978G. Greene Human Factor ii. iii. 82 They have secrets too—trade secrets.
1919Biogram 8 Mar. 3 (Advt.), If you want a film that will pack your house nightly, book The Bride's Awakening... *Trade show will be announced shortly. 1919Honey Pot I. iv. 44 The picture will be trade shown during next February. 1927G. B. Shaw in Illustr. London News 3 Dec. 1004/1 If you have ever been to what is called a ‘trade show’ and seen all the exhibitors there, [etc.]. 1946R. Chandler Let. 30 May (1981) 75 The picture has not even been trade-shown. 1962N. Streatfeild Apple Bough xv. 214 I'll look out for you at the trade show of the picture. 1984Listener 15 Mar. 8/1 For the other six nights, orchestral works give way to pop, dance.., conferences, trade shows and sport.
1977Time 12 Dec. 18/2 Riding the crest of a gigantic *trade surplus, which last week led to a Japanese Cabinet shake-up.., the yen has risen 22% against the dollar so far this year.
1946O. Jespersen Mankind, Nation & Individual 164 Some of these *trade-terms may have originally sprung up as slang. 1977Drive Sept.–Oct. 113/2 He may remember to avoid such obvious trade terms as hole in the roof for sunshine roof.
1934Webster, *Trade test, a test of proficiency in a given trade, such as plumbing.
1946R.A.F. Jrnl. May 147 Those who were A.C.2s or A.C.1s will be *trade-tested immediately on remustering to their trade. 1960I. Jefferies Dignity & Purity vi. 122 Once it had become apparent that I wasn't trade-testing..they [sc. the workmen]..did me the favour of answering the questions I..put.
1909Cambr. Mod. Hist. VI. ii. 49 The tariff-war was often the precursor of the *trade-war. 1975J. De Bres tr. Mandel's Late Capitalism xiv. 472 The use of currency manipulations to gain short-term export advantages threatens to turn into a general trade war.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 525/1 We may..enumerate some of the principal *trade wastes; these are from dye-works, print works, [etc.].
1600Surflet Countrie Farme v. iv. 665 Let them be ditched round about..to cut off the *trade waies of passengers. 1643Admir. Crt., Exam. 58, 1 June, [A ship wrongly anchored in] the trade way.
1976Financial Times 11 Feb., Sterling fell to its lowest level ever against major currencies yesterday, with the Bank of England calculation for its *trade-weighted average depreciation widening to 30·4 per cent from 30·3 per cent. 1984Times 31 Mar. 21/8 Sterling's trade-weighted value against a basket of currencies fell to the lowest for a year yesterday.
b. Combinations with trades (pl. or for genitive trade's), as trades-combination = trade union; trades committee, a committee which regulates conditions of employment in a trade; † trades-master, one who has mastered a trade; a master workman (in quot. 1657, as distinct from a journey-man); tradesperson, nonce-singular of tradespeople. See also tradesfolk, tradesman, tradespeople, trades union, tradeswoman.
1910J. W. Harper Soc. Ideal xxxiii. 272 *Trades-combinations and masters' unions..are stages of progress. They are not final institutions.
1842Cobden in Morley Life xii. (1902) 43/2, I would rather live under a Dey of Algiers than a *Trades Committee.
1612R. Fenton Usury 96 If he be his *trades-master, he shall not stand in so great need of Gods blessing as other honest men do. 1657J. Watts Dipper Sprinkled 174 Then to commence Merchant or Trades-master.
1886E. Ward Dress Reform Problem iii. 50 A saving of trouble..both to the *tradesperson and the wearer.
Add:[8.] d. transf. Operational activity conducted by a flight crew with other aircraft, esp. aerial combat; hence, enemy aircraft; aircraft identified as hostile. Services' slang (orig. R.A.F.).
1942‘B. J. Ellan’ Spitfire ix. 45 We took off and circled the aerodrome,..then Woody's voice came through—‘climb to 15,000 feet. There might be some ‘trade’ for you on your way back.’ 1985Armed Forces IV. xii. 473/2 The Phantom crews never see a Soviet military aircraft. ‘Trade’ is invariably a Western aeroplane which is lost. 1987FlyPast Apr. 39/2 E. J. Smith..announced from the Wellington that he had ‘plenty of trade’... The only problems seemed to be which blip E. J. would select from the many offering themselves for destruction. 1989R. Jolly Jackspeak 301 ‘Hello Silver Leader—we have trade for you at ninety miles to the north—four hostiles on the deck at six hundred knots—incoming.’
▸ trade coin n. now hist. a coin belonging to an issue used (principally) in international trade or in a particular foreign region, rather than in domestic circulation, freq. having an intrinsic bullion value equivalent to its face value; cf. trade dollar n. at Compounds 2a
1860J. Sowden Descr. Anc. & Mod. Coins 208 These were to be nine-tenths fine; forty-five crowns to be coined from the zollpfund of standard gold, the half crown in proportion. These were called ‘*trade coins’, being struck to facilitate trade between the different [German] States. 1893Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 1 386 We have [in Austria], indeed, always had gold trade-coins (ducats and others) but until the reform of currency we had no gold coins for domestic use. 1999D. O. flynn et al. Pacific Centuries Introd. 15 Great Britain tried to introduce a trade coin for use in China in 1778, but this Canton dollar was quickly debased and therefore repudiated by the Chinese.
▪ II. trade, v.|treɪd|
Forms: see prec.
[f. prec.]
†1. trans. To tread (a path); to traverse (the sea); fig. to go through, lead (one's life). Obs.
1548H. Harte (title) Godly Newe short treatyse instructyng euery parson howe they shulde trade theyr lyues in y⊇ Imytacyon of Vertu and y⊇ shewyng of vyce. 1551Recorde Pathw. Knowl. To Rdr., I will not cease from trauaile the pathe so to trade, that finer wittes maie fashion them selues with such glimsinge dull light. 1556in S. P. H. Statham Dover Charters (1902) 386 All others as tradethe and travaquythe the Narrowe Sease. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iii. Colonies 725 Timber-Trees (Whereof thou buildest Ships and Houses fair To trade the Seas). 1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe (1871) 30 But I have traded them as frequently as the middle walk in St Paul's. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Conv. B.J. & W.D. Wks. (1711) 226 They can hardly be compared together, trading diverse paths.
†2. intr. To tread, step, walk, go in a course.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. i. 473 This flowry Mansion where Mankind doth trade. 1618in Foster Eng. Factories India (1906) I. 6 To trad by two at once. 1632Lithgow Trav. x. 506 These once happy Iles, which long agoe my feet traded ouer. 1642Rogers Naaman 503 Beware of..self-willednesse in Gods way, but humbly trade with him in it. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxiv. 127 By the labour of trading from one place to another.
†3. trans. To follow (a course) habitually; to practise; also, to use (something) regularly. Obs.
a1562G. Cavendish Poems, etc. (1825) II. 69 You, yong men all, That rageth in youthe and tradyth the courtly lyfe. 1563Foxe A. & M. 851 That no man should speake of the sacramente, but with such wordes, as scripture doth trade, and beare. c1570in Redforde's Play Wit & Sc., etc. (1848) 103 To those that lerne and trade vertue. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 66 Being yet a young man, he devised to trade Merchandize. a1631Donne Aristeas (1633) 3 The Greeke Language which then was the most traded and vulgar through the whole Universe.
†4. To familiarize with the use, practice, or knowledge of something; to accustom or habituate to or to do something; to train (up) in or with some practice, etc.; to school, exercise. Obs.
1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 23 b, Learned schole⁓maisters to trade vp the Christen youthe in good letters and liberall artes. 1563B. Googe Eglogs, etc. (Arb.) 79 Trade thou thy selfe, in seruyng hym aboue. 1570Levins Manip. 8/36 To Trade, tradere, consuefacere. 1575Recorde's Gr. Artes Pref. A v, This man..dyd trade them to all suche thinges, as eyther were profitable or honest. 1577Breton Toyes Idle Head (Grosart) 51/1 Desirous..to see Them both in learning traded up. 1603H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 51 Being once taught to loath Vice, and traded in wel doing, from the cradle. 1652Gaule Magastrom. 374 He had committed his sonne to a..sorcerer, to be brought up or traded in such arts as were interdicted by the laws.
†5. intr.
a. To have dealings; to communicate, converse, have intercourse; to treat, negotiate (with a person). Obs.
1553Bale Vocacyon 19 b, From that daye..I traded wt myselfe, by all possybylyte to set fourth that doctrine. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. 156 He would come and speake with him and trade for a peace. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. v. 4 How did you dare To Trade and Trafficke with Macbeth, In Riddles, and Affaires of death. 1638R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. ii. D ij, My Muse with Bacchus so long traded When I walkt, my legs denaid it. 1676Glanvill Seasonable Reflect. 49 Should Satan send the most malignant spirits of Hell openly and professedly to trade for him.
b. To occupy oneself, be concerned in something; to deal, have dealings in. Obs. exc. as fig. from 6 b.
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. v. 2 Musicke, moody foode of vs that trade in Loue. 1618Bolton Florus iii. iii. (1636) 173 The Tigurins..trading in robberies, slipt away whither they could. a1661Fuller Worthies, Westm. (1662) ii. 241 Hence it was that afterwards he traded so largely in experiments. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xxx[i], In private, however, she traded more deeply in the occult sciences.
6. intr.
a. To resort to a place for purposes of trade. Hence,
b. to engage in or carry on trade (with a person, in a commodity).
a.1570J. Campion in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. 115 Englishmen did trade thither... If we should not trade thither, he should lose so much. 1575in Tolstoy 1st 40 Yrs. Interc. Eng. & Russia (1875) 161 Our subiectes trawding theither. 1650Fuller Pisgah i. x. §8 Little of the East-Indies being then known, and less traded to. 1735Johnson Lobo's Abyssinia, Voy. iii. 18 Through this [channel] pass almost all the Vessels that Trade to, or from the Red-Sea. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 524 The people in West Jersey trade to Philadelphia. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 565 They traded with profit only to China.
b.1570J. Campion in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. 115 In those dayes that we traded in those parts. 1608R. Wiffin, etc. in Capt. Smith's Virginia (1624) 70 He found the Salvages more readie to fight then trade. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 5 They [Dutch merchants] trade there [to Aman] in Cottons. 1718Free-thinker No. 152 ⁋2, I began to Trade for my self, in the Year Seventeen Hundred and Four. 1769Cook Voy. round World ii. ii. (1773) 311 Those who remained in the canoes traded with our people very fairly. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 68/1, I used..to trade in salt. 1818Scott Rob Roy xxxiv, I only trade now as wholesale dealer. 1892Photogr. Ann. II. 671 Robert Cochrane, on behalf of self and partners, Henry Brooks and Edward Gaynor Robinson, trading as Henry Brooks and Co.
c. With sinister implication: To drive a trade in († with) something which should not be bought or sold; to traffic in.
1663Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xxi. (1687) 221 That cursed principle I named before, of trading with kindnesses, and putting them out to Use. 1737Gentl. Mag. Mar. 155/2 The Clergy are continually trading in Benefices, wanting to change a worse for a better. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. ii, Tradest thou, too, for kisses? 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 653 The chief justice was fast accumulating a fortune out of the plunder of a higher class of Whigs. He traded largely in pardons. 1853Maurice Proph. & Kings viii. 133 Trading in religious arts and fears. 1878L. Villari Machiavelli (1898) II. viii. 298 These men traded in war.
d. to trade on or trade upon: to make use of for one's own ends; to profit by; to take advantage of.
1884Spectator 4 Oct. 1289/2 All parties in the State repeat, demonstrate, and trade on that unanimity. 1885Clodd Myths & Dr. i. v. 93 They..still trade on the fears and fancies of their fellows. 1907Verney Mem. II. 233 Tom traded on his younger brother's fair fame.
e. to trade down: to buy or sell cheaper goods, usually in larger quantities; to sell something and buy a cheaper replacement; similarly to trade up. Also fig.
1942Sun (Baltimore) 22 July 3/2 Catering to the masses, the fur trade is ‘trading down’, Green said, offering practical furs..in economical designs. 1959Wall St. Jrnl. 14 Apr. 18/3 Americans have followed the traditional pattern of ‘trading up’ in foods as well as in other goods and services. 1963Guardian 8 May 7/2 It pays to trade up rather than cater for the masses. 1975Times 14 Mar. (Small Car Suppl.) p. vi/7 The phenomenon of trading up from small to bigger cars is well known... In 1974..as many buyers..traded down as traded up. 1977Times 22 June 23/7 Graduates are being given first crack at the jobs in preference to school-leavers. In other words, companies are trading up. 1982Nat. Westminster Bank Q. Rev. Feb. 3 People..may well ‘trade up’ at various times by increasing their mortgage in order to move into better property.
†7. trans. To frequent for purposes of trade; to trade with (a country, etc.). Obs.
1585[see traded 3]. c1591in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 77 The Companie of Merchauntes tradinge Muskovia havinge bene..preiudiced by the errors. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 458 At the humble sute of the English merchants trading those countreys. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 305 Since the Portugalls traded Indya they have shaven their heads. 1707[see traded 3].
†8. To carry in the way of trade; to trade outward, to export for trade purposes. Obs. rare—1.
1638Sir R. Cotton Abstr. Rec. Tower 24 To permit all men bringing in Bullion to Trade outward the value thereof in domesticke Commodities at an abated Custome.
9. a. † To employ (money) in trade (obs. rare); to make (anything) the subject of trade, to trade in; to acquire or dispose of by barter (U.S.); to buy and sell, to barter, to exchange. to trade off: to dispose of by barter; also fig., to give up in exchange for something else, esp. as a compromise.
a1628F. Grevil Hum. Learn. cxxvii, Changing, corrupting, trading hope and feare Instead of Vertues. 1660T. Watson in Spurgeon Treas. David Ps. l. 22 The non-improvement of talents... He had not spent it, only not trading it is sentenced. 1793in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1810) III. 1 Good crops of corn and rye, which they trade off for spirituous liquors. 1806T. Ashe Trav. Amer. (1808) I. vi. 112 The words buy and sell are nearly unknown [in Erie, Pennsylvania]; in business nothing is heard but the word trade. 1830Galt Lawrie T. ii. i, I ain't a-going to trade her. 1834‘Major J. Downing’ Life & Lett. (Boston, 1835) 39 To see what chance I could find to trade off my ax-handles. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xii, Trading negroes from Africa, dear reader, is so horrid!.. But trading them from Kentucky—that's quite another thing! 1863W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting vi. 167 Traded half a dozen large leather sacks from the Maccateese for beads, very cheap; they..are beautifully braided and sewn. 1904M. Hewlett Queen's Quair i. vi, The peasant women, and girls also, do trade their legs by standing in the lagoon and gathering the leeches that fasten upon them to suck blood. 1917Dialect Notes IV. 402 Trade,..also ‘to exchange’ in general sense... ‘Trade places with me.’ 1949F. Fergusson Idea of Theater i. 21 In the next part of the fight the opponents trade blow for blow. 1951N.Y. Herald Tribune (Paris) 29 Nov. 3 (heading) Insults traded in Commons in 20-hour 20-minute session. 1956S. Seely Radio Electronics xv. 440 Pulse-duration modulation and pulse-position modulation trade bandwidth for an improvement in signal/noise ratio. 1958L. Uris Exodus i. ix. 55 No American Jew would trade places with a Negro or a Mexican. 1972Sci. Amer. June 22/3 Warheads can be traded off for either ABM penetration aids or increased range. 1974Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Mar. 242/5 The bourgeoisie has ‘traded off’ some of its control to the armed forces acting in their interests. 1978M. Hesse in Hookway & Pettit Action & Interpretation 6 The pragmatic criterion trades these difficulties for others. 1983Times 29 Apr. 8/7 Punches and insults were traded at a rally addressed by..the South African Prime minister. 1984Times 26 Mar. 2/1 Another skinhead leaned from a window and traded insults with seven youths in the street.
b. spec. in N. Amer. Sport. Of a club or team: to exchange (one of its players) for one or more from another club. Also, to exchange (players) between clubs or teams.
1899N.Y. Times 5 Mar. 8/5 There was very little trading of players during the meeting. 1955Sports Illustr. 7 Mar. 38/3 Branch Rickey..traded Southpaw Paul La Palme to the St. Louis Cardinals for Ben Wade, a relief pitcher. 1972‘E. Lathen’ Murder without Icing vi. 62 Nashville wouldn't be forever. I'd be traded sooner or later. And as long as I shoot those goals in, I can get what I want. 1982Philadelphia Enquirer 13 May 1-c/1 The former UCLA star was traded by the Knicks to New Orleans for Jim Barnett and Neal Wala in 1975.
10. to trade in, to give (a used car, etc.) in part payment or exchange for a new one. Also transf. and fig. orig. U.S.
1926G. Hunting Vicarion i. 22 ‘Don't say you're trying to guard my young innocence, dear,’ murmured Carol. ‘I traded it in long ago for the new model.’ 1955W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. ii. 752 You trade in your goddam car, you trade in your goddam wife, and the minute you get used to the goddam thing some bastard puts out a new model. 1973R. Travers Murder in Blue Mountains x. 95 Butler traded in his old black hat for the new one. 1975D. Lodge Changing Places iii. 105 Shall I trade it in for a new one while it's still working? 1977C. McCullough Thorn Birds ii. vi. 106 Bluey Williams traded in his lovely draft horses and his massive dray for a truck.
11. intr. Comm. Of a share: to be bought and sold (at a price, etc.).
1976Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. c7/1 A 125,000 share block of the stock traded at 171/8. 1981Times 23 May 19/8 Its shares will start trading on June 1. Ibid. 8 June 16/1 The huge discount to net assets at which insurance shares have been trading.
▪ III. trade
obs. pa. tense of tread v. |