| 释义 |
▪ I. flute, n.1|fluːt|
Forms: 4–5 flowte, 5 flo(y)te, 6–7 fluit(e, 6– flute.
[ME. a. OF. fleüte, flaüte, flahute (also written flahuste), mod.F. flûte = Pr. flauta fem., of unknown origin; the Sp. flauta, It. flauto are prob. adopted from Fr. or Pr. From Fr. are MHG. floite (mod.Ger. flöte), Da. fluit (whence possibly the ME. forms).
Diez's suggestion, that the Rom. flauta, flauto was f. the vb. flautare, and that this was a metathesis of L. flātuāre, is phonologically impossible. Ascoli's proposal to refer the vb. to a L. type *flāvitāre is also inadmissible.]
1. a. A musical wind instrument, consisting of a hollow cylinder or pipe, with holes along its length, stopped by the fingers, or by keys which are opened by the fingers.
The flute of the ancients, whether single or double, was blown through a mouthpiece at the end. About the middle of the 18th cent. this was entirely superseded by the transverse flute or German flute, which is blown through an orifice at the side near the upper end.
c1384Chaucer H. Fame iii. 133 And many flowte and liltyng horne. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 95/1 The mayde remembred the wordes and threwe doun her pype or floyte. 1555Eden Decades 27 They harde the noyse of the flutes, shalmes, and drummes. 1625Purchas Pilgrims IV. 1533 Indians met vs on the way, playing vpon Flutes; which is a token that they come in peace. 1718Prior Pleasure 77 The trumpet's sound Provok'd the Dorian flute. 1756T. Amory Buncle (1825) I. 5 My relaxation after study was my german-flute. a1822Shelley Unf. Drama 180, I nursed the plant, and on the double flute Played to it..Soft melodies. 1853Kingsley Hypatia xxii, A single flute within the curtain began to send forth luscious strains. 1879Stainer Music of Bible 80 A quartet was played by four flutes, treble, alto, tenor, and bass.
†b. phr. to (go and) blow one's flute: to ‘whistle’ for something. Obs.
a1529Skelton Vox Populi vii. 9 When thei have any sute, Thei maye goo blowe theire flute.
c. A flute-player.
1542Privy Purse Exps. P'cess Mary (1831) 104 The Welshe mynstrels iijs. ixd. The Flutes xs. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Trav. Twelvepence Wks. i. 71/1 To Church⁓wardens, Cryers, To Fluits, Horse coursers, Sellers, and to Buyers. 1765Meretriciad 48 Then, solus, hops, a dull Orchestran flute. 1837Dickens Sk. Boz, Tales ix, Two flutes and a violoncello had pleaded severe colds.
2. An organ-stop having a flute-like tone. Also flute-stop (see 7).
There are various kinds of flute-stops known by special designations, as the clear flute, harmonic flute, oboe flute, snake flute.
1613Organ Specif. Worcester Cathedral, 1 flute of wood. 1776Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Musick IV. i. x. 147 The simple stops are the..Flute..and some others. 1855Hopkins Organ xxii. 118 As a Pedal stop, the Flute has not yet been much used in this country.
3. Applied to objects resembling a flute in shape.
a. A tall, slender wine-glass, used especially for sparkling wines. Called also flute-glass.
1649Lovelace Lucasta 99 Elles of Beere, Flutes of Canary, That well did washe downe pasties-mary. 1924Glasgow Herald 6 Oct. 8 ‘Sect’, or German champagne is to be drunk only from French-fashioned flutes or tall glasses. 1959House & Garden Dec./Jan. 36/3 Deep wine goblets or tall champagne flutes. 1964Observer 14 June 33/5 A champagne ‘flute’, tall enough for a quarter or a fifth of a bottle.
b. A shuttle used in tapestry-weaving.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Tapestry, The flute does the office of the weaver's shuttle.
c. Cookery, etc. (See quots.) Perh. only Fr.
1855Clarke Dict., Flute..gaufer. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Flute.. a long thin French roll eaten at breakfast.
4. Arch. A channel or furrow in a pillar, resembling the half of a flute split longitudinally, with the concave side outwards.
1660H. Bloome Archit. A/1 Stria, the flat lying between the Flutes. 1728R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 81 The Column is divided into twenty-four Flutes, and..each Side contains three Flutes. 1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. II. 126 Vast round columns..having their shafts decorated with spiral, zig-zag, intersecting, and vertical flutes.
5. A similar groove or channel in any material. In Botany: see quot. 1727–41.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Flutes or Flutings are also used in botany, to denote the stems and fruits of certain plants, which have furrows analogous to those of columns. 1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 98 The style..has 5 grooves or flutes to receive the 5 seeds with their appendages. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 393 These, instead of being wound round a roller, fall into the flutes of a fluted cylinder. 1855Ogilvie Suppl., Flute, a channel in the muslin of a lady's ruffle, similar to that in a column or pillar. 1865F. B. Palliser Lace xvi. 208 A cap of fine linen plaited in small flutes. 1878Garnett in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 728 When it lies within the mean, or spheroidal, surface so as to form a ‘flute’, less surface is exposed by it. 1935Jrnl. Geol. XLIII. 729 Swiftly moving sand or silt-laden water currents sometimes abrade grooves, elongated in the direction of flow, in stream boulders and in the bedrock of the stream channel... In this article the grooves are termed ‘flutes’, and the process of their formation is called ‘stream fluting’. 1963D. W. & E. E. Humphries tr. Termier's Erosion & Sedimentation 408 The lapies of karst scenery where small ridges or flutes of limestone are dissected and isolated by a surficial flow of water.
6. slang.
a. (See quot. 1700.)
b. A pistol.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Flute, the Recorder of London, or of any other Town. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy iii, ‘I'll give it him in the pistol-arm or so’. ‘Very well, Ned. Where are the flutes?’
7. attrib. and Comb., as flute-girl, flute-maker, flute-music, flute-note; flute-playing vbl. n.; flute-like adj. Also flute-bird (Australia), the piping crow (Gymnorhina tibicen); flute-bit (see quot.); flute-glass, see 3 above; flute-mouth, a fish of the family Fistulariidæ; flute-organ (see quot. 1828); flute-player, (a) one who plays the flute; (b) a South American wren of the genus Cyphorinus; flute-stop = sense 2 above; flute-tool (cf. flute-bit); flute-work (see quot. 1879).
1862Kendall Poems 53 The *flute-bird's mellow tone.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 893/2 *Flute-bit, a wood-boring tool..used in boring..hard woods.
1853Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1887) I. 22 Chaplets, sprats, *flute-girls and black eyes.
1667Dryden Sir M. Mar-all v. i, Bring two *Flute-glasses and some Stools.
1729Savage Wanderer v, The bullfinch whistles soft his *flute-like notes.
1849Marryat Valerie xi, Some *flute-music.
1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 548 *Flute Mouths (Fistulariidæ).
1833Tennyson Blackbird 18 Now thy *flute-notes are changed to coarse.
1828Busby Music. Man., *Flute Organ, a little barrel-organ, the compass and tone of the notes of which render it imitative of the German flute.
1633Prynne Histrio-Mastix i. vii. iii. 652 A *flute-player, a fidler, a harper. 1875Longfellow Pandora vi, Hear how sweetly overhead the feathered flute-players pipe their songs of love.
1831Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. 211 We had *flute-playing by the first flute-player in England.
1819Rees Cycl., *Flute-stop on an Organ.
1887Pall Mall G. 1 July 5/2 Chisels, modelling tools, files, *flute tools [etc.].
1879Hopkins in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 538 *Flute-work, under this head are grouped all the flue⁓stops of whatever kind, shape, or tone, that are not classed as Principal-work, or Gedact-work.
▪ II. flute, n.2 Naut.|fluːt|
Also 6 fluite, 7 fluyt(e.
[a. Fr. flûte, a. Du. fluit (whence the Eng. forms fluyt(e, fluit), perh. a transferred use of fluit = prec.]
1. (See quots.)
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 91 The best..are those that be called Flutæ, in Greke Plootai, good saylers or fluites. 1698Froger Voy. 107 A Portuguese Flute, that carried Negros to All-Saints Bay. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Flute or Fluyt, a kind of long vessel, with flat ribs or floor timbers; round behind, and swelled in the middle. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Flute or Fluyt, a pink-rigged fly-boat, the after⁓part of which is round-ribbed.
2. A vessel of war, carying only part of her armament, to serve as a transport.
1666Lond. Gaz. No. 77/2 Two Men of War..with three Flutes of 18 or 20 Guns. 1799Sir Sid. Smith 6 Feb. in Nicolas Nelson's Disp. III. 281 note, Captain Hood's list reported them to be eight in addition to two Flutes. 1876J. Grant Hist. India I. xlvi. 231/2 Twenty-six sail, including eleven line-of-battle ships..six flutes and transports.
b. Hence armed en flute (Fr. armé en flûte) said of such a vessel.
1799Naval Chron. I. 258 The Sceptre, 64 guns, armed en flute. 1832Marryat N. Forster xxxvi.
▪ III. flute, v.|fluːt|
[f. flute n.1, or ad. OF. fleüter, mod.F. flûter.]
1. a. intr. To play upon a flute or pipe.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 91 Syngynge he was or flowtynge al the day. 1485Caxton Paris & V. 89 Thys is he that so swetely songe and floyted. 1775Sheridan Duenna i. i, Fiddling, fluting, rhyming, ranting. 1842Tennyson To E. L. vi, To him who sat upon the rocks, And fluted to the morning sea. 1875M. E. Braddon Strange World i, Corydon fluting sweetly on his tuneful pipe.
quasi-trans.1867M. Arnold Poems, Thyrsis ix, And flute his friend, like Orpheus from the dead.
b. To whistle or sing in flute-like tones.
1800J. Hurdis Fav. Village 206 And ouzle fluting with melodious pipe. 1848Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. iv, Fluting like woodlarks, tender and low. 1859G. Meredith R. Feverel xiv, The blackbird fluted, calling to her with thrice mellow note.
2. trans. To play (an air, etc.) on a flute; to sing in flute-like notes.
1842Tennyson Morte d'Arthur 269 Some..swan..fluting a wild carol ere her death. 1847― Princess iv. 111 Men that lute and flute fantastic tenderness. 1847Emerson Poems, May Day 59 The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.
3. a. To form flutes (flute n.1 4, 5) in; to furnish with flutings; to arrange a dress, etc. in flutes.
1578Lyte Dodoens iv. xiv. 468 Bockwheate hath round stalkes chanellured and fluted (or forowed and crested). 1665Hooke Microgr. 148 The whole outward Superficies..is curiously adorned or fluted with little channels. 1723Chambers tr. Le Clerc's Treat. Archit. I. 79 It had been better..to have fluted the upper part. 1853Lindley Veg. Kingd. 601 The trunk appears as if fluted. 1862M. T. Morrall Hist. Needle Making 37 He also took out a patent for grooving or fluting the sides of sail needles. 1862Tyndall Mountaineer. ii. 12 Planing and fluting and scoring the rocks. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. ii. x, A hatband of wholesale capacity—which was fluted behind.
b. intr. To hang or jut out in flutings.
1896Sun 11 Dec. 1/7 Arranged with the usual side⁓pieces, which flute out gracefully to the lower edge. 1908M. & J. Findlater Crossriggs xxxi, Her skirts fluted out about her like the ruffled petals of a flower.
▪ IV. flut(t)e
obs. form of flit v. |