| 释义 |
▪ I. flue, flew, n.1|fluː|
Also 4 flowe, 5 flw(e, 6 flewe.
[cf. MDu. vluwe fishing-net (Du. flouw snipe-net), F. flu fine nappe d'un tramail (Boiste 1840: not in Littré), also flucq some kind of fishing apparatus (16th c. in Godef.); the mutual relation of the words is unknown.]
A kind of fishing-net; a. a drag-net, b. a fixed net. Also flue-net.
1388–9Accts. Abingdon Abbey (Camden) 57, J rete vocatum wade et j flowe. 1391R. de Ryllynton in Test. Ebor. I. 157 Willo Broune servienti meo..j flew, cum warrap et flot. c1440Promp. Parv. 168/1 Flwe, nette..tragum. 1465Mann. & Househ. Exp. 509 My master paid to Chelone fore knyttynge of a flew, xvj.d. 1569in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 329 Nor laye any flewe or other nett in any of the same waters. 1611Bible Hab. i. 15 They..gather them in their dragge [marg. flue-net]. 1630in Descr. Thames (1758) 66 No Fisherman..shall..use or exercise any Flue, Trammel..or hooped Net whatsoever. 1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 5 Fishing with trammels, or flews in March or April. 1851Newland Erne 75 It is generally caught by a flue, set between the openings of the weeds. 1882Three in Norway vi. 44 Seven boats..were out with a huge flue net.
▪ II. flue, n.2|fluː|
Also 6 floow, 7–9 flew.
[of unknown origin; cf. mod.Flem. vluwe of same meaning (Franck s.v. fluweel) which, like the Du. fluweel and med.L. fluetum velvet, is believed to be derived from Fr. velu hairy, downy. But see fluff n.1]
†1. A woolly or downy substance; down, nap. Also pl. bits of down. Obs.
1589Fleming Georg. Virg. iv. 69 Towels with nap shorne off (The floow or roughnes shorne away for feare to hurt his handes). 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 213 A bed filled with flew or wool of Hares. 1743Lond. & County Brew. ii. (ed. 2) 100 They will be as big as Lice with Rags or Flews about them. 1823in Crabb Technol. Dict., Flue, The soft down from feathers, and the skins from rabbits, etc.
2. esp. The light flocculent substance formed by floating particles of cotton, down, etc.; fluff.
1796H. Glasse Cookery xxvii. 387 That will gather up all the flew and dust. 1814Ware in Trans. Med. & Chirurg. Soc. 256 The flue that is swept from bedrooms. 1837Howitt Rur. Life iii. iii. (1862) 242 Amid heat and dust and flue from the cotton. 1860Dickens Uncomm. Trav. vi, Its old-established flue under its old-established four-post bedsteads. 1886E. Hodder Earl Shaftesbury I. iii. 139 Parched and suffocated by the dust and flue.
b. transf. Any light floating particle. Cf. flow n.3
c1825Beddoes Poems, Torrismond i. iii, It would not weigh a flue of melting snow In my opinion.
▪ III. flue, n.3|fluː|
[of unknown origin.
The exact primary sense is uncertain; assuming that it meant ‘channel, passage’, some have compared early mod.Du. vloegh flutings of a column (Kilian), and others would connect it with flow v. or flue v.1 It is possible that the primary reference may be to the fluing (see flue v.2) of the sides of the chimney in houses of the 16th c. This view derives some support from sense 5.]
1. In early use = chimney; subsequently a smoke-duct in a chimney. Hence extended to denote a channel of various kinds for conveying heat, etc., esp. a hot-air passage in a wall; a pipe or tube for conveying heat to water in certain kinds of steam-boilers.
1582in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 424 All flewes and chymneys..made of earth..shalbe taken downe. 1654Evelyn Diary 9 Aug., Y⊇ chimney flues like so many smiths forges. 1715Desaguliers Fires Impr. 12 Builders have..carried the Flue or Funnel bending. 1757W. Thompson R.N. Advoc. 33 Another notable Iron Invention, called a Flew, running through the Warehouses, fed with constant Fires to keep their dry Stores from being mouldy. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 312 Stoves heated by means of flues. 1839R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 115 Each fire place has a flue, or gigantic pipe, which circulates from end to end of the boiler, making as many turns as the boiler will hold. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. (1878) 4 He had to climb the dark flues rubbing his poor knees and elbows raw.
¶ The following passage is usually quoted as the earliest example of the word, which is supposed to mean here the spiral cavity of a shell. But flue is prob. a misprint for flute.
1562T. Phaer æneid x. G gj b, Wt whelkid shell Whose wrinckly wreathed flue, did fearful shril in seas outyell.
†2. Coal-mining. A sloping trough for conveying coal into a receptacle; a shoot. ? Obs.
1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 48 Galleries..terminating in flues or hurries, placed sloping over the quay, and thro' these the coal is discharged..into the holds of the ships.
3. Organ-building. The fissure or ‘wind-way’ characteristic of ‘mouth-pipes’ (hence also called flue-pipes: see 6) as opposed to ‘reed-pipes’.
1879Hopkins in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 535 All organ-stops in which the sound is produced by the wind passing through a fissure, flue, or wind-way..belong to the Flue-work.
4. slang. The spout in a pawnbroker's shop. in flue: in pawn. up the flue: (a) pawned, (b) dead, collapsed.
1821Egan Real Life in London I. 566 note, Up the spout or up the flue are synonimous in their import. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 250 I've had..to leave half my stock in flue with a deputy for a night's rest.
5. dial. (See quot.) [Perh. a distinct word.]
1787W. Marshall Norfolk (1795) II. 379 Flue, the coping of a gable or end-wall of a house.
6. attrib. and Comb., as flue-cleaner, flue-scraper, flue-tile, flue-tube; flue-like adj.; also flue-boiler (see quot.); flue-bridge, a wall of fire-brick in a reverberatory furnace, between the hearth and the flue; flue-brush (see quot.); flue-cinder (see quot.); flue-cure v. trans., to cure (tobacco) by using artificial heat introduced by flues; so flue-cured ppl. adj., flue-curing vbl. n.; flue-dust, dust which collects in the flue of a furnace, spec. of a metallurgical furnace, and which contains valuable particles of metal, etc.; flue-faker slang, (a) a chimney sweep; (b) (see quot. 1860); flue-full a., full to the flue, brimful; flue-gas, any mixture of gases from the flues of chemical or smelting factories; flue-pipe, an organ-pipe with a ‘flue’ (see 3), a mouth-pipe, as opposed to a reed-pipe; flue-plate (see quot.); flue-register, a register in an organ comprising a series of flue-pipes; flue-salt (see quot.); flue-stop, an organ stop controlling a flue-register; flue-surface (see quot.); flue-work, the flue-stops of an organ collectively, as distinguished from the reed-stops.
1859Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc. III. 522 My boiling was not conducted under as favorable auspices..as in the experiment previously alluded to with the *flue boiler. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 891/1 Flue-boiler, a steam-boiler whose water space is traversed by flues.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Flue-bridge.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 891/1 *Flue-brush, a cylindrical brush of wire or steel strips used to clean the scale and soot from the interior of a flue.
1873Weale's Dict. Terms Archit. etc. (ed. 4), *Flue cinder, the cinder from an iron reheating furnace.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 891/1 *Flue-cleaner.
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Flue-cure.
1905G. M. Odlum Culture of Tobacco 99 In case of the *flue-cured tobaccos, these barns would be too large to properly maintain the heat necessary. 1931Times (Trade & Engin. Suppl.) 5 Sept. 535/4 The progress has been confined..to the production of bright flue-cured tobacco, principally in Norfolk, Oxford, and Elgin counties in Ontario. 1966Times 23 May 16/5 The flue-cured crop represents only a small fraction of the Malawi tobacco crop.
1886C. G. W. Lock Tobacco iv. 220 We..have no space to describe the different methods of ‘curing’ tobacco, as, for instance,..‘*flue-curing’, ‘open-fire-curing’, &c. 1923Glasgow Herald 23 June 10 Each of these growers has a flue-curing barn.
1857R. S. Burn Steam-Engine (ed. 2) 77 Each chamber..is also connected with the bottom of the boiler by a series of vertical flue passages,..which..allow the *flue-dust to precipitate into the spaces beneath. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 42/2 Both kinds of gas, when issuing from the burner, hold in mechanical suspension a considerable quantity of ‘flue-dust’. 1917Nature C. 92/1 The flue-dust of blast-furnaces. 1951Engineering 20 July 75/2 Behaviour of aggregates of small particles such as..boiler flue dusts.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., *Flue-faker. 1860Slang Dict. (ed. 2), Flue fakers..low sporting characters, who are so termed from their chiefly betting on the Great Sweeps.
1703Thoresby Let. to Ray 27 Apr., *Flue-full, brim-full, flowing full.
1898Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. ii. 188 *Flue Gases in Relation to Furnace Efficiency. 1900Engineering Mag. XIX. 760/1 The now easy process of flue-gas analysis. 1958Chambers's Techn. Dict. Suppl. 980/1 Flue gas temperature, temperature of flue gases at the point in the flue where it leaves the furnace.
1908Westm. Gaz. 9 Mar. 8/2 The bursting in of the door..sent the flames up through the *flue-like staircase.
1852Seidel Organ 27 The intonation of the *flue-pipes.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 891/1 *Flue-plate, a plate into which the ends of the flue are set.
1852Seidel Organ 27 Kaufmann, of Dresden..made experiments with *flue-registers.
1884Chester Gloss., *Flue salt..the waste salt formed on the flues where the lumps are dried.
1855Hopkins & Rimbault Organ xxi. 109 A *Flue-stop [is] a similar series of lip pipes.
a1877Knight Dict. Mech. I. 891/1 *Flue-surface (Steam-engine), the area of surface of the boiler which is exposed to the action of the flame and heated gases after they have left the fire⁓chamber or furnace. The heating surface of a boiler is made up of the fire-surface and flue-surface.
1859Archaeol. Cant. II. p. xli, A very remarkable example of a Roman *flue-tile.
1878Design & Work IV. 335/1 Smoke and soot were discharged in such abundance as speedily to choke the *flue-tubes.
1876J. Hiles Catech. Organ ix. (1878) 57 All lip-stops belong to the *Flue-work.
▪ IV. flue, n.4|fluː|
Also flew.
[of obscure etymology; Sw. has fly in sense 2. It is not certain that senses 1 and 2 are of identical orgin.]
†1. ‘The tip of a deer's [?] horn’ (Halliwell s.v. Flewed). Obs.
1532–3[app. implied in flued ppl. a.2].
2. Naut. The fluke of an anchor; also that of a harpoon.
c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 57 The fish-tackle is..hooked to the inner flue. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 175 Ships which allow of the inner flues being got inboard.
▪ V. flue, n.5
Obs. var. flu.
▪ VI. flue, n.6 Obs. exc. dial.|fluː|
Also flew.
[app. a corruption of fleume, obs. form of fleam.]
A farrier's lancet, a fleam.
1790W. Marshall Midl. Counties II. 437 Flews, phlemes, for bleeding cattle, etc. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Flues, farriers' lancets.
▪ VII. flue, flew, a.1 Obs. exc. dial.|fluː|
Also 6 flewe.
[of obscure origin; possibly related to flow v.; cf. the relation of fleet a. (= shallow) to fleet v.]
1. Shallow.
c1440Promp. Parv. 167/1 Flew, or scholde, as vessell, bassus. 1552Huloet, Flewe or not deape, but as one may wade, breuia. 1651H. More Enthus. Triumph. (1656) 171, I hope you do not think, that I meant your skull was so flue and shallow that [etc.]. Ibid. 318. a 1825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Flue, shallow.
2. = flan a. (See quots., and flue v.2)
1676H. More Remarks 142 And the like experiment he makes..of a heated Beer-glass with a more flew mouth. 1881Leicester Gloss., Flew, open, wide, expanded. ‘Your bonnet is too flew’; ‘a flew dish’, i.e. one with wide spreading sides.
▪ VIII. flue, flew, a.2 Obs. exc. dial.|fluː|
[of uncertain origin; it corresponds in sense to OF. flo, flou (whence mod.F. flou in a specific sense relating to painting) and to Du. flauw, LG., mod.HG. flau; but the mutual relation of the words is disputed. See also fluey, a.
The initial f instead of v in Du. word is usually an indication of foreign origin (exc. in the case of onomatopœias); hence Kluge and Franck regard flauw as adopted, like the Eng. word, from Fr.; the ultimate source being OTeut. *hlêwo- (Ger. lau, Eng. lew) lukewarm. This is not very satisfactory. If Du. flauw were a native word, it might correspond to an OE. *fleowe (:—*flawjo-) related to OHG. flewen to rinse, wash; for the sense cf. washy.]
Weak, tender, sickly, delicate.
1613–16W. Browne Brit. Past. iii. i. Wks. (Hazlitt) II. 149 She is flewe, and never will be fatter. 1679Lond. Gaz. No. 1416/4 A flew Horse, and a star very remarkable in his forehead. 1736Pegge Kenticisms (E.D.S.), Flue, tender, weak; of a horse or person. 1836Cooper Provincialisms Sussex s.v., ‘That horse is very flue’. 1889in Hurst Horsham Sussex Gloss. s.v., ‘My Fanny is ill again, poor dear, she is so flue’.
▪ IX. † flue, v.1 Obs. rare.
[ad. OF. flue-r, L. flu-ĕre to flow.]
intr. To flow. Of parchment: To allow the ink to ‘run’.
1483Caxton Vocab. 22 b, Josse the parchemyn maker Solde me a skyn of parchemyn. That all fluede [Fr. qui tout flua]. 1483Cath. Angl. 136/2 To Flue, fluere.
▪ X. flue, v.2|fluː|
[App. f. flue a.1 (sense 2). Cf. flan v. f. flan a.]
intr. To expand; to splay. Hence ˈfluing vbl. n., the divergent lines of a splayed opening; flued, ˈfluing ppl. a.
1778W. Pain Carpenter's Repos. Plate 51 A circular Soffit in a circular Wall, which is flewing on the Jambs. Ibid., Draw the Flewing of the Jambs c. d. and e. f. to meet at the Point a. Ibid., Figure A. is a circular Soffit on flewing Jambs. 1853Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Flued, this word is applied instead of Splayed to a circular or semi-circular splayed opening. 1893S.E. Worc. Gloss., Flewed (of a hoop) to be made larger on one side than on the other so that it may fit the taper shape of a cask.
▪ XI. flue
obs. pa. tense of fly v.1 |