| 释义 |
▪ I. fleam
obs. and dial. var. of phlegm.
▪ II. fleam, n.1|fliːm|
Forms: 6 fleume, 7 flame, fleame, fleme, (8 fleem, flegme), 8, 9 dial. flem, (fleyam, vlem), 7– fleam. Also 8 phleam, 9 phleme. See also flue.
[a. OF. flieme (Fr. flamme) = Pr. flecme, Sp. fleme, It. fiama, repr. med.L. fletoma (Wr.-Wülck. 400), flēdomum (Leiden Gloss. OET. 114), from late Lat. flebotomum, ad. Gr. ϕλεβοτόµον: see phlebotomy. From the med.L. forms were adopted OE. flýtme, OHG. flietuma, fliedema (MHG. fliedeme, vliete(n, vliedene, mod.Ger. fliete); cf. also MDu. vlîme, vlieme. The mod.F. use = sense 2 below.]
1. A surgical instrument for letting blood or for lancing the gums; a lancet. In Great Britain Obs. or arch.; the U.S. dicts. c 1897 treated it as still current for a gum-lancet.
[a1000Aldhelm Gl. in Zeitschr. f. d. A. IX. 453 Flebotomo, blodsexe vel flytman.] 1552Huloet, Bloude lettynge..the instrumente wherwyth bloude is letten, called a fleume. 1611Cotgr., Deschaussoir, a Fleame; the toole wherewith Barbers diuide the gum from the tooth which they would draw out. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xiii. 481/2 An..Ancient Flegme, or Fleame. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 76 A little Fleem made of a Flint. 1790J. Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ep. to J. Bruce 230 Wks. 1812 II. 166 Nor Scotch'd with fleams a sceptered Lady's hide. 1859Thackeray Virgin. xl, Get a fleam, Gumbo, and bleed him. 1865Tylor Early Hist. Man. viii. 219 The sharp stone with which the native phleme used to be armed. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 881/2 Fleam, a gum-lancet.
2. A kind of lancet used for bleeding horses.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme i. xxviii. 123 The Farrier..must neuer be vnprouided..with tooles..as fleame to let bloud with [etc.]. 1748tr. Vegetius' Distemp. Horses 46 You shall Strike into it a Fleam made of hard steel. 1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. III. 104 The principal Manufactures here [in Sheffield] are..Razors, Lancets, Phleams [etc.]. 1847Youatt Horse xi. 362 Bleeding..is performed with a fleam or a lancet.
3. Comb., as fleam-shaped adj. Also fleam-stick (see quot. 1842); fleam-tooth, a fleam-shaped tooth of a saw.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvii. 206 The *fleam-shaped tips of their lances were of unmistakable steel.
1842Akerman Gloss. Wilts, *Flem-stick, the small staff used to strike the flem into the vein.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 881/2 *Fleam-tooth.
▪ III. fleam, n.2|fliːm|
In 4–7 fleme, 4, 9 dial. flem.
[App. a var. of flume (ME. flum), which has both senses; but the phonology is obscure; there may be some confusion with a Teut. word, OE. *fléam:—*flaumo- f. root of OHG. flawen to wash.]
†1. A stream, river. Chiefly in flem Jordan = L. flumen Jordanis. Obs.
c1300St. Margarete lviii, Ant let the folewen in holi fonston, Ase ihū christ was ymself y the flem iurdan. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 309 Þe grete flem of þy flod folded me vmbe. c1430Syr Tryam. 142 To fleme Jordon and to Bedlem. 1516in Myrr. our Ladye (1873) p. l, The water of fleme Iordane was stopped ayenst the natural course.
2. An artificial channel, watercourse, mill-stream. Now only dial.
1523Fitzherb. Surv. xi. (1539) 55 By a mylne fleme made with mens hande. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 356 Cutting a fleme or main carriage 18 foot broad. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Wordbk., Flem, a mill-stream i.e. the channel of water from the main-stream to the mill. 1881Leicester Gloss., Fleam, a ‘mill-tail’, the stream that flows from a watermill after having turned the wheel.
▪ IV. fleam, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.|fliːm|
[f. prec. n.2]
intr. To flow, stream. Also, transf. to drift away.
c1400Destr. Troy xxv. 10004 Blode flemyt o fer in flattes aboute. c1465Eng. Chron. 92 His trew blode has flemed bothe be swerde and exyle. 1863R. Buchanan Undertones 120 As the vapours fleam'd away, behold! I saw..A nymph.
▪ V. † fleam, v.2 Obs. rare.
In 5 flym.
[ad. OF. flime-r, flieme-r, f. flieme fleam n.1]
trans. To cut with a lancet.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 434 b/1 Anone the same lytel whelke beganne to blede as one had flymed hit.
▪ VI. fleam
var. of fleme n. and v. |