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▪ I. finance, n.1|fɪ-, faɪˈnæns, ˈfaɪ|
Forms: 5 fenaunce, 5–6 fin-, fynaunce, (5 fynance), 5– finance.
[a. OF. finance, n. of action f. finer to end, to settle a dispute or a debt, pay ransom, to bargain for, to furnish, procure, f. fin: see fine n. The senses now current are adopted from mod.Fr.
Johnson 1755 and some mod. Dicts. mark the stress on the first syllable, though all editions of Bailey (1721–90) have the stress on the second syllable; ‘now usual’ (N.E.D., 1897).]
†1. Ending, an end. Obs. rare.
a1400Cov. Myst. (1841) 223 God, that alle thynge dede make of nowth..puttyst each creature to his fenaunce. 1616in Bullokar.
†2.
a. Settlement with a creditor; payment of a debt; compensation or composition paid or exacted. Obs.
c1400Beryn 2534 To make for yeur wrongis to ȝew riȝte hiȝe fenaunce. 14..Lament, Mary Magd. (Chaucer's Wks. 1561), There is no more, but dethe is my fynaunce. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 926 Thar finance maid, delyuerit gold full sone.
b. esp. A payment for release from captivity or punishment; a ransom. Phrase, to put to (one's) finance = Fr. mettre à finance. Obs.
1439Rolls Parl. V. 22/1 Where as the seid Countesse..hath made a Lone of a MCCli. to the seid Erle of Somerset, for the payment of his fenaunce. 1475Bk. Noblesse 14 The said King Johan was put to finaunce and raunsom of thre millions of scutis of gold. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxi. 193 Y⊇ other knyghtes..were put to their fynaunce. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 120 The sayde Foulkes after he had lyen a certaine of tyme in prison, was for his finance delivered. 1597Guistard & Sismond B ij, I for your finaunce give that ye love best.
†3. Supply (of goods); stock of money; treasure, substance. to make finance [= OF. faire finance]: to furnish supplies. Obs.
1475Bk. Noblesse 9 Thoroughe lak of provision of men of armes, tresour, and finaunce of suffisaunt nombre of goodes. 1489Act Dom. Conc. 129 That nain of thaim..supple the said James in making of fynance or vtherwais. 1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxi. 225 Yf the procurer or tuter of ony faderlesse chyldren gyueth theyr fynaunce unto usurye. 1692–1732in Coles.
†4. Borrowing of money at interest. Obs.
1552Chamberlain Let. 8 Jan. in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xiii. 349 The Emperor..sought..to have what he could by finance and other means. 1721Strypte Ibid. II. xiii. 350 There was no money to be had at finance in Antwerp under 16 in the hundred for one year.
†5. A tax; taxation; the revenues of a sovereign or state (in pl. passing into 6). Obs.
1489Caxton Faytes of A. iii. xiv. 200 A prynce..ought before hande to..see where and how hys fynaunce shal be made and taken. 1548Hall Chron. (1809) 161 In like robes folowed the Lordes..of the finaunce. c1598Lambarde Office of Alienations in Bacon's Wks. 1778 II. 401 All the finances or revenues of the imperial crown..be either extraordinary or ordinary. 1670Cotton Espernon ii. vii. 306 Bulion..Sur-Intendant of the Finances.
6. pl. The pecuniary resources,
a. primarily, of a sovereign or state;
b. transf. of a company or an individual.
a.1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. 33 To their wisdom was committed the supreme administration of justice and of the finances. 1845McCulloch Taxation iii. ii. (1852) 444 The management of the finances of a great nation.
b.1739Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 169 The finances of the other house held it not above one season more. 1766Cowper Wks. (1837) XV. 13 My finances will never be able to satisfy these craving necessities. 1783Fox Sp. E. India Bill 1 Dec. in Sp. (1815) II. 247 The finances of the East India company. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg., Sir Rupert 16 These, and a few less defensible fancies Brought the Knight to the end of his slender finances.
¶c. Expenditure. ? nonce-use.
1730Gay Let. to Swift 6 Dec. (1766) II. 118 The duchess is a more severe check upon my finances than ever you were.
7. The management of money, esp. public money; the science which concerns itself with the levying and application of revenue in a state, corporation, etc. † man of finance = financier.
1770Junius Lett. xxxix. 201 His first enterprise in finance. 1814Wellington in Gurw. Desp. XII. 119 The law on finance yesterday passed the House of Peers. 1816Bentham Law Taxes Wks. 1843 II. 581 It is too much to expect of a man of finance, that [etc.]. 1845McCulloch Taxation iii. i. (1852) 417 No scheme of finance can be bottomed on sound principles which disguises these necessary consequences of war.
8. attrib. and Comb., as finance-chamber, finance committee, finance-minister (sense 7); † finance-making vbl. n. (sense 2 b); finance bill, a legislative bill containing financial provisions; finance company, house, a company that is primarily concerned with the financing of hire-purchase transactions.
1901L. H. Courtney Working Const. U.K. 24 What used to be called the Customs and Inland Revenue Bill, received in 1894 the name of the *Finance Bill. 1959Chambers's Encycl. X. 451/1 Even finance bills are often declared not to be money bills. 1971Money Which? Mar. 4/1 The tax changes the Chancellor proposes in his speech are set out in detail in the Finance Bill—published about a fortnight later.
1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 251 The emperor had..been required to restore to the empire its *finance chambers (Kammern).
1807Morn. Chron. in Spir. Publ. Jrnls. (1808) XI. 112 That *Finance Committee.
1926Economist 9 Oct. 576/2 This credit is passed on by the sellers of the goods either to banks with which they have established relations or to one of the many ‘*finance’ companies which have been established solely to cater for this sort of business. 1968Listener 6 June 725/2 Large companies..in turn are often owned by finance companies much larger than themselves.
1929Economist 27 July 181/2 He declared that the hostility at one time evoked by the idea of hire-purchase or installment selling was passing..and that the long-term credit bank or *finance house had an essential contribution to make to the national welfare. 1958Spectator 22 Aug. 262/3 A Birmingham hire-purchase finance house.
a1467Gregory Chron. 152 Withowte anny of *fynaunce makynge or ramsom.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. 1808 V. 405 The plain obvious duty of a common *finance minister. 1845McCulloch Taxation iii. iii. (1852) 468 Our finance ministers can claim no credit for peculiar..ability in this respect.
▪ II. † finance, n.2 Sc. Obs.
Also 6 fynance.
[? a. AF. *finance, f. finer to refine, f. fin fine a.]
Fineness (of precious metals).
1473Sc. Acts Jas. III (1814) II. 105/1 Þe new pennyis..haue þe course..vnto þe tyme þat þe fynance of þame be knawne. 1478Ibid. (1814) II. 118/2 His hienes..sall..mak a sett & Reuyle [rule] of his moneye baith gold & siluer of þe wecht & finance þat It sall halde. 1555Sc. Act. Mary (1814) II. 499/1 That na goldsmyth mak..siluer vnder the iust fynance of elleuin penny fyne vnder the pane of deid.
▪ III. finance, v.|fɪ-, faɪˈnæns|
[f. finance n.1]
†1.
a. trans. To put to ransom.
b. intr. To pay ransom. Obs.
1478Plumpton Corr. p. lxii, Some of them labored and treated by them to make them fynance, as they had bene the Kings enemies. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 362 [They] caryed away with theym many of the cytezeyns, beynge ryche, and fynauncyd theym at great summes of money.
2. trans. To furnish with finances or money; to find capital for.
1866Times 2 Feb. 7/5 To finance a business..a new verb..is to supply it with capital to make a daring speculation. 1883F. P. Henry in Law Times 28 July 247/2 It was alleged that Manning..had financed or backed Hannam, a cattle dealer, lending him money to trade with.
3. intr. To conduct or engage in financial operations, to manage monetary affairs; to provide oneself with capital.
1827[see next]. 1885Daily News 12 Feb. 5/7 He financed, in the most successful manner, with paper money.
Hence fiˈnancing vbl. n.; also attrib.
1827Hone Every-day Bk. II. 12 They [our ancestors] had no counting-houses, no ledgers, no commerce, no..financing. 1866Morn. Star 17 Mar., The old board allowed this man to do what was sometimes called financing. 1881Carlyle in Froude Life in Lond. II. xxiv. 481 Those millions you have heaped together with your financing work. |