| 释义 |
▪ I. feud, n.1|fjuːd|
Forms: α. (after the early 14th c. almost exclusively Sc.) 3–6 fede, 4 fed, (6 fade), 6–7 fead, feed(e, 4–8 feid(e. β. 6 food(e, feood, fude, 6–7 fuid(e, 6–8 fewd(e, 7 feaud, feode, feude, 7– feud.
[The northern ME. fede is a. OF. fede, feide, faide (the phrase fede mortel = ‘deadly feud’ is recorded from 13th c.), ad. OHG. fêhida (whence MHG. vêhede, vêde, mod.G. fehde) = OE. fǽhþ(u enmity:—OTeut. *faihiþâ str. fem., noun of quality or state f. *faiho- adj.: see foe. In 14–15th c. the word occurs only in Sc. writers, the form being always fede, feide, or something phonetically equivalent. In the 16th c. it was adopted in England (being often expressly spoken of as a northern word), with an unexplained change of form, as food(e, feood, fuid, fewd, whence in 17th c. the form now current. The ordinary statement that the change of form was due to the influence of feud n.2 is obviously incorrect; feud n.2 is not recorded in our material until half a century after the appearance of the forms foode, fewd, and would not account for them even if it were proved to have existed earlier; moreover, even in the 17th c. it was merely a rare technical word used by writers on the ‘feudal system’, and its sense is too remote from that of the northern feide for the assumed influence to have operated.
A plausible supposition is that there was an OE. *féod str. fem. (f. féoȝan to hate) corresponding to Goth. fijaþwa as fréod friendship to Goth. frijaþwa. This would in ME. normally become fede, coalescing with the Rom. word of similar sound and meaning; but there may have been a northern Eng. dialect in which the word was pronounced with a ‘rising’ diphthong cf. mod.Eng. four from OE. féower), and from which the β forms were adopted. In 17th c. the word was occasionally altered into foehood.]
†1. Active hatred or enmity, hostility, ill-will.
α [Beowulf 109 Ne ᵹefeah he þære fæhðe.] a1300Cursor M. 27455 (Cott.) He haldes wreth in hert and fede. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Margarete 476 For þare vertu fed haf I. c1470Henry Wallace i. 354 A mar quiet sted, Quhar Wilȝham mycht be bettir fra thair fede. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 969 His wyfe wuld he nocht forȝet, for dout of Goddis feid. 1556Lauder Tractate 11 Nother to spair, for lufe nor fede, To do dew Iustice to the dede. 1570Levins Manip. 205/34 Feade, odium. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 92 The fade and inimitie borne towards thair parents. 1787Burns Tam Samson's Elegy x, Till coward death behind him jumpit, Wi deadly feide.
β1566Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 1 Two..cities..bare eche other..deadlye foode. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. i. 26 Deadly feood. 1598Florio, Aizza, anger, fude, moode. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iii. §3. 187 This immortall fewde against worshippers of the true God. 1705Dyet of Poland 4 A Vice which rankles up to Fewd.
b. Sc. Used in contradistinction to favour.
α1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 622 The veritie..thay sulde declare, Without regarde to fauour or to fede. 1560Rolland Seven Sages (1837) 1 Thay tuke na cure of na manis fauour nor feid. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 137 For feed or favour of anie man. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 446 Thus have I..spoken nothing..but the trueth, and that impartiallie, without fead or favour to any.
β1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 145 Decided without feud or favour.
2. A state of bitter and lasting mutual hostility. (From 16th c. often with allusion to 3.) Phrases: to be at (deadly) feud, † to have (a person) at feud.
αc1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. ix. 529 In þare ire Of awld Fede, and gret dyscord. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 201 Syne sueir on bell and buik, That euerie on to vther sould be trew In tyme to cum for ald feid or for new. a1775Hobie Noble ix. in Child Ballads (1890) vii. clxxxix. 2/2 The land⁓sergeant has me at feid.
β1583Golding Calvin on Deut. iv. 21 Hee will alwayis bee at deadly foode with mee. 1601Holland Pliny x. lxxiv. 308 Crowes and Owles are at mortall feaud one with another. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 10 His Queene and his..heire were at deadly fuide with him. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 603 Of which sort there are divers at this day..at deadly feode with the other Jewes. c1661Argyle's Will in Harl. Misc. (1746) VIII. 30/2 He [Argyle] was at Feud with all his Superiors in Scotland. a1715Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 6 Seeds of lasting feuds and animosities. 1847Grote Greece ii. xlvii. (1862) IV. 189 Their ancient feud against Korkyra. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 77 A partizan of Tostig would naturally be at feud with Oswulf.
3. A state of perpetual hostility between two families, tribes, or individuals, marked by murderous assaults in revenge for some previous insult or injury. More fully deadly feud. Cf. vendetta. Phrases as in 2.
α1582–8Hist. James VI (1804) 225 That nathing done..be comptit as deadlie fead in judgement. 1599Jas. I βασιλ. Δωρον (1603) 47 Rest not, until yee roote out these barbarous feides. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 46 For the mainteining of weir (or deadlie fead) quhilk he hes with ane other. a1657Sir J. Balfour Ann. Scot. (1824–5) II. 68 His Maiesties sentence and decreitt being read concerning all feeds and matters of blood betuix the Hayes and Gordons.
β1568Lambarde αρχαιονοµία B iij, Capitales inimicitiæ, Saxonicè fœþh [sic], nomen..a borealibus Anglis hac nostra memoria vsurpatum. Illi vero dictione non ita multum a priori dissidente, fewd, et Deadly fewd appellant. 1601Act 43 Eliz. c. 13 Whoesoever shall..take any of her Majestie's Subjects..or make a praye or spoile of his Persone or Goodes, upon deadlie feude or otherwise. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xi. 525 Mutuall feuds and battels betwixt their seuerall Tribes and kindreds. 1797Tomlins Law Dict., Deadly feud is a profession of an irreconcileable hatred, till a person is revenged even by the death of his enemy. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iii. iv, Until these feuds so fierce and fell The Abbot reconciles. 1845H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. i. vi. 317 A tribe which was at deadly feud with the Joasmis. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. vii. 108 Carrying out an ancestral deadly feud.
†4. A murderous conspiracy. Obs. rare—1.
So OF. feide. This is our only southern instance of the word before 16th c.
c1300K. Alis. 96 Kyng Phelippe, of gret thede, Maister was of that feide.
5. A quarrel, contention, bickering.
αc1565Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 6 If it shall chance us to continue any further in this fead it shall redound to his advantage.
β1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. vi. §1 We see how small a matter will beget a feud between learned men. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. v. §17 The perpetual feuds between the patricians and plebeians. 1754Richardson Grandison (1781) IV. iv. 23 We were in the midst of a feud when you arrived. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. vii. 279 The domestic feuds which agitated the family of Temenus. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 53 The hero had come not to seek feud, nor to provoke insult.
6. attrib., as feud-foe. Also, feud-bote, Hist. [ad. OE. fǽhþ-bót], a recompense for engaging in a feud, a compensation for homicide.
[c1000Laws Ethelred ix. §25 And ne þearf æniᵹ mynster⁓munuc ahwar mid rihte fæhð-bote biddan ne fæhð-bote betan.] 1681Blount Glossogr., Feud-boote. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Feud-bote. 1721–1800in Bailey. 1640King & North. Man 343 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 306 If that I doe ever meete with your fewd foes, Ise sweare by this staffe that their hide I won bang.
▪ II. feud, feod, n.2|fjuːd|
[ad. med.L. feudum, feodum: see fee n.2]
1. = fee n.2 1.
1614Selden Titles Hon. 61, I might with casting about, frame the nature of Feuds, or Patronage. 1708Termes de la Ley 336 Feod is a right which the Vassal hath in Land. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 151 The Conqueror conferred the estates..on his principal followers as strict feuds. 1872E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 256 The Benefice began to be converted into the hereditary Feud.
2. = fee n.2 3.
1806A. Duncan Nelson 117 His Majesty conferred on him the title of Duke of Bronte, annexing to it the feud of that name. 1825T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 91 Residing constantly on their patrimonial feuds. 1865Maffei Brigand Life II. 271 The old papal feud of Beneventum.
▪ III. feud, v.|fjuːd|
[f. feud1.]
intr. To conduct a feud. Hence ˈfeuding ppl. a. and vbl. n.
1673P. Walsh Advocate of Conscience Liberty ii. 24 Resolved in all meetings to feud about the Rom. Religion. 1900in Eng. Dial. Dict. 1910‘O. Henry’ Whirligigs (1916) x. 104, I was told that the Durkees and Tatums had been feuding for years. 1938Amer. Speech XIII. 195 Feuding. 1952Economist 24 May 517 Two sets of feuding delegates, each demanding to be recognized. 1952History Today July 451 (title) A Background to feuding: the vendetta in Kentucky. Ibid. 452/2 The figure of the feuding hillman..is a phenomenon of modern America rather than of pioneer times. 1955P. M. Kendall Richard Third i. i. 32 Such was the feuding among the nobles that if one Lord espoused York's cause, another instantly upheld the Queen. 1959Birmingham Mail 5 Feb. 3/8 There's more feuding at the factory. |