| 释义 |
▪ I. fetish, n.|ˈfɛtɪʃ, ˈfiːtɪʃ|
Forms: 7–8 fetisso, (8 feitisso), (7 fateish, 9 feteesh, -tisch, -tishe, -tiss), 8– fetich(e, fetish.
[a. F. fétiche, ad. Pg. feitiço n. charm, sorcery (from which the earliest Eng. forms are directly adopted) = Sp. hechizo in same sense; a subst. use of feitiço adj. ‘made by art, artificial, skilfully contrived’ = Sp. hechizo, It. fattizio, OF. faitis (see featous):—L. factīcius factitious.]
1. a. Originally, any of the objects used by the Negroes of the Guinea coast and the neighbouring regions as amulets or means of enchantment, or regarded by them with superstitious dread. b. By writers on anthropology (following C. de Brosses, Le Culte des Dieux Fétiches, 1760) used in wider sense: An inanimate object worshipped by primitive peoples on account of its supposed inherent magical powers, or as being animated by a spirit.
A fetish (in sense 1 b) differs from an idol in that it is worshipped in its own character, not as the image, symbol, or occasional residence of a deity.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage VI. xv. (1614) 651 Hereon were set many strawen Rings called Fatissos or Gods. 1696J. Ovington Voy. Suratt 67 They [these Africans] travel nowhere without their Fateish about them. 1723J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 102 There is also at Cabo Corso, a publick Fetish, the Guardian of them all; and that is the Rock Tabra. 1746J. Barbot Descr. Guinea 230 The..gold is..cast into sundry shapes and sizes, which some there call Fetissos, signifying in Portuguese charms. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 294 The chief fetiche is the snake. 1803T. Winterbottom Sierra Leone I. vii. 123 The gree-gree, or fetish, hung round their neck. Ibid. I. xiv. 228 Idols. These are called Fe-teesh. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1837) III. 84 As well might the poor African prepare for himself a fetisch by plucking out the eyes of the eagle. 1851–9Prichard in Man. Sci. Enq. 265 Others..worship fetiches or visible objects in which they suppose some magical or supernatural power to be concealed. 1865Livingstone Zambesi xxv. 523 A greegree or fetish is thrown away as useless when the consecrating nostrum is discovered to be inoperative. 1879Encycl. Brit. IX. 118 If the wishes of the worshipper be not granted..the fetich.. is kicked, stamped on, dragged through the mud.
c. fig. Something irrationally reverenced.
1837Emerson Addr. Amer. Schol. Wks. (Bohn) II. 183 Some fetish of a government..is cried up by half mankind. 1867Goldw. Smith Three Eng. Statesmen (1882) 192 He was a worshipper of Constitutional Monarchy. It was his fetish. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 140 Public opinion, the fetish even of the nineteenth century.
d. Psychol. An object, a non-sexual part of the body, or a particular action which abnormally serves as the stimulus to, or the end in itself of, sexual desire.
1901E. Morselli in Baldwin Dict. Philos. I. 380/2 In certain perversions of the sexual instinct, the person, part of the body, or particular object belonging to the person by whom the impulse is excited, is called the fetich of the patient. 1954Dorcus & Shaffer Textbk. Abnormal Psychol. (ed. 4) vii. 262 It is only when the fetish assumes the proportion that it inhibits the usual processes of the amatory desire that it belongs in the latter [abnormal] category. 1963A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex 71 Fetish, some object to which special sexual significance is attached.
†2. In representations of Negro language: Incantation, worship; a magical or religious rite or observance; an oath. Obs.
1705W. Bosman Guinea x. (1721) 123 They cry out, Let us make Fetiche; by which they express as much, as let us perform our Religious Worship. Ibid., If they are injured by another, they make Fetiche to destroy him. 1727W. Snelgrave Acc. Guinea (1734) 22 The Lord of the Place had taken his Fetiche or Oath. Ibid. 59 They have all their particular Fetiches..Some are to eat no Sheep, others no Goats. 1802M. Edgeworth Grateful Negro (1832) 245 note, An old Koromantyn negro..administered the fetish, or solemn oath. 1828G. W. Bridges Ann. Jamaica II. xix. 404 To take a fetiche is to take an oath, and to make a fetiche is to render worship.
†3. (See quot.) Obs.
1705W. Bosman Guinea vi. (1721) 65 Gold..mixed with Fetiche's, which are a sort of artificial Gold composed of several Ingredients.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as fetish-bird, fetish-ceremony, fetish-day, fetish-gold, fetish-house, fetish object, fetish-priest, fetish-word, fetish-worship.
b. objective, as fetish-monger, fetish-worshipper, fetish-worshipping; also fetish-man, -woman, (a) one who claims to have communion with and power over fetishes, a fetish-priest; (b) a fetish-worshipper.
1924R. M. Ogden tr. Koffka's Growth of Mind vi. 347 If a white man shoots an invulnerable *fetish-bird, this does not destroy the bird's invulnerability in their eyes.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xv. (1614) 649 Causing her to eat salt with divers *Fetisso ceremonies hereafter mentioned.
1819T. E. Bowdich Miss. to Ashantee ii. iv. 266 In Ashantee there is not a common *fetish day.
1723J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 183 The *Fetish-Gold is that which the Negroes cast into various Shapes and wear as Ornaments.
1819T. E. Bowdich Miss. to Ashantee ii. iii. 254 The gold..deposited with their bones in the *fetish house..is sacred.
1723J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 101 The Cunning of the *Fetish-Man (or Priest). 1836Marryat Midsh. Easy 9 He..went away in wrath to the fetishman, and..asked for a fetish against his rival. 1889Dublin Rev. Jan. 134 A rude tribe of fetishmen and idol-worshippers.
1888Scott. Leader 9 Oct. 4 The innate separatism of the Unionist *fetishmonger stands confessed.
1914W. McDougall Introd. Soc. Psychol. Suppl. ii. 407 If woman were by nature nothing more for man than an object capable of stimulating his ‘erogenous zones’..she would be merely the chief of many ‘*fetish objects’. 1958Spectator 1 Aug. 168/3 His favourite teddy or toy or whatever is his ‘fetish object’ should, of course, go with him.
1877tr. Tiele's Hist. Relig. 10 The power possessed by the..*fetish priests is by no means small.
1723J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 104 At Accra they have *Fetish-Women..who pretend Divination. 1870Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. i. (1875) 22 The Fetish women in Dahomey.
a1930D. H. Lawrence Phoenix (1936) 396 To most of us today it [sc. ‘God’] is a *fetish-word.
1807W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XXIII. 539 The Veneration for the Lares was originally a *Fetiche-worship. 1860Tristram Gt. Sahara i. 16 Traces of fetish worship in Algiers.
1857Sat. Rev. III. 345/2 Miserable *fetish-worshippers.
1860W. G. Clark Vac. Tour 54 One must go among *fetish-worshipping savages.
Hence ˈfetishized a.
1889P. T. Forsyth Religion in Recent Art 184 The Christian faith, not parched..or fetishised, but pervaded..with the solemn human soul. 1962Listener 22 Mar. 512/2 Lukács's description of existentialism as a ‘permanent carnival of fetishized inwardness’ touched a raw nerve.
▪ II. † ˈfetish, v. Obs.
[f. prec.]
a. trans. To provide or adorn with a fetish: see fetish n. 1.
b. intr. for refl. To adorn oneself, dress up.
1723J. Atkins Voy. Guinea (1735) 61 The Women are fondest of what they call Fetishing, setting themselves out to attract the good Graces of the Men. Ibid. 73 The Natives are..better fetished than their Neighbours. Ibid. 88 The Women fetish with a coarse Paint of Earth on their Faces. Ibid. 95 She..being always barefoot and fetished with Chains and Gobbets of Gold, at her Ancles. |