| 释义 |
fennel|ˈfɛnəl|
Forms: 1 finuᵹl, finul(e, fenol, finol, 3, 5 fenyl(le, (4 fynel, 5, 7 fenil, 6 foenall), 4–7 fenel(l(e, 6–7 fennell, 7– fennel. See also finkle.
[OE. finuᵹl, finule wk. fem., fenol, finul masc., ad. popular L. fēnuclum, fēnoclum (substituted for class. L. fæniculum, dim. of fænum hay); from the same form come OF. fenoil (mod.F. fenouil), Pr. fenolh, It. finocchio, Sp. hinojo.]
1. A fragrant perennial umbellifer (Fæniculum vulgare) having yellow flowers, cultivated chiefly for its use in sauces eaten with salmon, etc.
a700Epinal Gloss. 451 Finiculus, finuᵹl. c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 322 Feniculum, fenol. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xiii. 44 The fenyl ant the fille. 1393Gower Conf. III. 129 His herbe..The vertuous fenel. 1486Bk. St. Albans B iv b, Wassh the flesh..in y⊇ Juce of fenell. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 41 a, Wyne..wherin the rootes of persely or fenel be stieped. 1538Turner Libellus, Foenell, Feniculum. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. v. 180 There's Fennell for you. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 581 A savorie odour..more pleas'd my sense Than smell of sweetest Fenel. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 260 Fennel..contains a subtil Spice. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 234 With aspen boughs, and flowers and fennel gay. 1796H. Glasse Cookery xviii. 291 Garnish with fennel and parsley. 1841–6Longfellow Goblet of Life v, The fennel with its yellow flowers. 1879Browning Pheidippides 82 This herbage I bear—Fennel, whatever it bode.
b. With qualifying words indicating different species; esp. Indian fennel, Fæniculum Panmorium, an annual variety of F. vulgare employed in India in curries and for medicinal purposes. sweet fennel, Fæniculum dulce or officinale, grown in kitchen-gardens for the sake of its leaves.
1796C. Marshall Garden. xvi. (1813) 267 Sweet fennel is an annual, cultivated for its seeds in medicine. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 34 The root of..the common fennel, and the seed of..the sweet fennel, are officinal.
2. Popularly applied to plants resembling the preceding, as dog or dog's fennel, Anthemis Cotula; hog's fennel, Peucedanum officinale; horse fennel, Seseli Hippomarathrum; sea fennel, Crithmum maritimum; sow fennel = hog's f.; water fennel, Callitriche verna.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §20 Doggefenell..in the commynge vp is lyke fenell, and beareth many white floures. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 73/1 The dog Fennel hath small deep dark leaves. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 7 Another kind of Fennel..bears the Name of Sea-Fennel. 1863Prior Plant-n. (1879) 77 Dog's Fennel.
b. fennel-flower, a herb of the genus Nigella. Also with distinguishing epithets, as common fennel-flower, Spanish fennel-flower, small fennel-flower, wild fennel-flower.
1863Prior Plant-n. (1879) 77 Fennel-Flower, from its fennel-like finely divided leaves. 1868Hereman Paxton's Bot. Dict. 392/2 The species of Fennel-flower are curious and ornamental.
c. fennel-giant (Ferula communis), a plant of the genus Ferula; also with distinguishing epithets, as broad-leaved, furrowed, knotted, etc. = giant-fennel.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxxxix. 269 The seconde kinde is called..wilde Fenell, and great Fenell: and of some Fenell Giant. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. (1641) 27/2 Th' Hearb Sagapen [side note Fenelgyant] serves the slowe Asse for meat. 1654Gataker Disc. Apol. 70 A Ferula, or Fennel-giant, as some term it. 1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxii. 237 It [Ferula] is so lofty and large a plant as to have acquired the name of Fennel Giant. 1848in Craig.
3. As an emblem of flattery.
1584Lyly Sappho ii. iv, Fancy is a worme, that feedeth first upon fenell. 1592Greene Upst. Courtier (1871) 2 Womans weeds, fennel I mean for flatterers. 1634Phyala Lachrymarum (Nares), Nor fennell-finkle bring for flattery.
4. attrib. and Comb., as fennel-plant, fennel-root, fennel-seed, fennel stalk; fennel-like, fennel-rubbed adjs.: also † fennel apple, the name of a variety of apple; fennel oil, ‘the oil of common fennel containing anethol and a terpene’ (Watts); fennel water, a spirituous liquor prepared from fennel seed, = fenouillette.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 225 Apples..*Fennel Apple. 1721in Bailey.
1855Singleton Virgil I. 65 Blooming *fennel-plants And giant lilies tossing to and fro.
1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 288 To see clearer then any *fenell rub'd Serpent.
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 28 *Finol sæd..gnid to duste. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 156, I haue..A Ferþing-worþ of Fenel-seed for þis Fastyng dayes. 1626Bacon Sylva §528 Take Earth made with Marjoram..bruised, or stamped, and set in it Fennell-Seed.
1691Ray Creation i. 75 You can by no Culture..extend a *Fennel Stalk to the stature and bigness of an Oak.
1757A. Cooper Distiller ii. v. (1760) 126 Simple Waters now commonly made are..Cinamon-water, *Fennel-water, etc. 1879Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) IX. 76/1 The fruits..are used for the preparation of oil of fennel and fennel water. |