| 释义 |
felloe, felly|ˈfɛləʊ, ˈfɛlɪ|
Forms: α. 1 felᵹ, (pl. felᵹa), 4 feleyȝhe, 5 felghe. β. 5 felwe, felow(e, 6 fallow, 6–7 fellow, 6 felloe. γ. 3–5 fely, vely, (pl. 3 velien, -on), 6–8 Sc. filly, 7 fally, 7–8 fellee, 8 felley, 6– felly. δ. 7 fellff, felfe, 9 dial. felf, felve, felk, 7–8 fell.
[OE. felᵹ str. fem. corresponds to MDu., Du. velge, OHG. felga (mod.Ger. felge). Possibly cognate with OTeut. *felhan (see fele v.), in the sense ‘to fit together’ (recorded for the OHG. felahan).
The diversity of forms is due to the varying pronunciation of the OE. ᵹ, depending on the nature of the sound which followed it in the inflected cases. In the plural felᵹa it was the voiced guttural spirant, which in late ME. developed into w, producing the β forms. In the dative felᵹe it was the voiced palatal spirant, and this very early became vocalized as |ɪ|, whence the γ forms. The δ forms are due to the normal unvoicing of the ᵹ where it was final, viz. in the nom. and accus. sing.; the resulting sound |x| eventually developed into |f|, as in laugh, enough, etc.; in some dialects, however, it became |k|, and in others was dropped. (With the forms felf, felk, cf. the Derbyshire place-name now variously spelt Belph, Belk, but in 13th c. Belgh.) In England the forms felloe, felly seem to be equally in good use; in the U.S. felly appears to be preferred.]
The exterior rim, or a part of the rim, of a wheel, supported by the spokes. In pl. the curved pieces of wood which, joined together, form the circular rim of a wheel.
αc888K. ælfred Boeth. xxix. §7 ælces spacan biþ oþer ende fæst on þære nafe, oþer on ðære felᵹe. c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 106 Cantus, felga. a1400Morte Arth. 3309 He fongede faste one þe feleyghes. 1485Inv. in Ripon Ch. Acts 373 Decem gang de felghes.
β14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 727 Hec cantus, a felowe. 1411Nottingham Rec. II. 86, xj. felowes, vd. c1440Promp. Parv. 154/2 Felwe of a qwele..cantus. 1552Huloet, Fallowes or straikes of a carte. 1572Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees) I. 349 Fellowes for wheles vs. 1611Cotgr., Iantes, the fellowes of a wheele. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 327/2, I find..a Felloe, and two Spokes fixed to a peece of a Nave. 1731H. Beighton in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 5 Four Rings, or Sets of Felloes. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. (1872) I. v. vi. 166 Never over nave or felloe did thy axe strike such a stroke. 1863G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators I. 14 The very spokes and felloes of the wheels were carved in patterns.
γa1225Juliana 56 Þurh spiten hit al spaken ant uelien. 1382Wyclif 1 Kings vii. 33 The spokys and the felijs and the naue. 14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 628 Vely, canti. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §5 Nathes, spokes, fellyes, and dowles. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 517 Breake all the Spokes and Fallies from her wheele. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. ii. (1626) 24 On siluer Spokes the golden Fellies rol'd. 1745Beverley Beck Act ii. 4 Wheels..shall be made to contain the full breadth of nine inches in the felley. 1773Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 VI. 383 The new art of making carriage wheels, the fellies of one piece. 1880L. Wallace Ben-Hur 209 Bronze tires held the fellies, which were of shining ebony.
δ1598Chapman Iliad iv. 525 The Fell'ffs or out-parts of a wheele. Ibid. v. 732 The Axle-tree was steele The Felffes incorruptible gold. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 35 To..see that the axle-trees and felfes of the waines bee sownde and firme. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 600 The fells or streaks of a cart, radii. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 27 The nave..in which the joiners glue the spokes, according to the number of the fells. 1877N. W. Linc. Gloss., Felfs. 1888Sheffield Gloss., Felk.
b. attrib. and Comb., as felly-timber. In names of machines or implements used in making fellies, as felly-auger, felly-dresser. Also felly-coupling.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Felly-auger, a hollow auger for fashioning the round tenon on the end of a spoke.
Ibid., *Felly-coupling, a box for enclosing the adjacent ends of fellies in the rim of a wheel.
Ibid., *Felly-dresser, a machine for dressing the edges of fellies.
1649W. Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1652) 167 Good for *felly-timber also. |