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tidal, a.|ˈtaɪdəl|
[f. tide n. II. + -al1.]
1. a. Of, pertaining to, or affected by tides; ebbing and flowing periodically.
tidal alarm, an audible signal, as a bell or whistle attached to a buoy, operated by the movement of the tides (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1888); tidal crack = tide-crack (Cent. Dict. 1891); tidal friction, frictional resistance to the motion of the tide-wave, tending to retard the earth's rotation; tidal motor, a mechanical motor deriving its power from the movement of tidal waters; tidal river, a river which is affected by the tides for some distance from its mouth; tidal valve, a valve in a sluice, which opens to the pressure of land water and closes under the influence of the incoming tide; tidal wave, see b.
1807Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 300 Had the lots below..the new Custom House..in Dublin, been left open to the tidal waters, the waters of the Liffy would have preserved a deep channel for their discharge. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 359 Suppose that..the Mediterranean should form a gulf of the great ocean, and that the tidal current should encroach on the shores of Campania. 1853Herschel Pop. Lect. Sc. i. §57 (1873) 45 The tidal action of the sun and moon on..the earth's crust. 1878Huxley Physiogr. i. 2 Up to Teddington..the Thames is a tidal river. 1880Haughton Phys. Geog. i. 9 When the length of the day shall have become equal to the length of the year, tidal friction will cease. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 256 Tidal Clock..designed..for showing the time of high and low water, the state of the tides at any time of the day. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 945/1 Tidal friction then diminishes planetary rotation, increases the satellite's distance, and diminishes the orbital angular velocity.
b. tidal wave: (a) the high water wave caused by the movement of the tide: = tide-wave (tide n. 16 b); erron. (but now in common use) an exceptionally large ocean wave caused by an earthquake or other local commotion.
1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 293 On mathematical principles, the rise of the tidal wave above the mean level of a particular sea must be greater than the fall below it. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 2 The tidal wave occupies about two hours in coming up from the Nore to London. Ibid. 188 The terrible devastation wrought by the great tidal wave, which followed the earthquake at Lima. 1899Daily News 13 June 8/2 The tidal wave sweeps round the earth twice in the twenty-four hours; the great wave produced by an earthquake, erroneously described sometimes as a ‘tidal wave’, has nothing tidal about it, and it is called by scientific men ‘a free wave’.
(b) fig. A great progressive movement or manifestation of feeling, opinion, or the like.
1870‘Mark Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 45 ‘We'll have somebody standing ready to launch a book right on our big tidal wave and swim it into a success. 1875― Sketches New & Old 213 A great tidal wave of grief swept over us all. 1884Boston (Mass.) Traveller Aug., Van Buren was a candidate again in 1840, but the ‘log-cabin and hard cider’ tidal wave was sweeping over the country. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. III. iv. lxxx. 62 Now and then..there comes a rush of feeling so sudden and tremendous, that the name of Tidal Wave has been invented to describe it. 1895Scully Kafir Stories 50 The repression which he had to exercise..caused tidal waves of passion to roll back on his soul, fraught with destruction to himself and to others.
(c) Phys. The main or primary height of flow in a beat of the pulse.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 314 Sphygmographic tracings show a lowering in the height of the tidal and dicrotic wave.
2. transf. and fig. That ‘ebbs and flows’; periodic, intermittent; alternating, varying.
tidal air (Phys.), the air passing in and out of the lungs at each ordinary respiration; tidal breathing (Path.), respiration in which there are pauses alternating with shorter periods of respiratory activity; periodic respiration.
1872Huxley Phys. iv. 92 In ordinary breathing 20 to 30 inches of what is conveniently called Tidal air pass in and out. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. iv. xxix, This mood of youthful, elated desperation had a tidal recurrence. 1896Daily News 4 May 3/3 Clerkenwell has..become mixed in population and in its political opinions tidal. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 646 Amongst..the results of derangements of the pulmonary circulation must be placed the occurrence of ‘periodic’, ‘tidal’, or Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
b. spec. Of (esp. rush-hour) road traffic, its flow, or a road carrying it: that uses the same lane(s) for travel in opposite directions, depending on time and conditions.
1954Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.) 55 Tidal traffic, traffic on a two-way road proceeding predominantly in one direction or the other according to time or recurrent circumstances. 1955Times 25 Oct. 9 The reversible lane on tidal highways. 1960News Chron. 26 Feb. 5/1 Tidal-flow traffic was introduced on Chelsea Bridge last year. 1960Guardian 7 June 1/2 The ‘tidal flow scheme’..has already been tried out in London. 1969Soviet Weekly 13 Sept. 2 All the flyovers, underpasses, tidal flows and one-way streets the authorities organized only eased the problem without curing it.
3. a. Dependent upon or regulated by the state of the tide or time of high water.
tidal basin, harbour, a basin or harbour which is accessible or navigable only at high tide; tidal boat, steamer, a vessel the sailings of which depend on the time of the tide; tidal train, a train running in connexion with a tidal steamer.
1855Dickens in Househ. Words 29 Sept. 194/1 The South Eastern Company..with their tidal trains and splendid steam-packets. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Tidal basin, a dock that is filled upon the rising of the tide. 1859Lewin Invas. Brit. 27 Boulogne is a tidal harbour,..it can only be entered or quitted at high water. 1859Reeve Brittany ii. 12 The tidal hours of departure of the steam-packet. 1866W. Collins Armadale II. 240 The tidal train..was speeding nearer and nearer to Paris. 1888Gunter Mr. Potter x, The tidal boat'll be 'ere in twenty minutes.
b. Elliptical for tidal boat or train.
1866Dickens in All Year Round Christmas No. 18/1 A return pass by South-Eastern Tidal, to go right through..to Marseilles. 1883L. Oliphant Altiora Peto I. 202 He found himself just in time to take the tidal.
Hence ˈtidally adv., in a tidal manner; by or in respect of the tides.
1879G. H. Darwin in Phil. Trans. CLXXI. 713 On the Secular Changes in the Elements of the Orbit of a Satellite revolving about a Tidally Distorted Planet. 1880Ibid. CLXXII. 513 In considering the effects of tidal friction the theory has been throughout adopted that the tidally-disturbed body is homogeneous and viscous.
▸ tidal bore n. a bore (bore n.3 2) occurring as a rising tide moves up a narrowing estuary.
1853W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit., & Art 1329/2 The phenomenon called the *tidal bore is produced in two ways. 1893Bismarck Daily Tribune 4 Oct. 4/3 The torrent is..as sure to become tremendous as that tidal bore which daily swells the Saguenay with its overwhelming flood. 1955E. S. Wallace Great Reconnaissance xiii. 163 His three little clumsy caravels ran into the great tidal bore at the mouth of the Colorado River, which he described as a wall of water running with ‘a great rage into the land’. 1997A. Taylor Lover of Grave (2003) iii. i. 57 ‘Jill dear,’ Charlotte Wemyss-Brown announced without preamble, her voice booming down the telephone line like a tidal bore roaring down an estuary. |