| 释义 |
▪ I. fallow, n.|ˈfæləʊ|
Forms: 3–4 falwe, 5 falghe, (valwe), 5–6 falow(e, 6–7 fallowe, 6– fallow. See also fauch n.
[The relation between this and the cognate fallow a.2 and v. is not quite clear. The OE. fælᵹing, glossed novalia (‘fallows’) and occas. (‘harrows’) in Corpus Glossary, seems to imply a vb. *fealᵹian (= fallow v.), f. *fealh, recorded in pl. fealᵹa harrows, implements for breaking clods (occas. Epinal Gl.). The n. and adj., which have not been found in OE., were either f. fealh or f. the vb. Cf. OHG. felga harrow, mod.Ger. (Sanders) and East Fris. falge fallow (n.), falgen to break up ground, plough. As fallow a.1 was used to denote the colour of exposed soil, it is probable that some confusion may have arisen at an early date between the two words.]
†1. A piece of ploughed land; also collect. ploughed land in general, arable land. Obs.
c1300Havelok 2509 Thei..drowen him unto the galwes, Nouth bi the gate, but ouer the falwes. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 656 Who..pricketh his blind hors over the falwes. c1440Promp. Parv. 148 Falow, lond eryd, novale. c1450Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 618 Varratum, i. novale, valwe. 1483Cath. Angl. 121 Falghe (Falowe A.), terra sacionalis. a1535Fisher Wks. (1876) I. 365 He must treade vppon the fallowes. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. ii. 54 All our Vineyards, Fallowes, Meades, and Hedges..grow to wildnesse. 1713Rowe Jane Shore ii. i, Around it Fallows, Meads, and Pastures fair.
2. Ground that is well ploughed and harrowed, but left uncropped for a whole year or more; called also summer fallow, as that season is chosen for the sake of killing the weeds. green fallow, cropped fallow, or bastard fallow: one from which a green crop is taken.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §13 Euery good housbande hath his barleye falowe..lyenge rygged all the..wynter. 1552Huloet, Fallowe or tylthe of land, called the somer fallowe or tylth, veruactum. c1611Chapman Iliad xiii. 628 So close to earth they plow The fallow with their horns. 1707Mortimer Husb. ii. 38 The best Ploughs to plow up Lays or Summer Fallows with. 1784Cowper Task iv. 315, I saw far off the weedy fallows smile With verdure not unprofitable. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. x. 369 Green fallows or what are termed fallow crops such as beans, peas, cabbages [etc.]. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxxi, The lark's shrill fife may come At the daybreak from the fallow. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 353 A summer fallow, or a clean fallow, may be sometimes necessary in lands over⁓grown with weeds. 1889Wrightson Fallow & Fodder Crops 5 The superiority of cropped over naked fallows.
3. The state of being fallow; an interval during which land is allowed to lie fallow.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §17 So shal he mucke all his landes ouer at euerye seconde falowe. Ibid. §34 That is vsed, where they make falowe in a fyelde euery fourthe yere. 1797Billingsley Agric. Somerset 177 Ten or twelve successive crops of wheat, without an intervening fallow. 1858J. B. Norton Topics 211 To withhold the land from cultivation..with the view of making it, by a fallow, doubly profit⁓able the next year. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt 5 They resisted the rotation of crops and stood by their fallows.
fig.1772Burke Corr. (1844) I. 356 Your fallow adds to your fertility. 1796― Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 140 Unless the fallow of a peace comes to recruit her [France's] fertility.
4. attrib. Of or pertaining to a fallow; esp. grown on a fallow, as in fallow-crop, fallow-hay; and in local names for the Wheatear (Saxicola œnanthe), as fallow-chat, fallow-finch, fallow-lunch, fallow-smich, fallow-smiter, from its frequenting fallows. Also fallow-break: see break n. 12; fallow-field: see quot. 1851.
1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 233 The Fallow-Smich, in Sussex the Wheat-ear. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Oenanthe, the Wheat-ear..In Warwickshire it is call'd a Fallow⁓smiter. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Fallow-finch. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 153 Beans are a good fallow crop. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 182 Nor wilt thou fallow-clods disdain. 1834D. Low Pract. Agric. v. 161 The culture of fallow-crops. 1843Yarrell Brit. Birds I. 254 The Wheat⁓ear or Fallowchat. 1851Gloucestersh. Gloss., Fallow⁓field, a common. 1885Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) I. 338 A large portion of the fallow-break can thus be dressed with home⁓made manure. 1885Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds (E.D.S.) 9 Wheatear..Fallow-finch; Fallow-smich; or Fallow-lunch.
▪ II. fallow, a.1|ˈfæləʊ|
Forms: 1 falu, fealo, -u, 3 falau, (3–4 inflected falewe), 4 fale, -u, -we, 4–6 falow(e, 6 fallo, 6– fallow. See also fauch a.
[OE. falu, fealo, fealu, pl. fealwe = OS. falu, (MDu. vale, mod. vaal), OHG. falo (mod. Ger. fahl, falb), ON. fǫlr, pl. fǫlvar:—OTeut. *falwo-, prob. cognate with Gr. πολιός grey, L. pallēre to be pale.]
1. Of a pale brownish or reddish yellow colour, as withered grass or leaves. Obs. exc. of the coat of an animal; now chiefly in fallow-deer.
Beowulf 865 (Gr.) Fealwe mearas. a1000Riddles xvi. 1 (Gr.) Hais is min hwit and heafod fealo. c1205Lay. 18449 Pendragun and his cnihtes..sluȝen ȝeond þan feldes falewe lockes. Ibid. 27468 Blod ut ȝeoten, ueldes falewe wurðen. a1300Cursor M. 1263 (Cott.) Þe falau slogh sal be þi gate. c1325Coer de L. 461 On in atyr blak Com prickande ovyr the falewe feld. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 506 His hewe falow [Corpus falwe] and pale as Asshen colde. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 667 Many a dere both rede and falowe to be slayne before them. 1547Boorde Brev. Health lxxiii. 25 An urine that is falowe lyke the heare of a falowe beast. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. i. 91 How do's your fallow Greyhound, Sir. 1667Lond. Gaz. No. 185/4 A Fallow Dog..lost about a Fort⁓night since. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Hart, The Coats and Colours of this noble Beast..are usually of three several sorts, viz. Brown, Red, and Fallow. 1759tr. Adanson's Voy. Senegal 24 His belly was of a pale blue, and his back fallow. 1865Athenæum No. 1954. 484/1 The horn of a fallow-ox.
2. absol. (quasi-n.), as the name of a colour.
1741Compl. Fam. Piece ii. i. 289 Those that are of a lively red Fallow have a black List down..their Backs.
3. Comb., as fallow-coloured.
1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2347/4 Lost or stolen..a fallow coloured Bitch. 1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 983 The fallow-coloured dog was taken away.
▪ III. fallow, a.2|ˈfæləʊ|
Forms: 5–6 falow(e, 6 fallowe, 6– fallow.
[See fallow n.]
Of land: frequent in phrases, to lie fallow, to lay fallow. a. That is uncropped for the current year. b. Uncultivated. †c. Fit for tillage; ploughed ready for sowing (obs.). d. transf. and fig.
a.c1475Hunt. Hare 12 He fond a hare full fayr syttand Apon a falow lond. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §18 He that hath a falowe felde. 1611Cotgr., Nouvellis, fallowes; ground that lies fallow euerie other yeare. a1689Navarette China in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) I. 52 The land in China never lies fallow. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 473 There appears to have been little or no fallow land. 1875Lyell Princ. Geol. II. iii. xlii. 457 We are..compelled to let it lie fallow the next [year].
b.c1460Towneley Myst. 98 The tylthe of oure landes lyys falow as the floore. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. ii. 44 Her fallow Leas..The Darnell, Hemlock, and ranke Femetary, Doth root vpon. 1611Bible Jer. iv. 3 Breake vp your fallow ground, and sow not among thornes. 1716Addison Freeholder No. 40 ⁋4 The soil must lie fallow. 1797F. Burney Lett. Dec., He is like a fallow field..one that has been left quite to itself. 1870Bryant Iliad II. xviii. 226 A broad fallow field Of soft rich mould.
c.1530Palsgr. 218/2 Faloweland, terre labourable. 1580Baret Alv. F. 103 The Fallowe field, or that is tilled redy to be sowen. a1627Hayward Edw. VI (1630) 32 The ridges of the fallow field lay traverse.
d.1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xiii. 183 The head..hath lain fallow all night. 1673Ess. Educ. Gentlewom. 33, I suppose you do not intend to lay Fallow all Children that will not bring forth Fruit of themselves. 1752Foote Taste i. Wks. 1799 I. 11 Then I lay fallow—but the year after I had twins. 1827Hare Guesses Ser. ii. (1873) 459 Fields of thought seem to need lying fallow. 1842Tennyson Audley Court 77 The fallow leisure of my life. 1850Kingsley Alt. Locke xxxvii, My heart lay fallow for every seed that fell.
▪ IV. † ˈfallow, v.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 fealuwian, fealewian, fealwian, 3–4 falewe(n, 3 falewi, falwy, falowen, (south. dial. 3 valewen, valuwen, 4 valouwe), 4–5 falwe, 4–6 falow.
[OE. fealuwian, fealewian, fealwian, f. fealo, fealu fallow a.1 Cf. OHG. falewên.]
a. To become pale or yellow; hence, to fade, wither.
b. Of the face, etc.: To blanch, grow pale.
a.a1000Salomon & Sat. 313 (Gr.) Lytle hwile leaf beoð grene, Þonne hy eft fealewiað. c1205Lay. 16414 Faȝeden þa feldes & þat gras falewede. a1310in Wright Lyric P. 89 Falewen shule thy floures. a1400Leg. Rood (1871) 132 Mi fruit..is fouled and falwed. 1584T. Bastard Chrestoleros ii. xiv. (1598) 35 Here lies a bounch of haire deepe falowed.
fig.a1225Ancr. R. 132 Þe blisse of heouene þet neuer ne valeweð auh is euer grene. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xv. 50 Y-cast in care, Y falewe as flour. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Johannes 175 Florysand a quhile ȝe be, Þat ȝe ma eftirwart falow.
b.c1205Lay. 30987 Faleweden nebbes. a1300E.E. Poems (1862) 20 His [Christ's] fair lere falowiþ. 1340Ayenb. 81 Þis uayrhede..fayleþ and ualouweþ ase þet flour of þe uelde. a1400Death & its Precursors 15 in Rel. Ant. I. 65 His hew shal falewen. c1440Sir Gowther 62 Al falwyd hire faire chere.
▪ V. fallow, v.2|ˈfæləʊ|
Forms: 4 falewe(n, 5 falwe, (valwe), 5–6 falowe(n, 6 fallo(we, 6– fallow. See fauch v. Also in Comb., twifallow, trifallow, etc.
[? OE. *fealᵹian: see fallow n.]
1. trans. To plough or break up (land); to prepare for sowing. Also rarely, to fallow up.
13..Chron. Eng. 94 in Ritson Met. Hom. II. 274 Hy faleweden erthe, and feolden wode. c1440Promp. Parv. 148 Falwe londe (falowen P.), novo. c1450Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 618 Varro, valwe londe. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §4 He setteth it in the vttermoste nycke, that is beste for falowynge. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. Pref. (1634) ⁋5 To heare one of my ploughmen tell how an acre of wheat must be fallowed and twyfallowed. 1604Ant. Scoloker Daiphantus (1880) 37 Ile fallow vp the wrinkles of the earth. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. People 263, I fallowed and ploughed two acres of light gravelly land. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 239 Fifth year, tares, which should be fed on the ground, and immediately fallowed for backward turnips or rape.
2. To plough and break up (land) without sowing (it), for the purpose of destroying weeds, etc., and for mellowing the soil; to lay fallow. Also absol.
14..in Walter of Henley's Husb. (1890) 46 In aprell it is good seasone to falowe land. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §8 If thou haue any leys, to falowe or to sowe otes vpon. 1616Swift & Markh. Countrie Farme 20 He shall breake vp or fallow that Earth which he intends to keepe tilth the yeare following. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece iii. 522 Fallow your Wheat Land, which will kill the Weeds, and mellow the Ground. 1780A. Young Tour Irel. I. 172 Scarce any fallow, a few sow clover. 1886Holland Chester Gloss.
fig.a1764Churchill Journey 27 Genius..Must, to ensure his vigour, be laid down, And fallow'd well. 1855De Morgan in Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889) II. 501 A teacher who does not either fallow or sow another crop is sure to get into mere routine.
▪ VI. fallow
Sc. f. of fellow n., follow v.
▪ VII. fallow
obs. f. felloe, felly. |