| 释义 |
▪ I. fabric, n.|ˈfæbrɪk, ˈfeɪbrɪk|
Forms: 5–6 fabrike, -yke, 6–7 fabrique, (7 fabriq), 7–8 fabrick(e, 7– fabric.
[a. Fr. fabrique (= Pr. fabriga, It. fabbrica, Sp. fábrica), ad. L. fabrica, f. faber worker in metal, stone, wood, etc. See forge n.]
I. A product of skilled workmanship.
1. An edifice, a building.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/1 He had neuer studye in newe fabrykes ne buyldynges. 1538Leland Itin. II. 68 Gibbes the last Prior..spent a great summe of Mony on that Fabrike. 1666Evelyn Diary 7 Sept., The august fabriq of Christ Church. 1708J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. i. ii. (1743) 326 Fabricks..said to have been built by the Picts. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour. IV. 84 A vaulted fabric without wood or iron-work, three stories high. 1813Scott Trierm. iii. xvi, Never mortal builder's hand This enduring fabric plann'd. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. vi, The ruinous fabric was very rich in the interior.
fig.1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 429 You may as well Forbid the Sea for to obey The Moone, As..shake The Fabrick of his Folly. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 91 Men..inspired..to erect the Fabrick of the Church. 1788Reid Aristotle's Log. ii. §2. 30 Force of genius sufficient to shake the Aristotelian fabric. 1873Burton Hist. Scot. VI. lxviii. 126 The whole fabric of his ambition was tottering.
†2. A contrivance; an engine or appliance. Obs.
1596Drayton Leg. iv. 721 When here that fabrique utterly did faile. 1600Holland Livy xxv. xi. 553 When..[the city of Tarentum] began to be assailed with fabricks. 1603― Plutarch's Mor. 1243 What need had he to use any such tragique engine, or fabricke to work such feats. 1657Reeve God's Plea 40 Tiberius..there invented his detestable Fabricks of lust.
3. a. ‘Any body formed by the conjunction of dissimilar parts’ (J.); a frame, structure.
1633G. Herbert Temple, Search vii, Lord, dost thou some new fabrick mold Which favour winnes..leaving th' old Unto their Sinnes? 1674Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 25 This Goodly Fabrick of Heaven and Earth. 1718Prior Solomon iii. 268 All the parts of this great fabrick change, Quit their old station, and primeval frame. 1728Thomson Spring 648 Dry sprigs of trees, in artful fabric laid. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. (1856) 476 In this egg-shell fabric the Esquimaux navigator..encounters risks which, etc. 1863P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 241 The armour-plates and other necessary portions of the ponderous fabric.
b. esp. with reference to the animal body.
1695Ld. Preston Boeth. ii. 84 The whole Fabrick of Man, Body and Soul, is dissolv'd. 1758S. Hayward Serm. i. 1 To..examine this outward fabrick the body! a1848R. W. Hamilton Rew. & Punishm. i. (1853) 49 The wonderful fabric of the human body. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 228 The solid animal fabric returns to swell the sum of the fluids and gases.
c. fig.
a1637B. Jonson Eng. Gramm. i. ii, The less [letters] make the Fabrick of Speech. 1669Penn No Cross xii. §10 Death ends the Proud Man's Fabrick. 1785Reid Int. Powers Ded., To pick holes in the fabric of knowledge wherever it is weak and faulty. 1817J. Scott Paris Revisit. (ed. 4) 380 A substantial fabric of public strength, freedom, and opulence. 1856Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. I. iii. 77 Questions arising out of it appertaining..to the whole fabric of society.
4. A manufactured material; now only a ‘textile fabric’, a woven stuff.
1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. v. lxx. 318 We are every day making new fabrics. 1791Robertson India ii. 88 Working up its [silkworm's] productions into..a variety of elegant fabrics. 1832G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. 10 The fabrics produced..were wanting in most of the qualities essential to good porcelain. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 227 The woollen fabric manufactured in these establishments. 1874Green Short Hist. v. 218 Up to Edward's time few woollen fabrics seem to have been woven in England. 1883Stubbs' Mercantile Circular 8 Nov. 982/2 The people in Nagasaki are fast going back to their old practice of spinning this class of fabric for themselves.
transf. and fig.1831Brewster Nat. Magic ii. (1833) 18 The fine nervous fabric which constitutes the retina. 1859Kingsley Misc. (1860) II. 119 The villain of the piece..being a rough fabric, is easily manufactured with rough tools.
II.
5. a. The action or process of framing or constructing; erection (of a building); formation (of an animal body or its parts). Now only spec. The construction and maintenance (of a church); = Eccl. Lat. fabrica ecclesiæ.
1611Cotgrave, Fabrique d'vn'Esglise, The fabricke, raparation, or maintenance of a Church. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. v. 72 The..providence of God manifested in the fabrique of the eye-lids. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 17 The..prodigious skilfulness of Nature in the fabrick of so Minute an Animal. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 43 He attributed the Fabrick of the Colosseum to him. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. i. ii, Britains..so expert in the fabrick of those chariots. 1840Milman Lat. Chr. III. iv. i. 382 The other [third] to the fabric and the poor.
b. attrib. in fabric-fund, fabric-lands, fabric-roll.
1672J. Cowell Interpr., Fabrick-Lands are Lands given to the rebuilding, repair, or maintenance of Cathedrals, or other Churches. 1726Dict. Rusticum s.v. 1848Wharton Law Lex., Fabric Lands, property given towards the rebuilding or repairing of cathedrals and churches. 1859Raine (title), The Fabric Rolls of York Minster (Surtees). 1875J. T. Fowler Ripon Ch. Accts. (Surtees), Index. Fabric fund of Ripon.
6. Kind or method of construction or formation.
†a. of things in general, buildings, instruments, etc. Also style (of architecture). Obs.
1644Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 82 The fabric of the Church is Gothic. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. i. §16 The peculiar and admirable fabrick of the eyes. 1665Phil. Trans. I. 313 If any person..do not know the fabrick or use of any of the Instruments. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts (1684) 6 Architectonical Artists look narrowly upon..the fabrick of the Temple. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iv. iii. §24 The particular Fabricks of the great masses of matter, which make up the..frame of corporeal Beings. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1721) Add. 4 The Boats are of a miserable Fabrick. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. vi. 190 To be well informed of the fabrick and strength of this fort. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. II. 228 They were exposed upon the waters in a machine of this fabrick.
b. of manufactured materials. Chiefly of textile articles: Texture. † Also concr. a particular ‘make’ or class (of goods).
1758J. Blake Plan Mar. Syst. 8 Let a particular fabric of paper be made. 1764Harmer Observ. xvii. ii. 77 We..conjecture, that the tents of the Patriarchs..were of the same fabric. 1879Calderwood Mind & Br. 55 One who is constantly at work amongst cloths of different fabric.
c. fig.
1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 181 The fabric and constitution of our mind no more depends on our choice than that of our body. 1753Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 57/1 Fools of each fabrick, sharpers of all sorts. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Pope Wks. IV. 106 He used almost always the same fabric of verse. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue §597 Compounds vary extremely as regards laxity or compactness of fabric.
7. concr.
a. Of a textile article: The woven substance; tissue, fibre. Also fig.
1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 152 In following that example our bleachers destroyed the fabric of their goods. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. ix. (1852) 263 There are minds in whose fabric the ratiocinative faculty preponderates. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 228 German wool is of that inferior description which enters into the fabric of low middling cloths. 1877E. R. Conder Bas. Faith i. 3 Faith in the Unseen and reverence for the Divine—are inwoven in the very fabric of our nature.
b. Occas. used for: Structural material. Now spec. the basic structure (walls, floor, roof) of a building.
1849Murchison Siluria iii. 42 Lime wherewith to supply the fabric of the thicker shell of other mollusca. 1850Daubeny Atom. Th. viii. (ed. 2) 245 The chief constituent of the vegetable fabric. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xx. 503 The fabric of the mill appears to have been invariably timber. 1934Batsford & Fry Cathedrals of England 4 The fabrics..form in the majority of cases a remarkable patchwork of building periods. 1955Times 3 May 6/4 The skilled staff needed not only to maintain the fabric of the buildings but to care for the precious pictures, furniture, and gardens. Ibid. 9 May 5/2 Much has been done..since a public appeal was opened on behalf of the fabric of Norwich Cathedral, to make this noble building safe.
III. 8. A building erected for purposes of manufacture; a place where work is carried on; a factory, manufactory. rare.
1656–81Blount Glossogr., Fabric, a shop or work-house wherein any thing is framed. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. ii. xiv. 61 His fabric appeared as a little town, having about four hundred looms. 1777W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. & Port. xxxi, The Marquis..has established a fabrick of woollen cloth. 1807Southey Espriella's Lett. (1808) I. 33 There is a great fabric of carpets at Axminster. 1844Fraser's Mag. XXX. 431/1 The first fabric of liqueurs which had any extensive renown was that of Montpellier.
IV.
9. attrib. and Comb., as fabric glove, fabric hat (sense 4); fabric-faired (sense 3), fabric-printing (sense 4), adjs.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 231/1 Ladies' fabric gloves. 1906Westm. Gaz. 22 Sept. 13/2 They offer great opportunities for colour schemes, those fabric hats. 1916To-Day 25 Nov. 92/2 Even his warm winter gloves are made of cotton..‘fabric’ gloves, such as most men wear in the summer. 1934Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXVIII. 670 Fabric-faired girder designs are diminishing. 1946Nature 2 Nov. 614/2 A rotational viscometer for fabric-printing thickeners. 1971‘A. Gilbert’ Tenant for Tomb i. 8 She..carried a big old-fashioned tapestry bag and wore fabric gloves.
▸ fabric softener n. a liquid added when washing clothes to soften and freshen cloth and reduce static; (also) = fabric softener sheet n. at Additions
1955N.Y. Times 16 June 37/5 (advt.) Staley sta-puff *fabric softener qt. bt. 49 ¢. 1976Business Week (Nexis) 21 June 96 Women rate fabric softeners, the sheet type that go into the clothes dryer, as the most important new consumer product to come on the marketplace last year. 2002Choice Sept. 42/2 Black or grey marks on your washing..could be caused by..a waxy mixture of fabric softener and detergent.
▸ fabric softener sheet n. a paper sheet impregnated with fabric softener, designed to be put with clothes into a tumble dryer.
1975Post Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Electronic text) 3 Dec. (advt.) *Fabric softener sheets. For use in the dryer. 10-ct. pkg. 59¢. 2004Times (Nexis) 18 Mar. ii. 13 You can put orange peel, a fabric-softener sheet or bicarbonate of soda in the shoes overnight, which should mean fresher shoes by the following morning.
▪ II. ˈfabric, v.
In 7–8 fabrick(e.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To construct, fashion, frame, make (a material or immaterial object). Also, to fabric up = fabricate 1 and 1 c.
1623Favine Theat. Hon. x. ii, That [Target] of Achilles, fabrickt by the Armourer Vulcane. 1625Bp. R. Montagu App. Cæsar ii. xv. 215 Such as the Papists fabricke up unto themselves in their works of Supererogation. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 74 Matters fram'd and fabric't already to our hands. 1708J. Philips Cyder i. 349 The polish'd Glass, whose small Convex..shews..how [Cheese-Inhabitants] Fabrick their Mansions in the harden'd milk. 1738Common Sense (1739) II. 5 You fabrick Generals as Statuaries do Figures of Wood and Clay. 1921Public Opinion 14 Oct. 375/1 All these were dreamed and fabricked out for immediate material benefit. 1924W. A. White Woodrow Wilson xvi. 352 This high dream of peace, that he fabricked upon the anvil of a three years' debate.
Hence † ˈfabricker, ˈfabricking vbl. n.
1698R. Fergusson View Eccles. 107 The Original Authors and Fabrickers of the Word [trimmer] designed to Describe those..who were neither Loyal Subjects..nor Vigorous Patrons. Ibid. 116 A key of his own Fabricking. |