| 释义 |
ignition|ɪgˈnɪʃən|
[f. med. or mod.L. ignītiōn-em, n. of action f. ignī-re to ignite. Cf. F. ignition (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. The action of subjecting to the full action of fire; esp. Heating to the point of combustion, or of chemical change with evolution of light and heat; the condition of being so heated or on fire.
1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 271 Ignition is calcination, the fire reducing violent bodies into Calx. 1666Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual. 297 Silver will indure Ignition for a good while before it be brought to Fusion. 1685― Effects of Mot. ii. 10 The parts may be not onely intensely heated, but brought to an actual ignition. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. I. ix. 354 Bodies in certain degrees of heat appear luminous. A body which is thus rendered luminous is said to be ignited, and the effect itself is called ignition. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) III. 163 It loses no weight in any degree of heat below ignition. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 557 The crucible must be heated above 700° of Fahrenheit, which is the point of ignition of zinc. At this temperature the metal inflames, burning with a dazzling white and green flame. 1827Faraday Exp. Res. xxxviii. 218 A portion of the gas..caused dull ignition of the platina. 1838[see ignite v. 1].
2. a. The action of setting fire to anything; the process or fact of taking or catching fire, or beginning actually to burn; also, loosely, burning.
1816T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall viii, The progress of the ignition, which having reached its extremity, the explosion took place. 1839Bailey Festus (1854) 169 Like burning banners o'er a fiend-host there Arrested in ignition. 1840Statem. Steam Navig. 44 Fire, from spontaneous ignition of coal in the bunkers. 1846C. G. Addison Contracts ii. iv. §3 (1883) 734 As the insurers take upon themselves only the risk of fire, they will not be responsible unless there has been actual ignition of the property insured. 1863Tyndall Heat i. 9 By friction a lucifer-match is raised to the temperature of ignition.
b. A means of igniting or setting on fire. spec. A means of producing the spark in an internal-combustion engine; an ignition system, or the device that activates it.
1881Greener Gun 101 This arm [Demondion's breech-loading percussion gun] is one of the first in which cartridges containing their own ignition were used. 1906Daily Chron. 12 May 3/5 All good cars nowadays have the two independent ignitions, the accumulator and coil, and the magneto driven by a cog-wheel on the engine shaft. 1961W. Hartley Motorist's Home Repair Bk. v. 70 There is no need to do more than insert the starting handle and have the engine turned over slowly (with the ignition switched off, of course!) while a petrol-moistened piece of silk is held against the commutator. 1972J. Gores Dead Skip (1973) xiv. 97 A..Mustang with the driver's window open and the key in the ignition.
3. Electronics. The striking or initiation of an arc.
1919E. W. Stone Elem. Radiotelegr. (1920) viii. 152 The potential existing across the arc at this instant is termed the extinction voltage as distinguished from that at ignition. It is less than the ignition voltage. 1927J. G. Tarboux Electr. Power Equipm. iv. 128 The ignition anode is now drawn up by the spring..and at the point of rupture with the mercury an arc is started. 1945‘Electr. Engineer’ Ref. Bk. x. 3 The action of the mercury-arc rectifier requires the cathode spot to be produced first by some auxiliary device before the arc can be established. This is generally effected by drawing an arc between the cathode and a small auxiliary anode, a process termed ignition. 1962Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 380/1 The ignitron differs from the other mercury-arc rectifiers..in the method used for ignition of the arc.
4. attrib. and Comb. (esp. in terms relating to internal-combustion engines and motor vehicles), as † ignition box, † ignition chamber, ignition circuit, ignition system; ignition advance, the extent to which the moment when the spark occurs precedes the moment of greatest compression of the mixture in a cylinder of an internal-combustion engine, usu. expressed in terms of the angle between the two corresponding positions of the crank-shaft; ignition coil, an induction coil in an internal-combustion engine for converting a low-voltage current into one whose voltage is sufficient to produce the spark; ignition key, a key for operating an ignition switch in the form of a lock; ignition lag, the delay following the occurrence of the spark (in a spark-ignition engine) or the injection of the fuel (in a compression-ignition engine) before the pressure first begins to rise as a result of combustion; ignition plug = sparking plug; ignition point = ignition temperature; ignition rating (see quot. 1940); ignition switch, the switch by means of which the ignition circuit of a motor vehicle may be closed or opened (thereby allowing the engine to be started, or stopping it); ignition temperature, the lowest temperature at which a combustible substance in air will ignite and continue to burn; ignition tube, (a) Chem., a small cylindrical vessel of heat-resistant glass in which a substance may be heated for purposes of analysis; † (b) a hot tube (hot a. 12 c) in some early internal-combustion engines.
1908H. E. Wimperis Internal Combustion Engine viii. 282 It is permissible to set the ignition to take place..slightly before the dead centre... This reduces the arc of ignition advance throughout which the magneto is called upon to generate an effective spark. 1946A. W. Judge Mod. Petrol Engines ii. 32 For weaker mixtures the flame rates are lower so that a greater ignition advance is necessary than for correct or slightly rich mixtures.
1900G. D. Hiscox Horseless Vehicles xi. 184 The ignition of the charge is effected by heating the nickel tubes projecting about 2½ inches from the rear ends of the cylinders into the ignition box.
1894B. Donkin Text-bk. Gas, Oil, & Air Engines i. xi. 140 At a given moment, a zig-zag passage in the slide valve is brought opposite the ignition chamber, and opens communication between it and the admission port into the cylinder. 1907R. B. Whitman Motor-Car Princ. vi. 74 While wire is sometimes used on ignition circuits for the return as well as the lead, the most usual method is to utilise the metal of the engine to return the current to its source.
1900G. D. Hiscox Horseless Vehicles vii. 127 (heading) Electric ignition coils. 1953I. Frazee et al. Automotive Fuel & Ignition Syst. vii. 247 The ignition coil must produce sufficient voltage and current to ignite the fuel mixture at the various engine speeds encountered.
1933D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise ix. 155, I have the ignition keys of both cars. 1934Punch 3 Oct. 388/3 Stepping into Humbottle's car am surprised to hear burst of gruff laughter... This probably explained by absence of ignition-key. 1962J. Braine Life at Top xix. 190 She turned the ignition key; the car jerked forward convulsively, then stopped. ‘Put it in neutral first,’ I said. 1972Police Rev. 1 Dec. 1577/3 They removed the ignition keys and sent a message by radio for an officer to attend with the breath test equipment.
1932Fuel XI. 187/1 At a definite temperature the ignition lag becomes infinitely great and ignition no longer takes place.
1900G. D. Hiscox Horseless Vehicles vii. 130 (heading) Electric ignition plug. 1902A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors viii. 161 The ignition plugs may be examined to see that they are not coated with oil. 1933I-B. O. Sneeden Introd. Internal Combustion Engineering ix. 164 The number of ignition plugs per cylinder is not limited to one. Two are often used.
1887Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. XXII. 483 In..trials, which I made with sound pine wood, I soon found that the ignition point was greatly affected by the way in which the sample was heated. Ibid. 486 The ignition point of the pine wood varied from 330°..to 218°. 1922Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 338/2 The ignition points of oils are frequently required in connection with internal combustion engine problems. 1922Wireless World IX. 727/1 Extensive use was made of portable accumulators..on motor cycles. The intermittent discharge through a trembler contact gave an apparent duration of double the hours at..a certain current. This led to the ignition rating of portable cells which is..misleading..for wireless work. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 437/2 Ignition rating, a special rating (in ampere-hours, q.v.) employed for accumulators used for supplying ignition systems; it is generally twice the continuous rating at a low discharge rate. 1952Ellery Queen's Mystery Mag. XIX. 31/2 There was a car parked in front of the entrance, a Ford coupe, 1937... The key was in the ignition switch.
1902A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors viii. 159 The magneto ignition system..consists of a magneto-electric rotary machine, combined with a series of mechanical contact-breakers. 1943A. P. Fraas Aircraft Power Plants viii. 140 The so-called battery ignition system has been used almost universally in automobiles... All the larger and many of the smaller aircraft engines make use of magneto ignition systems. 1956H. E. Milburn Motor-Cars To-Day vi. 115 A normal ignition system consists of an induction coil, a condenser, a contact breaker, a distributor, a sparking plug for each cylinder of the engine, a switch, and the necessary connecting wires.
1881Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. ii. 679 (heading) Ignition temperature of mixed gases. 1897F. Grover Pract. Treat. Mod. Gas & Oil Engines xix. 196 (heading) Ignition temperatures of explosive gaseous mixtures. 1968Fuel XLVII. 119 According to D. W. van Krevelin the ignition temperature of coal depends on experimental conditions such as furnace design, way of heating, particle size, oxygen concentration and coal rank.
1874F. Clowes Elem. Treat. Pract. Chem. ii. 30 (heading) Small ignition tubes. 1890W. Robinson Gas & Petroleum Engines vii. 229 The average life of ignition tubes in the Differential was 180 hours, and in the Cycle engine 120 hours. 1962A. Atkinson Compl. Pract. Chem. xii. 272 Heat a little of the substance in an ignition tube or in a small dry test-tube until no further change occurs. |