| 释义 |
excommunication|ɛkskəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən|
Also 5 excomunycacion.
[ad. late L. excommūnicātiōn-em, f. excommūnicāre: see prec. and -ation. Cf. F. excommunication.]
The action of excommunicating or cutting off from fellowship.
1. Eccl. The action of excluding an offending Christian from the communion of the Church; the state or fact of being so excluded. Also in wider sense: The exclusion of an offending member from any religious community, e.g. Jewish or heathen.
The Canon Law recognizes two kinds of excommunication: the lesser, by which an offender is deprived of the right to participate in the sacraments; the greater, by which he is cut off from all communication with the church or its members.
1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clxiv. 168 This to be obseruyd vpon payne of excomunycacion. 1555Eden Decades 172 We furthermore streightly inhibite all maner of persons..vnder the peyne of the sentence of excommunication..to trauayle for marchaundies. 1651Hobbes Leviath. (1839) 502 This part of the power of the keys, by which men were thrust out from the kingdom of God, is that which is called excommunication. a1744Pope Love of the World Reproved, A part in every swine No friend..May taste..On pain of excommunication. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. III. 34 A sentence of excommunication was pronounced, which enjoined Ambrose to depart from Milan without delay. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 192 Excommunication seems but a light thing when there are many communions.
b. transf.
1830Hood Haunted H. i. iii, A house—but under some prodigious ban Of Excommunication. 1840― Up the Rhine 16 The yellow flag which indicates that sanitary excommunication [quarantine]. 1873F. Hall Mod. Eng. 34 He calls you a utilitarian. The greater excommunication being thus denounced against you.
2. Short for ‘sentence of excommunication’.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. ii. (1843) 43/2 To restrain any excommunication from being pronounced..without the approbation of the bishop. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. III. lvi. 366 By some acts of rapine or sacrilege, he had incurred a papal excommunication. 1866Kingsley Herew. vii. 129 The pope fulminated an excommunication against him.
3. (See quot.)
1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., The rule of the Benedictines gives the name Excommunication, to the being excluded from the oratory, and the common table of the house. |