| 释义 |
evangelical, a. and n.|iːvæn-, ɛvænˈdʒɛlɪkəl|
[f. prec. + -al1.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the Gospel.
†a. Of or pertaining to the Gospel narrative, or to the Four Gospels; contained or mentioned in the Gospels. Obs.; = evangelic 1 a.
1553T. Paynell (title) The Pandectes of the Euangelicall Lawe; comprisyng the whole Hystorie of Christes Gospell. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. 90 Thorough the whole euangelicall historie. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xl. §2 What disorder is it if these few Evangelical Hymns..be..every day rehearsed? 1660Burney κέρδ. Δῶρον (1611) 32 The King..commissionates every active hand in Israel, like the Evangelical Centurion. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Luke i. 79 In this evangelical hymn there is a prophetical prediction. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Harmony, Evangelical Harmony, is a title of divers books, composed to shew the..agreement of the accounts given by the four evangelists.
b. Of or pertaining to, or in accordance with, the faith or precepts of the Gospel, or the Christian religion; pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Gospel dispensation.
1531Tindale Exp. St. John (1537) 92 He exhorteth them to procede constauntly in the euangelicall truth. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 103 The Evangelicall Philosphye doth call us higher. 1619W. Perkins Cases Consc. 31 A stirring vp of the heart to Euangelicall sorrow. 1642Rogers Naaman 41 In legal, and evangelicall respects. 1699Burnet 39 Art. x. (1700) 123 Faith..separated from the other Evangelical Graces. 1730Berkeley Serm. Wks. 1871 IV. 641 Not lip-worship, nor will-worship, but inward and evangelical. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. ii. 164 There is nothing evangelical; all is legal and carnal. 1839J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Ch. ii. (1847) 10 He has taken away..the legal priesthood, that he may establish..the evangelical priesthood. 1858Marsden Early Purit. 18 Their detestation of the papacy and their views of evangelical truth, were confirmed. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost i. 13 The one great evangelical gift..is the gift of the Holy Ghost.
c. evangelical prophet: a designation of Isaiah, representing the view that his writings describe prophetically the life of Christ, and the state of things under the Gospel dispensation, and that they abound in anticipations of the doctrines revealed in the Gospel.
The idea is due to St. Jerome, in whose writings it frequently occurs in various forms: e.g. he says (Ad Paulam, Wks. 1575 III. 18) that Isaiah ‘non tam propheta dicendus est quam evangelista.’
1547Homilies i. Falling from God ii. (1859) 85 The evangelical Prophet Esay..doth teach us. 1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 8 Our evangelical prophet Esaias hath..most lively described and set forth the nativity..of our Saviour Christ to judge the quick and the dead. 1699Evelyn Acetaria (1729) 168 The Evangelical Prophet adumbrating the future Glory of the Catholick Church. 1778R. Lowth Isaiah Prelim. Diss. (ed. 12) 52 The sublime and spiritual uses to be made of this peculiarly evangelical Prophet. 1853Maurice Proph. & Kings xiii. 226 He [Isaiah] is often called the evangelical prophet; by which it is meant that he is especially the prophet of the Messiah.
d. Of a person: Imbued with the spirit of the Gospel. rare.
1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1775) 101, I am so evangelical in this, and have such a fellow-feeling for whatever is weak.
2. Since the Reformation adopted as the designation of certain theological parties, who have claimed that the doctrines on which they lay especial stress constitute ‘the Gospel’. This claim is of course disallowed by their adversaries, but (as in the case of other self-assumed party names) the designation has received the sanction of general usage.
a. = Protestant. Now only with reference to Germany and Switzerland, where its German and French equivalents are also applied in narrower sense to the Lutheran as distinguished from the ‘Reformed’ or Calvinistic Church. In the German Empire ‘The Evangelical Church’ was the official name of the established Protestant Church of Prussia, formed in 1817 by the union of the Lutheran and Reformed churches.
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 353/2 Tindall himselfe woulde no lesse were done..then would hys euangelical brother Barns. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. iii. (1876) 94 Every bishop should yerely keepe a sinode in his diocesse of all euangelicall persons. 1619Arraign. Barnevelt §11 The reformed euangelicall religion. 1697Evelyn Numism. viii. 265 The Evangelical Churches in Germany. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III. (1839) 345 They should maintain two companies of evangelical soldiers. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. v. iii. 109 The evangelical communes became aware of their superiority.
b. From 18th c. applied to that school of Protestants which maintains that the essence of ‘the Gospel’ consists in the doctrine of salvation by faith in the atoning death of Christ, and denies that either good works or the sacraments have any saving efficacy.
Other features more or less characteristic of the theology of this school are: a strong insistence on the totally depraved state of human nature consequent on the Fall; the assertion of the sole authority of the Bible in matters of doctrine, and the denial of any power inherent in the Church to supplement or authoritatively interpret the teaching of Scripture; the denial that any supernatural gifts are imparted by ordination; and the view that the sacraments are merely symbols, the value of which consists in the thoughts which they are fitted to suggest. As a distinct party designation, the term came into general use, in England, at the time of the Methodist revival; and it may be said, with substantial accuracy, to denote the school of theology which that movement represents, though its earlier associations were rather with the Calvinistic than the Arminian branch of the movement. In the early part of the 19th c. the words ‘Methodist’ and ‘Evangelical’ were, by adversaries, often used indiscriminately, and associated with accusations of fanaticism and ‘puritanical’ disapproval of social pleasures. The portion of the ‘evangelical’ school which belongs to the Anglican church is practically identical with the ‘Low Church’ party. In the Church of Scotland during the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th c. the two leading parties were the ‘Evangelical’ and the ‘Moderate’ party.
[1747Doddridge Life Col. Gardiner 162 It was his deliberate Judgment, that the Law should be preached, as well as the Gospel; and hardly any Thing gave him greater Offence, than the irreverent Manner in which some, who have been ignorantly extolled as the most zealous Evangelical Preachers, have sometimes been tempted to speak of the former.] 1791Hampson Mem. J. Wesley III. 61 What are usually called evangelical views of religion. 1809R. Southey in Q. Rev. I. 195 The Wesleyans, the Orthodox dissenters of every description, and the Evangelical churchmen may all be comprehended under the generic name of Methodists. 1825Ld. Cockburn Mem. i. 43 The principles and feelings of the persons commonly called evangelical were the same then as they are now. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 38/2 Evangelical ladies there are, likewise, whose attachment to the forms of religion, and horror of theatrical entertainments, are most exemplary. 1871Blackie Four Phases i. 54 The sacred-sounding columns of an evangelical newspaper. 1889Dict. Nat. Biog. XVII. 433 Erskine was..devoted to the doctrines and aims of the evangelical party in the church.
3. Of or pertaining to an evangelist, or preacher of the Gospel. rare.
1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. xvii. §23. 321 The Apostolicall worke indeed was universall..the Evangelicall to preach, or to be publishers of the Gospell among the infidels. 1794Godwin Cal. Williams 291 He [the vicar] condescended, with his evangelical hand, to guide the plough.
B. n.
1. A Protestant; esp. a German Lutheran, or an adherent of the national church of the German Empire. See A. 2 a.
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 352/1 Those euaungelicalles theimselfe cease not to pursue and punishe..their euaungelicall bretherne. 1860Froude Hist. Eng. V. 323 Clergymen professing to be Evangelicals held four or five livings, and officiated in none. 1878in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 109 He [Veit Bach] is said..to have moved into Hungary with many other Evangelicals for protection from persecution.
2. A member of the Evangelical party, esp. in the Church of England. Cf. A. 2 b.
1804R. Southey in Ann. Rev. II. 189 The history of this society is truly characteristic of the Evangelicals. 1807― Espriella's Lett. (1814) II. 359 [Whitfield's] preachers were usually called by her [Lady Huntingdon's] name, which they have now dropt for the better title of Evangelicals. 1852Newland Lect. Tractar. 77 We claim the Evangelicals of the last generation as our fellow workers. 1865Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 4 Ever since I knew them..I have loved those who are called ‘Evangelicals’. 1876C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 374 Dr. Arnold defines the Evangelical to be ‘a good Christian, with a narrow understanding’.
Hence evanˌgeliˈcality, evanˈgelicalness (rare), the quality or state of being evangelical; faithfulness to the Gospel.
1857De Quincey in H.A. Page Life (1877) II. xviii. 129 One of the Edinburgh Professors, and notorious for his evangelicality. 1645J. Goodwin Innoc. & Truth Tri. 63 Mr. Prynne by representing my Parish as divided, disordered by my Independent way, hath rather given testimony to the truth and evangelicalnesse of it. 1730–6Bailey (folio), Evangelicalness, the having evangelical quality.
Add:[A.] 4. transf. Eager to share one's enthusiasm with others; hortatory, proselytizing.
1952C. I. Glicksman Amer. Lit. Crit. 1900–1950 49 The Marxist impulse in American literary criticism was chiefly hortatory and evangelical. 1978P. Lewis Fifties ii. 46 Togetherness and self-help in the birth process..is now embraced with less evangelical fervour than it was by Fifties pioneer couples. 1990Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 11/8 He juggles ink bottles to interrupt his ‘workaholism’, and admits to being evangelical about the art [of the cartoonist]. |