| 释义 |
▪ I. affection, n.|əˈfɛkʃən|
Forms: 3 affectiun, 4–5 affectioun, affeccyone, affeccoun, affeccioun, affecsioun, 5–6 affectione, 6– affection.
[a. Fr. affection, an early ad. L. affectiōn-em disposition, inclination, fondness, f. affic-ĕre: see affect v.2]
I. Generally and literally.
1. a. The action of affecting, acting upon, or influencing; or (when viewed passively) the fact of being affected.
1660T. Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 134/2 Whether the same affection hapneth to any one, and to him that is next him from white, neither is he able to say. 1756Burke Subl. & B. Wks. 1842 I. 28 There is no difference in the manner of their being affected, nor in the causes of the affection. 1794J. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 11 The reciprocal affection of those bodies. 1846Mill Logic i. iii. §4 (1868) 57 Besides the affection of our bodily organs from without. 1879Carpenter Ment. Physiol. i. v. 186 The spots of the retina by the affection of which they are produced.
b. Celtic Philol. Mutation or umlaut of a vowel under the influence of a following sound.
1911J. M. Jones in Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 269/1 Short vowels have been affected by vowels in succeeding syllables. These ‘affections’ of vowels are as follows:—(α) I-affection, caused by i in a lost termination..(β) A-affection..(γ) Penultimate affection. 1913― Welsh Gram. 89 Affection is of two kinds in Welsh: 1. ultimate, when it takes place in the syllable which is now the last, having been brought about by a sound in a lost termination; 2. non-ultimate, when it takes place in the present penult or antepenult, the affecting sound being generally preserved in the ultima. 1937Lewis & Pedersen Conc. Comp. Celt. Gram. 3 Changes due to vowel affection in Ir. (>i),..in W. (>y, ei),..in Co. y is found written e where there is no affection. 1953K. H. Jackson Lang. & Hist. Early Brit. 578 It would be better..to date ā-affection in the first half or middle of the fifth century.
II. Of the mind.
2. a. An affecting or moving of the mind in any way; a mental state brought about by any influence; an emotion or feeling.
c1230Ancren Riwle 288 Þreo degrez beoð þerinne [in carnal desire] þe uorme is cogitaciun? þe oðer is affectiun? þe þridde is kunsence. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1518 Withouten any other affeccioun Of love, or any other ymaginacioun. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 146 A man..is subiecte to inmeasurable affections. 1625tr. Gonsalvius's Sp. Inquis. 1 Accompany the outward motions of the players, with some inward affection. 1723Bp. O. Blackall Wks. I. 70 Mercy..is an affection of the Mind. 1764Reid Inq. Hum. Mind ii. §9. 112 The smell of a rose is a certain affection or feeling of the mind. 1878Hopps Rel. & Mor. Lect. xvii. 53 It is simply impossible to reveal anything to a human being except through his reason, his conscience, or his affections.
b. The representation of feeling or emotion.
1624Wotton Archit. (J.) Affection is the lively representation of any passion whatever, as if the figures stood not upon a cloth or board, but as if they were acting upon a stage.
†3. esp. Feeling as opposed to reason; passion, lust. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. vi. (1495) 53 Affeccions ben foure Joye Hope Drede and Sorowe. 1567Triall of Treas. (1850) 4 Slaues to their lustes and affection. 1596Spenser F.Q. ii. iv. 34 Most wretched man, That to Affections does the bridle lend! 1611Bible Rom. i. 26 For this cause God gaue them vp vnto vile affections. 1643Milton Soveraigne Salve 25 A will over-ruled by enormous affections or passions. 1681Hobbes Rhetor. i. 1 Anger, Envy, Fear, Pity or other Affections. 1736Butler Anal. ii. vii. 357 Over and above our reason and affections.
†4. State of mind generally, mental tendency; disposition. Obs. in general sense.
1540Whittinton Tully's Offyces iii. 125 Suche affection of mynde, that I do no man wronge bycause of my profyte. 1622M. Fotherby Atheom. ii. viii. §1. 279 Good Affections, which are præparatiues vnto Vertue. 1756Burke Subl. & B. Wks. 1842 I. 34 Let the affection be what it will in appearance, if it does not make us shun such objects.
5. esp. State of the mind towards a thing; disposition towards, bent, inclination, penchant. arch.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 162 To þat sollempnite com lordes of renoun, Þat weddyng forto se, for grete affectioun. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 793 This Tesbe hath so grete affeccioun, And so grete lykynge Piramus to see. c1386― Melib. 284 Ye have schewed to youre counseilours..youre affeccioun to Make werre. 1481Caxton Myrrour i. v. 20 It was all their affeccion, intencion and reson to knowe god. 1549Compl. Scotl. x. 83 The inglismen exponis the prophesye of merlyne to there auen affectione. 1561T. N[orton] tr. Calvin's Instit. ii. 125 Where anger or hatred is, there is an affection to hurt. 1604Rowlands Looke to it 10 Lawyers that wrest the Law to your affection. 1625Bacon Ess. vii. (1862) 25 If the Affection or Aptnesse of the Children, be Extraordinary, then it is good, not to crosse it. 1642Rogers Naaman Ep. Ded. 2 A few good reaches and affections after holinesse are not enough for us. 1762Kames Elem. Critic. (1833) 483 Affection, signifying a settled bent of the mind toward a particular being or thing. 1877Mozley Univ. Serm. iii. 69 The two desires..are in fact bound up with each other in one affection, and make but one affection between them.
6. a. Good disposition towards, goodwill, kind feeling, love, fondness, loving attachment.
1382Wyclif 2 Macc. xiv. 37 Nychanore..that for affeccioun, or loue, was clepid fadre of Jewis. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1421 Made he to Jason Gret chiere of love & of affeccioun. c1440Promp. Parv., Affeccyon, or hertyly wellwyllynge, Affectio. 1488Caxton Chastysing of Goddes Chyldern xxiii. 61 Affeccion is a wylfull bowyng or enclinyng of a mannys hert with loue to a nother man. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 175, Cl. How know you he loues her? Iohn. I heard him sweare his affection. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 6 The Church of Rome would seeme at the length to beare a motherly affection towards her children. 1698J. Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 289 To love one another, with the most Heroic and Divine Affection. 1749Fielding Tom Jones ix. v. (1840) 135 We are no sooner in love than it becomes our principal care to engage the affection of the object beloved. 1868Geo. Eliot F. Holt 22 Affection and satisfied pride would again warm her later years.
b. esp. in pl.
1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 112 Did you..Subdue, and poyson this yong Maides affections? 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 26, I never had my affections more tenderly awakened. 1851Chalmers Let. in Life (1815) II. 11 Give my kindest affections to my father, mother, and family. 1855Prescott Philip II, i. ii. (Routl.) 19 In the society of one who was now the chief object of his affections.
†7. Feeling against, animosity. Obs.
1485Caxton Chas. the Gt. 44 And he cometh rennyng agenst me wyth affectyon mortal. 1589Bp. Cooper Admon. 22, I heare some crie out with earnest affection against me. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 164 They uttered their old spiteful affection towards vs.
†8. Biased feeling, partiality. Obs.
1547J. Harrison Exhort. to Scottes 227 Weigh the querell indifferently, and without affeccion. 1559Kennedy in Misc. Wodr. Soc. (1844) 271 The anceant fatheris..without affectioun schaws truelie thair jugement. 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccles. Hist. (1619) 452 Very partiall..and led very much with affection.
III. Of the body.
9. A bodily state due to any influence.
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 A iii, Euery vlcere is eyther symple and alone without other dysposytyon or affectyon begynnynge with it. c1660South Serm. Prov. iii. 17 (1715) I. 3 To place Men with the furious Affections of Hunger and Thirst in the very Bosom of Plenty. 1756Burke Subl. & B. Wks. 1842 I. 59 Why certain affections of the body produce such a distinct emotion of mind.
10. esp. An abnormal state of body; malady, disease.
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 G ij, In all suche affections behoueth purgacyons. 1633T. N[ewton] tr. Lemnie's Touchst. Complex. 4 Throwne into sundry diseases and innumerable affections. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 198 Affections both of Lungs and weazon. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 157, I mean here only to advert to those rheumatic affections. 1853Lytton My Novel vii. iii. 342 Died, sir, suddenly, last night. It was an affection of the heart.
IV. Of substances or essences.
11. A temporary or non-essential state, condition, or relation of anything; a mode of being.
1567J. Maplet Greene Forest 32 The coldenesse or other affection of the Aire about it. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §35 The spirits walke..freely exempt from the affection of time, place, and motion. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 99 Motion, which is an all-reaching affection or belonger to each bit of the world. 1677Gale Ct. of Gentiles II. iv. Proem. 7 The affections of propositions are either absolute or relate: absolute affections are quantitie and qualitie. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., The generality of Peripatetics divide Affections into internal; as motion, and finiteness: and external, as place, and time. 1802Playfair Huttonian Theory 337 To be veined or not veined, is an affection of granite, that seems..accidental. 1842W. Grove Correl. Phys. Forces (1867) 106 Electricity is that affection of matter or mode of force which most distinctly and beautifully brings into relation other modes of force.
12. Hence, A property, quality, or attribute.
1588W. Kempe Educ. Children sig. G 3r, The Rhetoricall pronounciation and gesture fit for every word, sentence, and affection. 1625Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 225 There remaineth yet one generall and common affection scattered throughout the whole Law..which we call an Action. 1657J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 3 The affections of Tropes..are such qualities as may put ornament upon any of the forementioned Tropes. 1659Pearson Creed I. 504 Holiness and catholicism are but affections of this Church. 1751Harris Hermes (1841) 153 It fares with tenses as with other affections of speech. 1820Mair Tyro's Dict. (ed. 10) 389 Attributum, an affection, an attribute. 1860Farrar Orig. Lang. i. 20 Thought is merely an affection of perishable matter.
V. From affect v.1, confused with affect v.2
†13. The act of affecting or assuming artificially; = affectation. Obs.
1553–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 171/2 He..dooth answer againe, by cauilling sophistication, & by meere affection. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. i. 407 Taffata phrases, silken tearmes precise, Three-pil'd Hyperboles, spruce affection. 1603Hist. Eng. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 415, I dislike affection of foreign and new-coined words, when we have good and sufficient store of our own. 1631Sanderson Serm. II. 2/2 Affection in this, as in every other thing, is both tedious & ridiculous. 1686in Misc. Curiosa (1708) III. 230 A most inconvenient affection of Monasyllabical Words. 1776Sheridan Sch. Scandal i. i, With the very gross affection of good nature.
▪ II. affection, v.|əˈfɛkʃən|
[a. Fr. affectionne-r, f. affection. Cf. love, to love; honour, to honour.]
To have affection for; to like, love.
1584Copie of a Leter 31 A goodlie Gentlewoman, whom the Earle affectioned much. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. i. 234 Can you affection the 'o-man..can you carry your good wil to y⊇ maid? 1765H. Walpole Otranto v. (1798) 79, I do not think my lady Isabella ever much affectioned my young lord, your son. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. viii. 207 Malvolio..is the only person in the play who does not affection the gay and sweet-spirited jester. 1880Cornh. Mag. XLII. 659 Those underground regions he affectioned. |