| 释义 |
‖ tetanus|ˈtɛtənəs|
Forms: α. 5–7 tetane, 7 tetan. β. 5 tethanus, 7–8 tetanos, -on, 7– -us.
[L. tetanus (Pliny), a. Gr. τέτανος muscular spasm, f. τείν-ειν to stretch. Formerly anglicized tetan(e.]
1. A disease characterized by tonic spasm and rigidity of some or all of the voluntary muscles, usually occasioned by a wound or other injury. (Cf. lockjaw.)
αc1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 104 If þat a man haue a crampe or ellis a tetane þat is a sijknes þat halt þe membre lich streit on boþe sidis. c1608Donne Let. in Gosse Life (1899) I. 195 [My sickness] hath so much of a tetane, that it withdraws and pulls the mouth. a1614― βιαθανατος (1644) 171 In Tetans, which are rigors..in the Muscles.
β1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. xiii. (Bodl. MS.), This..Crampe..haþ þre manere kinde..þe þrid hatte Tethanus, and is whanne þe for þer senewes and þe hinder schrinkeþ. 1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 24 In the Apoplexie, Palsey, Tetanus, and many diseases moe. 1753N. Torriano Non-naturals 66 In Epilepsies and Distractions, swooning Fits, Tetanus's and Catalepsis. 1846J. Baxter's Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 430 Tetanus is one of the most formidable and fatal diseases to which the horse is liable. 1846Trench Mirac. xi. (1862) 232 Paralysis with contraction of the joints..when united, as it much oftener is in the hot climates..than among us, with tetanus.
2. Physiol. A condition of prolonged contraction produced by rapidly repeated stimuli.
1877Rosenthal Muscles & Nerves 34 Enduring contraction of this sort is called tetanus of the muscle to distinguish it from a series of distinct pulsations. 1877Foster Phys. iii. v. §1 (1878) 471 The changes in which may be compared to the changes in a motor nerve during tetanus.
3. attrib. and Comb., as tetanus antitoxin, tetanus bacillus, tetanus culture, tetanus poison; tetanus-afflicted, tetanus-like adjs.
1857Dufferin Lett. High Lat. vii. (ed. 3) 92 Our dinner went off merrily; the tetanus-afflicted salmon proved excellent. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 237 The diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins act directly on the toxins. 1899Ibid. VI. 541 In some cases..there are tetanus-like seizures. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. No. 2280. 568 Tetanolysin, the hæmolytic substance of tetanus poison. 1908J. Ritchie in Carnegie Trust Rep. 25 The action of tetanus toxin on the central nervous system. |