| 释义 |
ethyl|ˈɛθɪl, ˈiːθaɪl|
Also † ethule, 9 ethyle.
[a. G. ethyl (J. Liebig 1834, in Ann. d. Pharm. IX. 18), f. ether: see -yl.]
The univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5{b1}, either as a group in an organic compound or as a short-lived free radical; ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5, ethyl acetoacetate CH3COCH2COOC2H5, ethyl alcohol C2H5OH, ethyl chloride C2H5Cl, ethyl ether = ether 6 a, ethyl formate HCOOC2H5, ethyl iodide C2H5I, ethyl iodoacetate CH2I.COOC2H5 (a kind of teargas), ethyl nitrite C2H5NO2.
1838Penny Cycl. X. 49/2 Ethereum (as it is termed by Dr. Kane, and ethule by Berzelius). 1840Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. 311 Mr. Boyè read a communication entitled ‘On the Perchlorate of the Oxide of Ethule.’ 1850Daubeny Atom. Th. vii. (ed. 2) 219 If we suppose then a body to exist, consisting of C4H5..it has been proposed to designate it by the term ethyle. 1862Sir H. Holland Ess., Mod. Chem. 450 Ethyl..the radical of the numerous class of ethers. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1875) 295 Alcohol may be regarded as water in which one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by ethyl.
Comb.
1874Index to Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1848–72 144/2 *Ethyl acetate, action of sodium and isopropylic iodide on. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 310/1 Ethyl acetate,..colourless liquid of fruity odour, used as a lacquer solvent and in medicine.
1874Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXVII. 883 The complicated changes involved in all previous processes are at once simplified if *ethyl acetoacetate, CH3.CO.CH2.CO.OC2H5, be taken as the starting point. 1964B. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xv. 292 Ethyl acetoacetate, or ethyl β-ketobutyrate, is the most important of the β-keto-esters. The free acid occurs in the urine of uncontrolled sugar diabetics.
1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 310 *Ethyl alcohol, known as spirits of wine.
1878Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXIV. 1065/1 *Ethyl ether, brominated. 1885I. Remsen Introd. Study Compounds of Carbon iv. 42 Ethyl ether, C4H10O = (C2H5)2O.{b1} This is the substance commonly known simply as ether, or sulphuric ether.
1868Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXI. 528/1 *Ethyl formate. 1960A. E. Bender Dict. Nutrition 46/2 Ethyl formate, H.COOC2H5. Fumigant used against raisin moth..etc... Chemical intermediate—in synthesis of B1, sulphadiazine, etc.
1877Watts Fownes' Chem. II. 47 Ethane..is formed..by the action of zinc and water on *ethyl iodide.
1905Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXVII. 483 *Ethyl iodoacetate, ethyl bromoacetate, and methyl bromoacetate interact at 25° with one equivalent of sodium thiosulphate. 1932A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 54 Phosgene, chloropicrin, ethyl iodoacetate.
1870Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXIII. 455/1 *Ethyl nitrite, action of sulphurous acid on. 1961Brit. Med. Dict. 523/2 Ethyl nitrite, C2H5.O.NO, a compound which, dissolved in alcohol.., has been used in angina pectoris with limited effect.
Hence many derivatives, names of compounds containing ethyl, as ˈethylaˌmine, a compound (NH2C2H5) of the ammonia type in which one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced by ethyl. ˈethylate n., a salt of the radical ethyl, in which ethyl takes the place of the oxygenated group in a metallic salt. ˈethylate v. trans., to convert into an ethyl compound, to introduce ethyl into; also ethylated ppl. adj., ethylating vbl. n. ˌethylˈbenzene, a hydrocarbon, C8H10, usually made from ethylene and benzene. ˌethylhydroˈcuprein(e, a derivative of quinine having various bactericidal uses. ethylia, a synonym of ethylamine; now disused. eˈthylic a., of ethyl; = ethyl, used attributively, as in ethylic cyanate = ethyl cyanate. ethylˈmorphine, a toxic homologue of morphine, C19H23NO3.
1850Daubeny Atom. Th. viii. (ed. 2) 239 *Ethylamine..where it [1 atom of hydrogen] is replaced by ethyle. 1875Ure Dict. Arts II. 309 Several alkaloids existing in the animal and vegetable kingdom afford ethylamine on distillation with potash.
1864Athenæum No. 1937. 788/3 The *ethylate of acetyl. 1880Med. Temp. Jrnl. July 165 Report on the use of Ethylate of Sodium (Sodium Alcohol).
1850Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXL. 110, I have not attempted to *ethylate this compound any farther. 1920Chemical Age III. 557/2, I have to learn, for example, how to ethylate alpha-naphthylamine [printed naphthalymine] very expeditiously at 100° C. on a commercial scale by means of ethyl chloride.
1850Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXL. 110 In..the other *ethylated bases, the properties of the mother-compound are only slightly modified. 1861G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 8) 607 (heading) Methylated and ethylated derivatives of natural bases.
1920Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry XXXIX. T1/1 Although English manufacturers of ethylated products are persistently demanding ethyl sulphate and other *ethylating agents, none of these can compete with ethyl chloride. Ibid. 3/1 As to the method of ethylating amino compounds with ethyl chloride, it is..impossible to generalize.
1873Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXVI. 1028 (title) Action of bromine on boiling *ethylbenzene. 1934Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXVIII. 315 In addition to benzene and toluol derived from coal tar, higher aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethyl-benzene, pseudo-cumene and mesitylene have been synthesised and used..as fuel for aviation engines. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xix. 376 The first homologue is methylbenzene, C6H5.CH3, known as ‘toluene’, which is followed by ethylbenzene, C6H5.C2H5, and higher alkylbenzenes.
1913Thron & Freund U.S. Pat. 1,062,203 2/2 We claim..the process of producing *ethyl-hydrocupreine which comprises treating hydrocupreine with an ethylating agent. 1914Chem. Abstr. 2756 In human syphilis marked effect was obtained with..injection of ethyl hydrocuprein. 1925C. H. Browning Bacteriology xi. 252 But, so far, the only success obtained in generalised infections due to the ordinary bacteria is the cure of pneumococcal infection in mice by means of Morgenroth's ‘optoquine’ (ethyl⁓hydrocuprein, a derivative of quinine).
1873Williamson Chem. for Stud. 241 This remarkable base was called ethylamine by Würtz, its discoverer, but is now more commonly called *Ethylia.
1869Eng. Mech. 26 Nov. 255/3 Circumstances lead the operator to suspect that hydro-carbon to be *ethylic hydride. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 580 Ethylic ether is also called common ether, or simply ether.
1912Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CII. i. 797 (heading) *Ethylmorphine and ethylmorphine hydrochloride (Dionine). 1964S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) 564 Therapeutic preparations. Eye-drops. Ethylmorphine (Dionene). |