| 释义 |
escutcheon|ɛˈskʌtʃən|
Forms: (5 escochon, 6 escuchon), 7, 9 escocheon, (7 eschoch-, eschucheon, -ion, escochion, escotch-, escucheon, -tchion, -tcheer), 8 eschutcheon, 6– escutcheon. See also scutcheon.
[a. ONF. escuchon (central OF. escusson, mod. écusson):—late L. type *scūtiōn-em, f. scūtum shield.
Johnson1755has only the form eschutcheon.]
1. a. Her. The shield or shield-shaped surface on which a coat of arms is depicted; also in wider sense, the shield with the armorial bearings; a sculptured or painted representation of this.
1480Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 131 Escochons of papir in colours of the armes of Lorde George Ver. 1594Mirr. Policy (1599) M iij, And from that time the use of Escuchons and Armory was found out, as a witnesse of their Nobility. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 405 Their Eschocheon Gules with sixe escallops argent. 1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) A, The figures on the right hand each Escocheon, shewing what Armes belong to the Houses. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. (R.), The addition of the escutcheon of Edward the Confessor..was a sufficient foundation for an impeachment of high treason. 1815Scott Guy M. xli, The carved stone escutcheon of the ancient family..was hung diagonally beneath the helmet and crest. 1846Prescott Ferd. & Is. I. vi. 277 They were prohibited from quartering the royal arms on their escutcheons. 1885M. E. Braddon Wyllard's Weird ii, Gray granite pillars, each crowned with the escutcheon of the Heathcotes.
b. fig.; esp. in phrases like a blot on an escutcheon = a stain on a person's reputation.
1697Dryden Virgil (1806) II. 175 Ded., The banishment of Ovid was a blot in his escutcheon. 1848R. W. Hamilton Disq. Sabbath v. 180 We are not ashamed of our [Puritan] fathers..The escocheon of their virtues is our proudest heraldry. 1862Shirley Nugæ Crit. x. 444 The people of Edinburgh were eager to remove an unseemly stain from the escutcheon of their city. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. vii. 45 A dark blot on the escutcheon of the House of Godwine.
c. escutcheon of pretence: the small escutcheon bearing the arms of an heiress placed in the centre of her husband's shield. Cf. inescutcheon.
1677Lond. Gaz. No. 1208/4 Upon an Escutcheer of Pretence, a Chevern between three Birds. 1766–87Porny Her. 123. 1823 Rutter Fonthill p. xxiv, Mervyn quartering Squire, and on an escutcheon of pretence, Green, etc.
†2. A hatchment. (More fully funeral escutcheon.) Obs.
a1672Wood Life (1848) 40 Escocheons which he had got by burying several persons of quality. 1688R. Holme Armoury i. 4/1 Every Gentleman..was interr'd with Funeral Escochions. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 347 Mrs. Veal was..dead, and her escutcheons were making. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 73 ⁋7 At last the eldest fell ill..I dreamed every night of escutcheons and white gloves. 1820W. Irving Sketch-bk. II. 183 Several ancient monuments..over some of which hang funeral escutcheons.
3. Anything shaped like, or resembling, an escutcheon:
a. gen. (see quot.)
1602Plat Delightes for Ladies xviii, Of..Marchpane paste..our comfit makers..make..Armes, escocheons, beasts, birds, and other fancies.
b. Arch. A shield-shaped ornament, chiefly in Gothic buildings, carved on the bosses of ceilngs, at the ends of weather-mouldings, etc.
1875Parker Gloss. Goth. Archit.
c. A key-hole plate, a name plate, etc.
1655Marquis of Worcester Cent. Inv. §72 An Escocheon to be placed before any of these locks. 1879Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Escutcheon..a plate for protecting the keyhole of a door; or one to which the handle of a door is attached.
d. Horticulture. A shield-shaped portion of a branch, containing a bud, cut for use as a graft.
1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 61 Cut your escutcheon long enough..that it may derive nourishment.
e. Naut. (see quot.)
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Escutcheon, the compartment in the middle of the ship's stern, where her name is written.
f. Zool. (see quots.)
1854Woodward Mollusca ii. 947 The lunule..is an oval space in front of the beaks [of bivalves]..When a similar impression exists behind the beaks, it is termed the escutcheon. Ibid. (1856) 305 Meroe..Shell oval, compressed..ligament in a deep escutcheon.
g. = milk escutcheon (milk n. 10).
1847tr. F. Guenon's Treat. Milk Cows 33 Cows of each class have their print or escutcheon marked by the hair, which starting first from the middle of the four teats, as the center, extends under the belly... It may be said in general, that the cows whose escutcheon is formed of the finest hair, are the best. 1881[see milk-escutcheon]. 1912F. T. Barton Cattle, Sheep & Pigs i. 18 The escutcheon may extend over the whole of the hind quarters and the udder.
4. Comb. escutcheon grafting (see 3 d).
1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Grafting, They will thrive..well upon the Quince tree by Escutcheon grafting.
Hence eˈscutcheoned ppl. a., furnished or decorated with escutcheons.
1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 356 What..is this escutcheon'd world, Which hangs out Death in one eternal night? 1822Byron Werner v. i, Our banner'd and escutcheon'd gallery. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 298 Doggeries never so escutcheoned must take the fate of such. |