| 释义 |
▪ I. avenge, v.|əˈvɛndʒ|
Forms: 4–6 auenge, (4 awenge), 5 avenie (= je), 5–6 aduenge, 5– avenge.
[a. OF. avengier (3rd s. pr. avenge), f. à to + vengier:—L. vindicāre to claim as one's own, avenge: see vindicate. The pref. a- was often in the 15–16th c. expanded to ad-, after assumed Latin analogies; cf. advertise, advance, advowson.]
1. To take vengeance, inflict retributive punishment, exact satisfaction, or retaliate, on behalf of (an injured person, violated right, etc.); to vindicate. Const. on, upon, of (arch.), against (arch. or obs.), (over obs.) the offender; of, against the offence (arch.).
a. trans.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 382 Now kynde me auenge. c1450Merlin x. 155 He wolde his felowe a-venge yef he in eny wyse cowde. 1526Tindale Luke xviii. 3 Avenge [Wyclif, venge] me of myne adversary. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iv. 94 Remember to auenge me on the French. 1655Milton Sonn. xviii, Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints. 1799Sheridan Pizarro ii. iv, Go, and avenge your fallen brethren. 1866Neale Seq. & Hymns 74 Thou shalt avenge Thy right.
b. refl. (on one's own behalf.)
c1380Sir Ferumb. 1029 Auenge þe her-of eft sone. 1481Caxton Myrr. iii. xiii. 162 Thus auenged he hym on her. 1587Golding De Mornay xvi. 259 Brute Beasts..they ad⁓uenge themselues. 1861Hook Lives Abps. I. vii. 377 Edwy had the power to avenge himself upon Dunstan.
fig.1837Disraeli Venetia i. ix, He..avenged himself at these moments for his habitual silence before third persons.
c. passively. (Chiefly with reflexive sense.)
c1375Wyclif Antecrist 126 Crist was suffryng & forȝaue, & þei wolen be awengid. c1440Syr Gowghter 448 On the he will avenied be. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 418/2, I shal be aduengyd agenst the. 1535Coverdale Ps. cxix. 84 When wilt thou be auenged of my aduersaries? 1667Milton P.L. ix. 143 Hee to be aveng'd..Determin'd to advance into our room A Creature form'd of Earth.
d. intr. (refl. pron. omitted) To take vengeance.
1535Coverdale Isa. i. 23, I must ease me of myne enemies, and a venge [1611 auenge me] vpon them. 1611Bible Lev. xix. 18 Thou shalt not auenge [Coverdale, thyself], nor beare any grudge against the children of thy people.
2. trans. To take vengeance, inflict retributive punishment, or retaliate on account of, or to exact satisfaction for (a wrong or injury, or the feelings of resentment caused by it). Const. as in 1.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 101 For be þis derkenesse ydo his deth worth avenged. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour H vij, For to auenge his grete yre. 1541Barnes Wks. (1573) 289/1 The which God shall aduenge full straitly ouer you. 1611Bible Hosea i. 4, I will auenge the blood of Iezreel vpon the house of Iehu. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 112 To avenge even a look that threatened her with insult. 1860Massey Hist. Eng. III. xxix. 267 Private grudges were avenged.
†3. To take vengeance upon. Obs.
1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 206 Thy mercy in blessing and forgiuing thy people, and thy judgment in avenging thine enemies. 1666[see avenging vbl. n.]
¶ Neither in earlier, nor even in modern, usage is the restriction of avenge and its derivatives to the idea of just retribution, as distinguished from the malicious retaliation of revenge, absolutely observed, although it largely prevails.
▪ II. aˈvenge, n. arch.
[f. prec. vb.]
Execution of vengeance; retributive punishment, retaliation (either upon an offender, or on account of a wrong).
1568Queen Elizabeth in H. Campbell Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots (1824) App. 12 Fearing his avenge when he shall come to age. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 668 That for Gods glory in the avenge of Idolatry..there should be no rain for a time. 1880Lit. World 31 Dec. 453/1 A Spanish avenge for the death of Mary Queen of Scots. |