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▪ I. temperate, a.|ˈtɛmpərət|
Forms: 4–7 temperat, (4–6 -orat(e), 6–7 temprate, 5– temperate.
[ad. L. temperāt-us tempered, regulated, restrained, pa. pple. of temperāre to temper.]
1. Of persons, their conduct, practices, etc.: Keeping due measure, self-restrained, moderate.
a. (a) in earlier use esp. = L. modestus, Gr. ἐπιεικής, Not swayed by passion, gentle, mild, forbearing; in later use esp. not extreme, violent, or strongly partisan; moderate, dispassionate.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 305 Clene religioun..is chast, pesible, temperat, tretable. 1382–8[see temperant 1]. 1538Elyot, Moderatus, moderate, temperate. Modestus, temperate, well aduised. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 61 Without any temprate protestacion, Thus he began. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 378 He waxed hote..and rayled moste bitterly on them both, being a Germain,..both the Spaniardes and Italians were a great deale more temperate. 1595Shakes. John ii. i. 195 Peace Lady, pause, or be more temperate. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xvii, Their conduct was more temperate. 1840Mill Diss. & Disc. (1875) I. 407 This is a temperate statement. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iv. I. 490 He belonged to the mildest and most temperate section of the Puritan body. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. (1889) II. lxxxv. 337 A majority is tyrannical when it..suppresses fair and temperate criticism.
(b) Of a horse: Not over-excitable or impetuous.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 150 The filly..proving after trial high-couraged and temperate.
b. Moderate and self-controlled as regards the indulgence of appetites or desires; abstemious, sober; continent; in late use spec. moderate or abstemious in the use of alcoholic drinks.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 66 Temperat dyete, temperat travaile. 1531Elyot Gov. iii. xx, He that is temperate fleeth pleasures voluptuous, and with the absence of them is nat discontented. 1573–80Baret Alv. T 116 A moderate and temperate supper. 1598R. Barckley Felic. Man (1631) 503 A temperate man that is contented with little. 1678tr. Lessius, etc. (title) The Temperate Man, or the right way of Preserving Life and Health. 1799S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T., Old Wom. (ed. 2) I. 367 [His] temperate habits made him look on luxury with disgust. 1836J. Hume Sp. Ho. Com. 24 Mar., I would wish to bring the people round to temperate habits by giving them cheaper wines. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 76 The temperate life has gentle pains and pleasures. 1890Besant Demoniac ii, That a young man of strictly temperate habits should thus suddenly become a drunkard.
2. Of things, actions, qualities, conditions, etc.: Tempered, not excessive in degree; moderate.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxiii. (Bodl. MS.), He makeþ þe voice smeþe & euen & temperatte. Ibid. x. viii. (1495) 379 By temperate blaste of wynde sparkles ben kyndlyd, and quenchyd by stronge blaste. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. v. xviii. in Ashm. (1652) 152 Make thy fyre so temperat. 1471[see quinarity]. 1551Turner Herbal i. F ij, Thys herbe semeth to be of a temporate warmnes. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 689 Yorkeshire..is thought to be in a temperate measure fruitfull. 1625Bacon Ess., Plantations (Arb.) 533 Let not the Gouernment..depend vpon too many Counsellours,..but vpon a temperate Number. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 144 They put their Eggs in Ovens, which they heat with so temperate a warmth,..that chickens are..hatched in them. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. i. viii. 561 With respect to extending Christianity..it must proceed from temperate and gradual proceedings. 1855Prescott Philip II, I. i. iv. 51 At the temperate hour of nine, the bridal festivities closed.
3. spec.
a. Of the weather, season, climate, etc.: Moderate in respect of warmth: neither too hot nor too cold; of mild and equable temperature.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 239 That tyme was as the temperate tyme of yer. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop v. viii, This yere shalle be the most temperate and the moost fertyle..that euer thou sawest. 1587Mirr. Mag., Albanact xliv, So cleare the ayre, so temperate the clime. 1625N. Carpenter Geog. Del. ii. ii. (1635) 22 Who findes not by experience one Countrey hot, another cold, a third temperate? 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 186 It enjoys a Temperater Air than would be allowed by the Poet under the Fifth Zone. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. (1869) I. 437 The climate was healthy and temperate. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 107 Mild winters and less temperate summers.
b. temperate zone: Each of the two zones or belts of the earth's surface lying between the torrid and frigid zones; i.e. the north temperate zone between the tropic of Cancer and the arctic circle, and the south temperate zone between the tropic of Capricorn and the antarctic circle.
1551Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 64 Betweene those Frozen zones, and the Burning zone, they appointed two Temperat zones. 1625N. Carpenter Geog. Del. i. ix. (1635) 206 The Temperate Zone is the space contained betwixt the Tropicke and the Polar circle. 1880Haughton Phys. Geog. iii. 125 The temperate zones owe very little of their heat to the latent heat of vapour formed in the torrid zone.
c. Of food: produced in, or suitable for production in, a moderate climate.
1960Economist 8 Oct. 125/3 The New Zealanders..have recognised that reconciling their highly competitive exports of temperate farm products with a common European agricultural policy will be an extremely difficult task. 1962Listener 27 Sept. 462/1 The so-called temperate foodstuffs—that's to say corn and meat and dairy produce. 1980Nature 7 Feb. 514/3 In many parts of the Third World people eat temperate vegetables: cauliflower, onions, carrots, potatoes, cucumber, tomatoes.
4. Of monarchy or sovereignty, hence also of the sovereign: Restricted in extent of authority; not absolute; limited; constitutional. Obs. or arch.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 307 Themperour hath done herein the duty of a temperate Prince. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vii. x. 525 These Barbarians, of temperate Kings became tyrants. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. iii. iii. (1651) 325 Whether Monarchies should be mixt, temperate, or absolute. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington vii, That sober freedom out of which there springs Our loyal passion for our temperate Kings.
†5. Of clay or earth: = tempered 1 d. Obs.
1574T. Hill Planting 85 Close it with good temperate earth about the graffe.
6. Music. = tempered 1 e.
1876tr. Blaserna's Sound vii. 137 The fruit of these manifold attempts..is the temperate scale, which reached its full development in the middle of the last century, especially by means of the works of Sebastian Bach.
†7. = tempered, pa. pple. of temper v. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. xix. (1495) d vj b/1 By the drawynge of the ayre the brayne is temperat & comforted. 1634Holland Pliny xx. xiv. II. 61 [Nep] mixed with a third part of bread, and so temperat [ed. 1601 tempered] and incorporat with vinegre to the form of a liniment.
8. Microbiology. Of a phage: not necessarily causing lysis of the host cell, but able to exist as a prophage for a number of generations; giving rise to lysogenic bacteria. [tr. F. tempéré (F. Jacob et al. 1953, in Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur LXXXIV. 223).]
1953Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. XVIII. 65/1 It has been proposed..to call temperate (as opposed to virulent) those phages which are able to establish the lysogenic condition in their host cells. 1961M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xxvi. 401 The virulent phages are often termed lytic, since they disrupt the bacteria they infect; the symbiotic phages are usually termed temperate. Cultures infected with a temperate phage are confusingly termed lysogenic. 1979Arms & Camp Biology xvi. 244 A virulent, lytic bacteriophage..can only replicate and cause cell lysis. Other phages, known as temperate phages, may either replicate and lyse the cell they invade, or may instead enter a dormant phase in which the phage DNA is joined to that of the host cell..and replicated with it over many cell generations.
▪ II. † ˈtemperate, v. Obs.
[f. ppl. stem of L. temperāre to temper. (Occurs earlier as pa. pple. = L. temperātus: see prec. 7: cf. -ate3 3–5.)]
= temper v.
1. trans. To mix suitably; to moderate, qualify, mitigate, allay; = temper v. 1, 2; to bring into a proper state or condition; = temper v. 5.
a1540Barnes Wks. (1573) 217/1 For mollifying, and temperatyng of those thinges, that seemed to bee somewhat hardly spoken. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 53 The verteous heyt of it [the sun] temperatis al the sternis of the firmament. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. *iv, I endevoured to temperate the rigoure of the first Chyrurgians. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 431 The same..doth temperate and confirm the brains of any man. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 228 A clime..exceeding hote;..yet sometimes temperated by the comfortable winds. 1698Crowne Caligula iv. Dram. Wks. 1874 IV. 407 If I were wise I'd temp'rate love with art. 1750Johnson Rambler 17 ⁋10 Nor is fear..less to be temperated by this universal medicine of the mind.
2. To rule; to curb, restrain; = temper v. 7, 8.
a1568R. Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 112 This fulnes as it is not to be misliked in a yong man, so in farder aige..it is to be temperated, or else discretion and iudgement shall seeme to be wanting in him. 1642H. More Song of Soul ii. i. ii. xliii, She temperates Her starrie orb, makes her bright forms to wend Even as she list. 1648Lightfoot Horæ Hebraicæ (1684) II. 572 Let him..learn from you to temperate his passions.
Hence ˈtemperated ppl. a., tempered, moderated; ˈtemperating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
a1540Temperatyng [see sense 1]. 1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. App. 77 Placing the power in such sort in the King, that the temperating of it should be in the middle Iudge. 1737Boyse The Olive xviii, Hence the mild Sweets of temperated Sway. 1753N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 22 Broths mixt with Juice of aperitive and temperating Herbs. 1788Misc. in Ann. Reg. 134/2 The moon was darting her temperated rays through the shade. 1831J. Davies Manual Mat. Med. 5 Acids, when weak or diluted, act..as refrigerant and temperating medicines. |