| 释义 |
ephor|ˈɛfə(r)|
Also used in L. pl. form ephori.
[ad. Gr. ἔϕορος (= Epic ἐπίουρος) overseer, overlooker, f. ἐπί upon + root *ϝορ, as in ὁράειν to see. Also used in L. pl. form ephori, whence app. the form ephories in 16–17th c.]
1. The title given to certain magistrates in various Dorian states, esp. at Sparta, where the five ephors, appointed annually by popular election, exercised a controlling power over the kings.
1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. (1589) 547 To content the people, they appointed five Ephories who were chosen out of the people, as Tribunes to keep away tyranny. 1594Mirr. Policy (1599) B, Those which are good, would curbe and bridle him. As the Ephori did the Kings of Lacedemonia. 1602L. Lloyd Confer. Lawes 43 The Areopagites in Athens..the Ephories in Sparta..the Amphictions at Trozaena. 1642Coll. Rights & Priv. Parl. 10 At Lacedemonia, the Ephors; at Athens, the Demarches. 1689Def. Liberty agst. Tyrants 76 The Ephores or Controllers of the Kings. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. 321 Before the ephors made an exception, every one rose at his [the king's] approach.
†b. transf. Obs. rare.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. (1703) II. vi. 5 Mr. Hollis, Sr. Walter Earl, and other ephori. 1732Wogan Let. in Swift's Wks. (1824) XVII. 485 Their [kings' of England] inherent rights..were but mere feathers, the sport of every wind that blew from the ephori of the people.
2. In modern Greece: An overseer, superintendent of public works.
1890Athenæum 15 Mar. 252/1 The excavations at Lycosoura..will now be resumed, under the direction of the Ephor, B. A. Leonardos.
Hence ˈephoral, a., of or pertaining to the ephors. ˈephoralty, the office of ephor; also, the body of ephors. ˈephorate, = ephoralty in both senses. eˈphoric a. = ephoral. † ˈephorism, nonce-wd., a tribunal resembling that of the ephors. † ˈephorize v. Obs., to exercise a controlling influence over; to over-rule as the ephors did. ˈephorship, the term of office as ephor. † ˈephory [cf. Gr. ἐϕορεία], the body of ephors.
1836Lytton Athens (1837) I. 209 Aristotle paints the evil of the *ephoral magistrature, but acknowledges that it gave strength and durability to the state. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. i. (1862) 18 It was not till above a century after his decease that the Ephoral power became any protection to the people.
1833Lewis in Philol. Museum II. 49 Dr. Arnold then proceeds to describe the *Ephoralty as a magistracy contrived for the purpose of, etc. 1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 267 At the same time he abolished the Ephoralty.
1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. III. 42 An *ephorate or court of supreme revision for laws and magistracies. 1897Daily News 26 Apr. 8/6 The two native bodies, the Athenian Ephorate and the Society of Antiquities. 1923W. W. Tarn in J. B. Bury et al. Hellenistic Age 134 Then, having captured the ephorate, they were able to prevent him [sc. Agis] carrying out both his proposals together. Ibid. 135 He [sc. Cleomenes] also abolished the ephorate.
1846Grote Greece (1862) II. vi. 144 The annual *ephoric oath of office.
1633James in Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 9 Thrice I have bin hal'd before Our *Ephorismes of state.
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 50 These Essentially, must not be *Ephorized or Tribuned by one or a few Mens discretion.
1850Grote Greece ii. lxii. VIII. 31 In this 13th year of the reign of Darius, and in the *ephorship of Alexippidas at Lacedæmon.
1689tr. Buchanan's De Jure Regni 42 Up⁓braiding him that by adding the *Ephory he [Theopompus] had diminished the Power of his Authority. |