| 释义 |
tear-
the stem of tear v.1 in comb.
1. With adv., forming ns. or adjs., as tear-away, adj., characterized by impetuous speed, tearing (cf. tear v.1 9); n., one who or that which ‘tears’ or rushes away, or acts with great impetuosity; now usu. (written tearaway), an unruly young person, a hooligan, ruffian, or petty criminal (formerly applied spec. to a kind of thief: see quot. 1938); tear-down, the complete dismantling of a piece of machinery; tear-off, adj., adapted to be torn off; n., a sheet or slip of paper so attached as to be easily torn off; tear-out, the action of pulling out the fitments, décor, etc., of a room; tear-up n., an uprooting; a violent removal (Cent. Dict. 1891); also (slang), the action or an instance of tearing up; a spell of wild, destructive behaviour; a mêlée; in Jazz, a lively, rousing performance (cf. tear v.1 3 g).
1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. iii. vii, To mount a great *tear-away chestnut horse. 1891N. Gould Double Event 67 The tearaway [a horse] of that morning..had suddenly developed into a mild, affectionate creature. 1901S. F. Bullock Irish Past. iv. 100 Now that lassie's a tear-away. 1903Windsor Mag. Sept. 394/2 The substitutes also were tear-away bowlers, but they were not so fast as the first pair. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad i. 15 A type of crime which has almost died out now was that carried out by thieves known as ‘Tearaways’ who used to hang about outside the theatres after the show and snatch costly brooches from women's dress fronts. 1950Observer 2 Apr. 7/3 He..boasted of being a proper ‘tearaway’ (one who sticks at nothing). 1958Punch 19 Feb. 263/2 You get some proper tearaways (quarrelsome fellows) at the dogs. 1962Observer 18 Feb. 21/3 My grandfather was a pickpocket, my six uncles were all villains and tearaways, my brothers and friends were thieves. 1978L. Davidson Chelsea Murders xxiii. 140 He had a bit of form..in younger days a tearaway, the odd charge of violence.
1976Lebende Sprachen XXI. 152/2 After engine *teardown exercise special care to replace damaged carbon rubbing type seals. 1981Pop. Hot Rodding Feb. 51/1 Installing new pistons means removing the engine, an almost complete tear-down, and then a re-installation job.
1889Pall Mall G. 21 Dec. 3/1 Blotting pads, with a *tear-off engagement-sheet at the side. 1910Tear-off [see block n. 10 c]. 1945J. Rhys-Williams Stern Daughter xxx. 207 The little calendar..was the tear-off kind, with quotations. 1961‘B. Wells’ Day Earth caught Fire i. 7 An alert..youngish man..was at his desk busily working on tear-offs with swift, practised strokes of his red pencil. 1980T. Barling Goodbye Piccadilly ii. 50 A big tear-off calendar gave today's date.
1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 17 June 3-f/1 (Advt.), Custom Homes. Apartments. Remodeling... ‘Specializing in *Tear-Out.’ Every kind of concrete work.
1886H. Baumann Londinismen 206/2 *Tear-up.., feine(s) Geschäft. 1890in Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang II. 339/2 ‘What is it this time?’.. ‘Only a tear up.’.. Among the readers of the St. James's Gazette there may be some who are unacquainted with the accepted method of obtaining a fresh outfit among the casual poor. Ibid. 340/1 At his feet, in a heap on the floor, lay some filthy rags,..the remnants of what had recently been his garments... The heap was the result of the tear up. 1958S. Race in P. Gammond Decca Bk. Jazz x. 125 Max Kaminsky..and of course Bunny Berigan all took turns to roughen up that smooth ensemble.., with the historic Berigan tear-ups especially welcome. 1964E. Parr Grafters All xiii. 151 He enters an orgy of crime, more commonly known as ‘having a tear-up’. 1974J. McVicar McVicar i. iii. 62, I decided to have a tear-up. 1982New Society 9 Dec. 422/2 We've had a tear-up with the police. 1983Listener 9 June 35/3 The music is not the tear-up associated with jazz at the Phil.
2. With n. in objective relation, forming ns. or adjs., as tear-arse slang, a very active busy person; hence as v. intr. (also U.S. tear-ass), to drive recklessly, rush around wildly and rowdily; † ˈtear-brain: see quot.; tear-brass a., rowdy, prodigal; tear-bridge a., that tears or destroys bridges: used as epithet of a river; tear-cat, adj., swaggering, ranting, bombastic (see tear v.1 1 d); n., a bully, swaggerer, ‘fire-eater’; † tear-mouth, an epithet applied to a ranting actor; † tear-placket, ? a cutpurse; † tear-rogue, ? a roistering disreputable fellow; tear-sheet chiefly U.S., a sheet torn from a publication (or, later, separately printed and unbound) to be sent to an advertiser whose advertisement appears on it as proof of insertion; also one containing an article; more generally, a tear-off sheet from a teleprinter or calendar; † tear-throat, adj., that ‘tears’ or irritates the throat; n., a ranting actor; tear-thumb, two species of Polygonum native to North America (and Asia), the halberd-leaved tear-thumb, P. arifolium, and the arrow-leaved, P. sagittatum; so called from the hooked prickles on the petioles and angles of the stems.
1923J. Manchon Le Slang 308 *Tear-arse,..un qui s'échine (à travailler). 1942Berry & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §53/8 Tear-ass &c. around,..to hasten or rush around. 1954Amer. Speech XXIX. 103 Tear ass, v. phr., to drive fast or recklessly. 1968J. Wainwright Edge of Extinction 34 We're the..killjoys. The miserable bastards who won't let 'em tear-arse around the town at sixty miles an hour. 1972A. Draper Death Penalty xix. 119 Some lads were picked up after the cup match for tear-arsing around. 1976J. Fraser Who steals my Name? ii. 17 You'll need to settle down. You can't be a teararse all your life.
1796G. M. Woodward Eccentric Excurs. 80 Another curious liquor called *tear-brain, composed entirely of Rum and Brandy.
1880T. Hardy Trumpet-Major ix, To..provide goods for his breaking, and house-room and drink for his *tear-brass set.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iii. Colonies 429 The di'pry verges Of *tear-bridge Tygris.
1606Day Ile of Guls Prol. (1881) 6, I had rather heare two good baudie iests then a whole play of such *teare-cat thunderclaps. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl D.'s Wks. 1873 III. 215 D. What's thy name fellow souldier? T. I am cal'd by those who haue seen my valour, Tear-Cat. 1821Scott Kenilw. xii, A man of mettle—one of those ruffling tear-cats, who maintain their master's quarrel with sword and buckler.
1601B. Jonson Poetaster iii. iv, You grow rich, doe you? and purchase, you two-penny *teare-mouth? 1819Scott Let. to Southey 4 Apr., in Lockhart, A copper-laced, twopenny tearmouth.
c1600Day Begg. Bednall Gr. iv. i, I have spent many a gray groat of honest swaggerers and *tear-Plackets..that I never drunk for.
1685Depos. fr. Cast. York (Surtees) 275 He was a Monmouth *teare-rogue, and..had raysed men..for Monmouth's service.
1930H. A. Groesbeck Practical Photo-Engraving ii. 4 The ‘*tear-sheet’ of the newspaper advertisement, also the drawing from which it was made, have just been received. 1950R. Chandler Let. 15 Feb. (1981) 210 Herewith the tear sheets from a Pocket Atlantic with..the article you desired. 1962Listener 19 Apr. 672/1 One of the President's advisers came in with a tear-sheet from the news ticker. 1972M. J. Bosse Incident at Naha i. 16 He was slowly flipping the tear sheets of the desk calendar.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise Hempseed Wks. iii. 65 The *teare-throat cough and tisick, From which, to health men are restor'd by Physicke. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes i. vii. 24 The Poets of the Fortune and red Bull, had alwayes a mouth-measure for their Actors (who were terrible teare throats).
1866Treas. Bot., *Tear-thumb. 1926W. Virginia Legislature Hand Bk. 488 Do you see among those [wild flowers] present, any exotics?.. Yes..This bit of smart-weed or tear thumb. 1978C. B. Dugdale Mod. Amer. Herbal II. 124 Tearthumb; Arrow-leaved Tearthumb... The small cluster of flowers varies in color from pinkish to whitish.
▸ tear-down n. N. Amer. colloq. a house bought for the express purpose of demolishing it and building a larger one on the same plot; a purchase of this type.
1990Los Angeles May 8/1 The natives are complaining about its rapid Beverley Hills-ization as pushy refugees from the south scour the avocado-smothered hills for a $2 million *tear-down. 1994Chicago Tribune 21 July ii. 7/4 Since the mid-1980s, suburbs such as Hinsdale and Evanston have seen a rash of teardowns. 2005Wall St. Jrnl. (Central ed.) 21 Mar. a2/4 Homes also are removed or lost..because of ‘tear downs’. |