| 释义 |
▪ I. tart, n.|tɑːt|
Also 4–6 tarte, 5 taarte, tartt, 6 tairte, 9 Sc. tairt, teart.
[a. F. tarte (13th c.), an open tart, in our sense 1 b (a), = med.L. tarta (1103 in Du Cange); of uncertain origin.
F. tarte was held by Diez to be altered from OF. torte, F. tourte, a disc-shaped cake or loaf, also a pasty, a pie, late L. torta panis, a kind of loaf or bread (Vulg.); and the two words certainly sometimes run together in use: cf. It. (Florio) torta, tortara ‘a tart’ (Baretti), torta ‘a pasty’; Sp. (Minsheu) torta, tarta ‘a tart’, mod.Sp. torta a covered pasty, tarta a tart; but there are phonetic difficulties in the identification, which is rejected by Hatz.-Darm. Du. taart, tart, is from Fr. The Welsh torth, Breton tors round loaf, are from L. torta or OF. torte.]
1. Name for various dishes consisting of a crust of baked pastry enclosing different ingredients;
†a. formerly with meat, fish, cheese, fruit, etc.: the same or nearly the same as a pie.
b. In current use restricted to (a) a flat, usually small, piece of pastry, with no crust on the top (so distinguished from a pie), filled with fruit preserve or other sweet confection; (b) a covered fruit pie: = pie n.2 1 (c): in this application formerly chiefly dial. or local, now in polite or fashionable use.
a.a1400Morte Arth. 186 Tartes of Turky, taste whane þeme lykys. c1400Rom. Rose 7041 With tendre gees, & with capons, With tartes, or with chesis [MS. cheffis] fat, With deynte flawnes, brode & flat. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 565/44 Artocrea, anc⊇ a tart. c1430Two Cookery-bks. (E.E.T.S.) 47 Tartes de chare... Tartes of Fyssche. c1440Promp. Parv. 487/1 Taarte, bake mete.., tarta. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 1245 The Balade also of the Mustarde Tarte; Suche problemis to paynt it longyth to his arte. 1552Huloet, Tarte or march pane, chanona. 1598Epulario H iij, To make Tarts..of Creuisses. Ibid. H iij b, To make Tarts of Eeles. 1771E. Haywood New Present 192 A Tart [made of veal suet, seasoning, bread, eggs, veal sweetbreads,..etc. made in a dish].
b.c1430Two Cookery-bks. (E.E.T.S.) 48 Tartes of Frute in lente. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 119 b, The tartes made onlye of Heppes serue well to be eaten of them that vomit to much. 1580in Hist. MSS. Comm., Var. Collect. (1903) 444 b, Dinner. To my Master... A boild meat of mutton [etc.]. Second course. Rabytes roste. Chickins roste [etc.]... Arttigoges, and strobarye tairte. 1584Cogan Haven Health cvii. (1636) 108 Boyle them [fruit]..till they be soft, then to draw them, as yee doe a tart. 1668–9Pepys Diary 24 Feb., A mighty neat dish of custards and tarts. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Tart, a sort of Baked Dish, consisting of Summer Fruits bak'd in Paste. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 218 One of ye West Country tarts..its an apple pye with a Custard all on the top. 1725Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v., When the Tart is made, you must cover it at top with some Bands of Paste, and having sugar'd it, bake it in the Oven. 1737Gentl. Mag. VII. 307/2 Need I the currant sing, or goosberry praise, Prepar'd in tarts which artful females raise? 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 215 To preserve Currants for Tarts. 1899W. H. Mallock Individualist xix. 187 Her rejection of a nice little jam tart..‘she never touched patisserie’.
2. fig.
a. Applied, gen. (orig. often endearingly) to a girl or woman; freq. in Australia and N.Z. Also in Liverpool dial. (with def. article or possessive pron.): a wife or girl-friend. slang.
1864Hotten Slang Dict. 254 Tart, a term of approval applied by the London lower orders to a young woman for whom some affection is felt. The expression is not generally employed by the young men, unless the female is in ‘her best’. 1898in M. Davitt Life & Progr. Austral. xxxv. 192 And his lady love's his ‘donah’, Or his ‘dinah’, or his ‘tart’. 1916[see dinkum a.]. 1918N.Z.E.F. Chrons. 5 July 252/2, I blushes like a 14-year old tart. 1931‘G. Orwell’ Coll. Essays (1968) 71 This word [sc. tart] now seems absolutely interchangeable with ‘girl’, with no implication of ‘prostitute’. People will speak of their daughter or sister as a tart. a1943L. Esson in Penguin Bk. Austral. Ballads (1964) 233 All the tarts iz waitin'..In their flashest clobber. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xv. 327 In the south of England a girl is often spoken of as a ‘tart’ (referred to as such by boys aged 11), and..no disrespect is implied by the word. A ‘posh tart’ is indeed a general term of admiration for a well-dressed, nice-looking girl. 1962Guardian 24 Dec. 4/2 It's the little things at home that start nagging, and the tart's not well. 1966[see judy].
1980V. S. Pritchett Tale Bearers 84 His mother, a decent, now elderly tart found living with her black servant.
b. A female of immoral character; a prostitute. Also loosely as a term of abuse. slang.
1887Morn. Post 25 Jan., The paragraph..referred to the young ladies in the chorus at the Avenue and spoke of them as ‘tarts’. It was suggested on the part of the prosecution that the word ‘tart’ really meant a person of immoral character. 1894Daily News 5 Feb. 2/7 Some of the women described themselves as ‘Tarts’..and said that they got their living in the best way they could. 1903Farmer Slang, Tart (common). Primarily a girl, chaste or not; now (unless loosely used) a wanton, mistress, ‘good-one’. 1922E. O'Neill Hairy Ape v. 57 I see yuh, yuh white-faced tart, yuh! 1936G. Greene Gun for Sale ii. 37 A woman policeman kept an eye on the tarts at the corner. 1951S. Longstreet Pedlocks ii. v. 93 Real fancy night[-gown], pink drawers, black lace... Nothing cheap for us like the grimy tarts on Mercury Street. 1965E. J. Howard After Julius ix. 133 People don't..call other people tarts because they go to bed with people without marrying them. 1979J. Cooper Class 17, I evolved a new way of dressing: five-inch high-heeled shoes, tight straight skirts, very very tight cheap sweaters, and masses of make-up... I looked just like a tart.
c. The young favourite of an older man; a catamite. Also loosely, a male prostitute. slang.
1935I. Miller School Tie ii. ix. 110 Being a tart. The sort of thing you were getting up to with Black last Easter term. 1943D. Welch Jrnl. 23 Feb. (1952) 43 A week afterwards I had a letter from this old boy—quite elaborately romantic... As Geoffrey approached I held the letter down, against me. ‘What are you engrossed in?’ he jeered... ‘A tart-note I bet. You've had a tart-note.’ 1952A. Wilson Hemlock & After i. v. 95, I can usually manage a tart's holiday at Cannes or Ischia. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 30 Jan. 100/3 He nearly loses the boy to a male tart in the city. 1977Ibid. 1 Apr. 401/4 The boys that Isherwood and his friends picked up were not professional tarts only out for what they could get.
3. attrib. and Comb., as tart-dish, tart-maker, tart-seller; † tart-stuff, a confection of fruit for making tarts (obs.); tart-woman, a woman who sells tarts.
1782Withering in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 329 Vessels..made like a common *tart-dish, with a spreading border.
1886Pall Mall G. 15 May 3/2 Verses, eulogizing the *tart⁓maker and her handiwork.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 199/1 I've been a cake and a *tart-seller in the streets for seven or eight years.
1623Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) p. xlvii, Lumpe sugar for *tarte stuffe.
1848Thackeray Van. Fair l, When he was rich he would buy Leader's pencil-case, and pay the *tart-woman. 1851― Eng. Hum. iii. (1863) 126 This boy went invariably into debt with the tart-woman.
▸ tart with a heart n. (also tart with a heart of gold and variants) a (type of) woman (freq. a prostitute) portrayed or characterized as apparently disreputable or unprincipled but intrinsically good-hearted, sensitive, or compassionate, esp. viewed as a stock or clichéd dramatic character.
1961Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 8 Sept. 16/2 The ‘Never on Sunday’ tart with a heart as she has been called in the movie—Melinda Mercouri—made this film in 1955, toward the beginning of her career. 1977Washington Post (Nexis) 25 Oct. b6 Instead of well-heeled insiders, Wilson's characters are seedy outsiders, dominated by the old tart-with-the-heart-of-gold theme. 1989K. Newman Night Mayor (1990) (BNC) 68 Here's another recurrent characterisation... The tart with a heart. 2005Guardian (Nexis) 16 July (Guide section) 71 And while Elizabeth Shue as the hooker sharing his final binge is at times dangerously close to being the tart with a heart, she avoids being overshadowed by Cage's performance.
▸ tart card n. Brit. colloq. a business card advertising the services of a prostitute, esp. one placed in a public telephone box.
1994Today 3 Nov. 3/2 Oxford Street, Baker Street, Edgware Road, Marylebone Road and areas around main line stations are all blackspots in the explosion of *tartcards. 2002Time Out 5 June 35/4 Two years ago it was estimated that the carding system was so popular that around 650 prostitutes were advertising through the use of tart cards in London.
▪ II. tart, a.
Forms: 1 teart, 6–7 tarte, 4, 6– tart.
[OE. teart; ulterior derivation obscure: by some referred to root of ter-an to tear.
The sense-history is also deficient. Teart appears in OE. only in reference to punishment, pain, or suffering, which use of tart, after many centuries, reappears late in 16th c. In the ME. period, the word is known only by a single instance in Chaucer (if this is the adj.), continued after 1500, in sense ‘of a sharp, pungent, or sour taste’. In 1500 it is also applied to a sharp or pungent weapon; and about 1600 to sharp, bitter, caustic, or stinging words. It is difficult from these data to infer the sense-development; and the order here followed is provisional.]
†1. Of pain, punishment, suffering, discipline, law: Sharp, severe, painful, grievous. Obs.
In OE.; not known in ME.; in mod.Eng. possibly newly developed from sense 2.
c1000in Napier O.E. Glosses 52/1946 Acerrimo, i. asperrimo, on þære teartestan. Ibid. 168/218 Acra, i. tearte. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 344 Ac beo hem ᵹesæd, ær he ᵹewite, ða teartan witu, þæt his heorte mid ðære biternysse beo ᵹehrepod.
1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. v. xvi. 89 Themison..tasted not of the tarte conyzance of confession. before the tyrant. 1579Gosson To Gentlew. Cit. Lond. in Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 61 My Schoole is tarte, but my counsell is plesaunt. 1602W. Fulbecke Pandectes xi. 81 And Iustinian his Law is tarte; Si quis..auserit, capitali pœna feriatur. 1605Shakes. Lear iv. ii. 87 Another way The Newes is not so tart.
2. Sharp to the sense of taste; † biting, pungent (obs.); now esp. sour, acid, or acidulous.
(The sense in the Chaucer quot. is not quite clear.)
c1386Chaucer Prol. 381 To boille the chiknes with the Marybones And poudre Marchant tart and galyngale. a1529Skelton El. Rummyng 435 Myghty stronge meate For the deuyll to eate; It was tart and punyete. 1601Holland Pliny II. 219 The Patient is to eat tart and sharp meats and poignant sauces [margin As Radish roots and oxymell]. 1626Dean Spadacrene Angl. Title-p., A Brief Treatise of the Acid Tart Fountain in the Forest of Knaresborough.
1530Palsgr. 327/1 Tarte, sharpe in taste as vinagre is, aigre, poignant. 1552Huloet, Tarte, acidus. Ibid., Tarte or somewhat eyger, subacidus. 1652Culpepper Eng. Physic. (1809) 356 If you love tart things, add ten drops of oil of vitriol to your pint. 1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) I. 139 Cherries..the juice of which was agreeably tart.
†b. Of the sense of taste: Keen. Obs. rare—1.
1605B. Jonson Volpone ii. i, Would you ever be fair and young? Stout of teeth, and strong of tongue? Tart of palat? quick of ear?
†3. Sharp, keen (as an edge, point, or weapon).
c1500H. Medwall Nature (Brandl) 777, I bought thys dagger at the marte, A sharp poynt and a tarte. 1600Marlowe & Chapman tr. Hero & Leander v. K iij b, Thin like an iron wedge, so sharpe and tart, As t'were of purpose made to cleaue Loues heart.
4. fig. Of words, speech, a speaker: Sharp in tone or tendency, biting, cutting, acrimonious, caustic.
1601Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Pref. 10 Here I renounce all tart and soure speach. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 35 Where wilt thou begin With thy tart phrase, to stinge and nettle him? 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. iii. x. 106 The Cynics..were very tart and satyric in their Declamations against this..kind of Oratorie. 1691Hartcliffe Virtues 185 Sometimes a tart Irony goes for Wit. 1710Addison Tatler No. 157 ⁋6 Entertaining the Company with tart ill-natured Observations. 1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall xxix, Her mind was made up, and she grew tart on the least contradiction. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxii. IV. 719 Ill humour..might sometimes impel him to give a tart answer.
5. Comb., as tart-tongued.
1602W. Fulbecke 2nd Pt. Parall. 26 b, Being a tart-tounged detractor.
▪ III. tart, v.1 rare. ? Obs.
[f. prec. adj.: cf. to sour.]
1. trans. To make tart, to sour; † to make pungent, give pungency to (obs.).
1616T. Scott Christ's Politician 32 One sponefull of vineger will soone tart a great deale of sweete milke. a1634Randolph Poems (1668) 28 To walk on our own ground..The best of sawce to tart our meats.
2. intr. To become tart or sour.
1629Gaule Holy Madn. 244 An ill Liquor that being kept too long, hath tarted and tainted the Caske.
▪ IV. tart, v.2 slang.
[f. tart n. 2.]
1. trans. To treat in the manner of a catamite or tart; to favour. nonce-use.
1930Auden Poems 31 For where are Basley who won the Ten, Dickson so tarted by the House, Thomas who kept a sparrow-hawk?
2. To dress up or adorn (a person), usu. in a showy or gaudy manner; to titivate; also refl. and intr. for refl. Freq. trans. and fig.
1938[implied at tarted ppl. a. a]. 1952Archit. Rev. cxii, 371/2 Unfortunately these devices to prevent the neighbourhood's slip from showing, have been ‘tarted-up’ with a variety of recessed panels, pipe ends, exposed brick heads and so forth, which seem to have no function. 1959Times Lit. Suppl. 29 May p. xix, There seems nowadays a disposition to tart up Shakespeare as if he cannot be taken straight. 1961[see pretty v.]. 1967Spectator 1 Dec. 690/3 Peacetime seems to have been passed in seducing the daughters of the local townsfolk..or tarting up one's uniform with more feathers or buttons. 1972J. Wilson Hide & Seek ii. 35 You won't be able to tart yourself up like a teenager much longer, Rose. 1976J. Cooper Harriet ii. xiv. 115 They were tarting up in the Ladies. 1978Observer 16 Apr. 38/1 American dealers would tart up the junk and sell it at suburban auctions at three times the English price.
3. intr.
a. To meet or pursue women.
b. Of a girl or woman: to behave like an immoral woman or a ‘tart’; freq. const. (a)round.
1948D. Ballantyne Cunninghams 30, I bet he's been tarting. 1949J. B. Priestley Home is Tomorrow ii. i. 47, I know I've behaved badly tarting around. 1959K. Waterhouse Billy Liar ii. 33, I would fall to wondering whether she was tarting round the streets with some American airman. 1960Spectator 18 Nov. 784 The boy would now turn soft and the girl start tarting. 1981P. Vansittart Death of Robin Hood iv. v. 206 All had tales of adventure... Some claimed to have been tarting. 1983J. Wainwright Their Evil Ways ii. 66 Her mother was tarting around with this other bloke.
▸ intr. Brit. colloq. With about or around. To behave in a flamboyant or showy manner; to flounce around; (also) to mess about, waste time.
1972A. Bennett Getting On ii. 36, I do not tart about the house in my underpants. 1982M. Kington Miles & Miles 54 Here she is tarting around in publishing. 1984D. Lessing Diaries of Jane Somers i. 69 Tarting around the room in one of Georgie's dresses. 1998Viz June–July 39/4 How lads, this'll tide wuz awa for half an oo-ah whilst the coppaz an'surljaz aall tart aroond. |