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▪ I. raking, vbl. n.1|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.1 + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of the vb., in various senses.
c1440Promp. Parv. 422/2 Rakynge, rastratura. 1474–5Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 95 Pro..le rakyng circa muros coquinæ. 1550Crowley Waie to Wealth 528 Howe you have obeyed the lawe in rakeinge together of fermes. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. xi. 150 There would be foul raking in the dust. 1702Eng. Theophrast. 377 That which some call good-husbandry, industry, and providence, others call raking, avarice, and oppression. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1776) s.v., This is frequently called raking fore and aft. 1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. 111 The raking of the guns across The world. 1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 18 Apr. 8 There should be full scale raking down of land and sowing.
b. With a: An instance of this.
c1700Battle of Pentland Hills in Child Ballads VII. 242 Such a raking was never seen As the raking o' the Rullien Green. 1883Jrnl. Educ. (U.S.) XVIII. 136 The average common-school received a raking.
c. concr. (in pl.). That which is collected with a rake. Also fig.
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 46 A fewe of those rakins will serve to blacken and spoyle a greate deale of better corne. 1698Sir J. Holt in 12 Mod. Rep. Case 399. 235 One may libel in the spiritual courts for tithe of rakings of corn. 1851Stephens Bk. Farm (ed. 2) II. 341/2 The rakings should not exceed from four to five per cent of the crop. 1868in Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. (1870) VII. 434 The supply of hogs..appeared to be made up of the rakings and sweepings of the country. 1977Times 24 Dec. 14/5 A series of ovens had been cut into the back of the rampart, their rakings being deposited in the abandoned ditch of the superseded marching camp.
d. A rebuke or scolding. Also with down, = a ‘dressing down’. Chiefly U.S.
1854La Crosse (Wisconsin) Democrat 17 Jan. 2/4 Mr. Wright..gave Smith a small raking down. 1883J. D. Shields Life & Times S. S. Prentiss 125 He cheerfully paid it, vowing that the ‘raking down’ which Prentiss had given his prosecutor was worth that. 1897G. Bartram People of Clopton iii. 80 He got such a terrific raking-down from Aunt that his long black shadow never darkened our doors again. 1907Black Cat Jan. 7 I'll bet somebody has got a raking for losing it.
2. spec.
a. Farriery. (See rake v.1 8.)
1805Trans. Soc. Arts XXIII. 108 Clysters and raking afford much relief. 1842W. C. Spooner White's Vet. Art 527 In some cases..the straight gut is so loaded with hard dung that raking is a necessary operation.
b. Billiards. (See quot. 1788.)
1670Cotton Gamester (1680) 22 Have a care of raking, for..it is a fault, hardly excusable. 1788in Bennett & ‘Cavendish’ Billiards (1873) 7 Trailing [or raking], that is, following the ball with the mace to such a convenient distance from the other ball as to make it an easy hazard.
3. attrib., as raking machinery, raking operation; raking-coal (see quot. 1883).
1866Engineering I. 340 Raking Machinery for the River Hooghly. Ibid., A steamer to be used in the raking operations. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Raking-coal, a large lump of hard coal placed upon a fire..for the purpose of just keeping it burning, or rather smouldering.
▪ II. raking, vbl. n.2|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.2 + -ing1.]
The action of the vb. (in sense 2).
1828J. S. Sebright Hawking 47 Buzzards, Sparrow⁓hawks..fly near the ground, and take their prey by what is called raking.
▪ III. raking, vbl. n.3|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.3 + -ing1.]
The fact of sloping or causing to slope; spec. in Building (usu. written racking), the action of rack v.7; also, the resulting arrangement of bricks or stones, and in phr. racking back.
1873A. M. Lang J. G. Medley's Roorkee Treat. Civil Engin. in India (ed. 3) I. xvii. 345 (heading) Racking back. c1880Dict. Archit. s.v. Jump, Instead of making abrupt jumps, it is better to let the brickwork rise gradually in step courses. This operation is called ‘raking back’. 1894C. F. Mitchell Building Construction iii. 132 Racking is the term applied to the method of arranging the edge of a brick wall, part of which is unavoidably delayed while the remainder is carried up. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 437/1 The foundations must be spread below the column bases... This is accomplished by rackings of stone or brickwork. 1945E. L. Braley Brickwork iii. 60 Racking back is the best method of executing this particular job, as by this means the bonding bricks can be perfectly bedded. 1946Holgate & McDougall Bricklaying vi. 88 Corbling and raking are also largely used in the building of chimney flues. Since a chimney flue always runs upwards at an angle, raking is necessary on one side and corbling on the other. 1964J. S. Scott Dict. Building 254 The normal way of building a brick wall consists of first building the corners or ends..in steps rising one course at a time from the middle part of the wall. The gradual increases of height to the corner are called racking back.
▪ IV. raking, vbl. n.4|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.4 + -ing1.]
Playing the rake; dissolute living.
1700Farquhar Constant Couple i. i, [He] usurps Gentility, where he may die by Raking. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 63 Something..kept me from the other degrees of raking and vice. 1828Lights & Shades I. 124, I didn't waste my health and my money in drinking and raking. 1874Green Short Hist. ix. §1. 589 Duelling and raking became the marks of a fine gentleman.
▪ V. raking, ppl. a.1|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.1 + -ing2.]
That rakes, in senses (esp. 2 and 9) of the vb.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lix. 2 A refyng sone of rakyng Muris. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. ix. (1632) 624 Daily did he send his raking Clerkes..to delude the King and purloine his Subiects. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. lxxxii, Raking chase-guns through our sterns they send. 1797Sir J. Jervis in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1845) II. 404 note, The Launch..was sunk by a raking shot from the Enemy's gun boats. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge i, Being exposed to this raking fire of eyes.
Add:b. raking light (Art and Photogr.), bright light, usu. beamed obliquely, revealing texture, detail, technique, etc.
1961in Webster. 1966R. E. Mates Photographing Art i. 18 Raking light is particularly useful in recording the condition of a painting; however, the contrast it creates is too great for a normal photographic rendition. 1972Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Apr. 496/2 It is clear in a raking light that there is a buried picture underlying ‘Praxitella’. 1981N.Y. Times 17 May (Long Island Weekly section) 20/1 Ken Otsuka's ‘Moment of Eternity’, a study of pebbles seen under raking light. 1988Pop. Photography Sept. 65 Strong, raking light creates a multitude of shadows that emphasize surface texture.
▪ VI. raking, ppl. a.2|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.2 + -ing2.]
Fast-going. Also Comb.
1862G. J. Whyte-Melville Inside the Bar ii, A well-bred, raking-looking sort of mare. 1883C. J. Wills Land Lion & Sun 61 A big, coarse, raking chestnut, that took all the boy who rode him could do to hold him.
▪ VII. raking, ppl. a.3|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.3 + -ing2.]
a. Slanting, sloping.
1711[see b]. 1778Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) I. 618/2 The square of the rail, with the raking line of the pitch-board drawn through the middle. 1801Sketch Paris I. vi. 36 A pediment, whose raking columns are composed of two stones only. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast ix. 20 A long, sharp brig,..with raking masts. 1872C. King Mountain. Sierra Nev. x. 208 Short boots, with high, raking heels.
b. In special phrases:
raking arch, a rampant arch. raking bond (see quot. 1876); also, raking stretcher bond. raking-mould, in hand-railing = face-mould. raking-piece, (a) part of the supports of a bridge-centering; (b) a low sloping piece of stage-scenery. raking plate, raking prop, raking work (see quots.).
1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 61 A *Raking Arch. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Arch. §1413 The model of a raking arch.
1876P. G. L. Smith Notes Building Construction ii. xiii. 221 *Raking Bond is of two kinds, Diagonal and Herringbone. In both the bricks in the interior of the wall are placed in directions oblique to the face. A course or two of raking bond is sometimes introduced at intervals in thick walls built in English bond. The proportion of stretchers in a brick wall diminishes according to its thickness... The raking courses are therefore useful in giving longitudinal strength to thick walls which are deficient in stretchers. In both kinds of raking bond alternate courses rake in opposite directions. 1937P. E. Thomas Mod. Building Pract. III. 294 The direction of the diagonal or raking bond is changed in each course to further strengthen the bond of the wall. 1974Bricks: Their Prop. & Use (Brick Devel. Assoc.) i. 29 (caption) Raking Stretcher bond. Economical and more interesting than normal Stretcher Bond. Joints tend to become very prominent unless mortar colour is chosen with care.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 600 The face-mould..is also called the *raking-mould.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1877/2 *Raking-pieces, pieces laid upon sills supported by the footings or impost of a pier. Above them are the striking-plates. 1884Raking-piece [see cut cloth s.v. cut ppl. a. 12]. 1898‘P. McGinnis’ Bohem. Girl 124 The theatre was like a barn, and we had to get to our dressing-room up a raking-piece with ribs nailed across it.
1887Dict. Archit., *Raking plate, for housing a step in a partition.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, *Raking Props, short wooden props used in sinking for supporting the curbs during the excavation of the sides of the shaft.
1736Neve City & C. Purchaser, *Raking-Work, that which (..in Mouldings, etc.) is to be join'd by Mitering exactly.
▪ VIII. raking, ppl. a.4|ˈreɪkɪŋ|
[f. rake v.4 + -ing2.]
Dissolute, dissipated.
a1704T. Brown Praise Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 98 A thoughtless, raking, roaring, drinking scoundrel. 1760C. Johnston Chrysal (1822) III. 116 Procuring the living for one of his raking companions. 1803M. Edgeworth Manufacturer ii, Mrs. Germaine, thanks to the raking hours she keeps,..looks ten years older than she is. |