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▪ I. talus1
(ˈteɪləs, ‖ taly)
Also 7 talu, talud.
[a. F. talus (16th c.), in Dict. Acad. 1696 talut, OF. (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) talu slope:—late pop. L. *tālūt-um, deriv. of tālus ankle (taken in sense of F. talon heel): cf. next.]
1. A slope; spec. in Fortification, the sloping side of a wall or earthwork, which gradually increases in thickness from above downwards.
1645N. Stone Enchiridion Fortif. 3 On the inward side they gave them [the walls] a Talud or slooping which increased them in thicknesse towards the bottom. 1672Phil. Trans. VII. 4081 The first Wall..being much broader below by reason of the Talu or slope. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Talus, or Talut, properly signifies any Thing that goes sloping, as the Talus of a Wall in Masonry... In Fortification, the Talus of a Bastion or Rampart, is the Slope allowed to such a Work whether it be of Earth or Stone. 1762Sterne Tr. Shandy VI. xxi, To determine the depths..of the ditches,—the talus of the glacis, and the precise height of the..parapets. 1862Wraxall tr. Hugo's Misérables iii. vii, The enemy's guns had opened a break from the parapet to the talus.
†b. The sloping side of a trench or the like.
1727Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Garden, There must be one on the Brink of the Trench to spread the Dung upon the Talus.
2. Geol. A sloping mass of detritus lying at the base of a cliff or the like, and consisting of material which has fallen from its face; also, the slope or inclination of the surface of such a mass.
1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. ii. xx. 266 It is only at a few points that the grassy covering of the sloping talus marks a temporary relaxation of the erosive action of the sea. 1863― Antiq. Man xvii. 343 Huge taluses of fallen drift. 1865Livingstone Zambesi vii. 171 The talus of each portal, keeping close together northwards, makes a narrow, upright-sided trough from the cataract up to Pajodze. 1876Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xv. 275 The cemented fragments of a terrestrial talus or scree. 1881Darwin Veg. Mould 279 An old talus of chalk-fragments (thrown out of a quarry) which had become clothed with turf.
attrib. and Comb.1867H. Macmillan in Macm. Mag. No. 99. 256/2 Great talus-heaps of débris. 1904Daily Chron. 24 Mar. 3/1 There was no stratification as might be expected if it were a talus-formation. 1906Ibid. 20 Feb. 4/2 The water getting into the talus rock, a mass of soft stuff without any regular drainage.
b. A descending slope of a mountain, etc., without reference to its mode of formation.
1830Sir T. D. Lauder Moray Floods 230 We found an extensive marl bank reposing on the inclined talus at the foot of the hill. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xv. (1856) 108 One of these bergs presented a long inclined talus, which was evidently part of an original slope, unaltered by after changes in equilibrium. 1856― Arct. Expl. I. xv. 169 A slide down an inclined plane, whose well-graded talus gave me ample time to contemplate the contingencies at its base. 1865Livingstone Zambesi ii. 61 One point of view on the talus of mount Morumbwa. 1868Lockyer tr. Guillemin's Heavens (ed. 3) 100 Beyond the second ridge a talus slopes gradually down northwards to the general level of the lunar surface.
▪ II. ‖ talus2|ˈteɪləs|
Pl. tali.
[L. tālus ankle.]
1. The ankle-bone or astragalus; also applied to an analogous part in birds and insects.
1693tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), Talus, see Astragalus. 1706Phillips (ed. 6), Talus, (lat.) the Ancle or Huckle-Bone, otherwise call'd Astragalus; the Pastern of a Beast; also a Die to play with. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 385 Talus (the Ankle), the apex of the Tibia [of an insect], where it is united to the Tarsus. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 556 The capsule of the ankle-joint was loose and lax, the talus smooth and oblique.
2. Path. A variety of clubfoot in which the toes are drawn up, the heel resting on the ground.
1864in Webster. 1887in Cassell's Encycl. Dict.
3. A nodular concretion somewhat resembling an astragalus bone.
a1728Woodward Nat. Hist. Fossils (1729) i. I. 81 Of the Septa, or Partitions, that parcel out this Body into various Masses or Tali. |