| 释义 |
-ade, suffix of ns.
1. a. Fr. -ade, ad. Pr., Sp. or Pg. -ada or It. -ata:—L. -āta, subst. use of fem. of pa. pple., as in pop. L. strāta (sc. via) a paved way, a ‘street.’ The native Fr. form of this suff. is -ée, as in entrée, acolée; -ade appeared first in the adaptation of Provençal words in -ada, as ballade, Pr. ballada, and became established as the reg. form in which Pr., Sp. or Pg. words in -ada, or their It. cognates in -ata, were adapted in Fr. In some cases these supplanted the native Fr. forms as accolade, ad. It. accollata, for OFr. acolee; in mod.Fr. -ade has become a living suffix, on which new words are formed, as gasconnade, cannonade, fusillade. From Fr., words in -ade have been adopted in Eng., without change (exc. that the early ballade, salade, have become ballad, salad) as in accolade, ambassade, ambuscade, arcade, balustrade, bastonnade, brigade, cannonade, cascade, cavalcade, comrade, crusade, enfilade, escalade, esplanade, fanfaronnade, lemonade, marmalade, masquerade, palisade, parade, rodomontade, serenade, tirade. In imitation of these some have been formed in Eng. itself, as blockade, gingerade, orangeade. The sense is analogous to the pa. pple., and to Eng. ns., in -ate, as acetate, mandate, syndicate; hence
a. An action done; as in blockade, cannonade, fusillade, crusade, parade, tirade.
b. The body concerned in an action or process; as in ambuscade, ambassade, brigade, cavalcade, comrade.
c. The product of an action, and, by extension, that of any process or raw material; as in arcade, colonnade, masquerade, lemonade, marmalade, pomade.
Equivalent forms, all:—L. -āta, appear in son-ata (a. It.), arm-ada (a Sp.), lev-ee, soir-ée (a Fr.), voll-ey, arm-y (a. OFr. volee, armee = armata, armada, armade).
2. a. Fr. -ade, ad. (directly or through L.) Gr. -αδ-α (nom. -ας); as in decade, nomade. The ordinary Eng. form of this suffix is -ad: see -ad 1.
3. ad. Sp. or Pg. -ado, or cogn. It. -ato, the masculine form answering to No. 1 above, and having
a. the same meaning, as in brocade, embossed (stuff); or
b. that of a person affected, as in renegade, one who has re-denied his faith. These also remain as -ado, cf. desperado. |