| 释义 |
▪ I. urine, n.1|ˈjʊərɪn, ˈjʊəraɪn|
Forms: α. 4–5 vryne, 4–6 uryne, 4–7 vrine, 4– urine; 4–5 ureyne, 5 vreyne. β. 4–6 vryn, 4–7 vrin, 7 urin; 5 uren.
[a. OF. urine (12th c.), ad. L. ūrīna (whence It., Pr., Pg. urina, Pg. ourina, It. and Sp. orina, OF. orine, Du. urine, G., Da., Sw. urin), related to Gr. οὖρον.]
1. a. The excrementitious fluid secreted from the blood by the kidneys in man and the higher animals, stored in the bladder, and voided at intervals through the urethra; = water n. 18.
Also freq. in Path. with qualifying terms, denoting morbid condition.
αc1325in Pol. Songs (Camden) 333 He wole wagge his urine in a vessel of glaz. 13..Seuyn Sages (W.) 1571 In vrine he segh he mighte libbe. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 60 Vreyne of a ȝong man wiþ nitre. 14..Lydg. Daunce of Machabree 417 Maister of Phisike, which on your vryne So looke and gase and stare agaynst the sunne. 1484Caxton Fables of Alfonce i, Whan the medecyns had sene..his vryne also, they sayd that he had no bodyly sekeness. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. (Percy Soc.) 67 A physycyen, truely, can lyttel descerne Ony maner sekenes wythout syght of uryne. 1584B. R. tr. Herodotus i. 34 Mandâne: whom hyr father on a night dreamed to haue let her vryne in..great aboundance. 1601Holland Pliny I. 217 Their urine (after it is made) congealeth into a certain ycie substance. 1662H. Newcome Diary (Chetham Soc.) 74 My urine gave mee some alarm, & so y⊇ Dr seeinge it [etc.]. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet in Aliments, etc. i. 248 Cucumbers are useful in bloody Urine. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 58 Human and animal urine are composed of water, oil, and salt. 1803Fessenden Poet. Petition 10 For bottled urine has, no doubt, In public mails, been frank'd about. 1819J. G. Children Chem. Anal. 308 The sugar of diabetic urine. 1873C. H. Ralfe Phys. Chem. 188 Healthy human urine is a clear, transparent, amber-coloured fluid. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1075 If chylous urine is passed into a urine glass. 1897[see smoky a. 6].
βc1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9011 He tasted his pous, saw his vryn. 13..Coer de L. 3030 Rychard bad his men seche For some wys clerk..For to loke hys uryn. a1400–50Alexander 3826 Sum of his awen vryn & sum on Iren lickid. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 950 Oil dregges and oxe uren. 1548Vicary Anat. (1888) 76 The more that the bladder is filled with vrin. 1663Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. ii. App. 324 Vrin is a Body, which, as homely and despis'd as 'tis wont to be, may [etc.]. 1691Ray N. Co. Words (ed. 2) 52 Netting, Chamber-Lee, Urin.
b. With an, etc., and pl.
1483Cath. Angl. 404/2 An Vryn, vrina..; vbi pissynge. 1525R. Bankes Seynge of Vryns (title-p.), Here begynneth the seynge of vryns,..with medycynes annexed to euery vryne. 1541Elyot Castel of Helth iv. ix. 82 The most common iudgement in sicknes is by vrines. 1625Hart Anat. Ur. i. iv. 39 The vrines of women with child alter almost euery day. 1656R. Short Drinking Water 95 They..that will not vought-safe to look upon an urine. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 312 Black Vomits, Spits, or black Urines or Stools. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., The Author establishes two kinds of Urines. 1840Cat. MSS. Brit. Mus. I. 10/1 Receipts..; with rules for the discerning of urines. 1887A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 64 The existence of kreatinine in urines.
†2. [Partly f. the vb.] The action of passing urine; urination. Obs. rare.
1561in H. B. Wilson Hist. Merchant-Taylors' Sch. (1814) 17 Unto their uryne the schollers shall goe to the places appointed them. 1638Rawley tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1650) 54 The quantity of..drink, which a man..receiveth into his body, is..much more than he voideth again..by urine, or by sweating. 1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. 43 It drank with White-wine..oft-times at urine sends forth like jags of cloath. Ibid. 57 Losing his blood at Urine. Ibid. [He] meets with my Pills..and..quite stopt his Urine of Blood.
3. a. attrib. and Comb., as urine analysis, † urine-bladder, urine-cistern, urine drainage, urine expulsor, urine-gutter, urine-monging, urine pigment, urine-provoking, urine-soaked, urine-sodden, etc.; urine battery (see quot.); urine-cart, one for conveying urine; urine fever (see quot.); urine-glass = urinal n. 1; † urine-lake poet., the contents of the bladder; † urine leader, † urine-pipe, a ureter; † urine probe (see quot. and cf. urinary a. 3 a); † urine-river poet., urine passing through a ureter; urine-salts, salts of urine; urine sugar, urinary sugar.
1884Thompson Tumours of Bladder 6 The whole subject of *urine analysis.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 916/2 *Urine battery, (Electricity). The plates are immersed in a trough through which urine flows.
1738Chambers Cycl. s.v. Bladder, From whence it takes various denominations, as *urine-bladder, gall-bladder, &c.
1837Flemish Husb. 92 in Husb. (L.U.K.) III, The carrots,..by the help of the *urine-cart, soon swell to a good size.
Ibid. 90 His *urine-cistern is twenty feet square, and seven feet deep.
1888R. Harrison in Lancet 14 Jan. 57/2 Cases where it was impossible to obtain perfect *urine drainage.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 48 b/2 The *urine expulsors, or urine-provoking remedyes.
1888R. Harrison in Lancet 14 Jan. 57/2 An aguish form of pyrexia, which I shall speak of henceforth as *urine fever.
1880Ibid. 15 May 771/1 *Urine-glasses with glass or vulcanite stop-cocks at the bottom to draw off the sediment have been made.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 443 Have every particle of filth removed daily from..the *urine-gutters.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. ii. xxv, The *Urine-lake..By little swells, and fills his stretching sides.
1615H. Crooke Body of Man (1631) 149 The Vreters or *vrine leaders or vessels of Vrine.
1623Hart Arraignm. Ur. (title-p.), The manifold errors and abuses of ignorant *Vrine-monging Empirickes. 1625― Anat. Ur. i. ii. 15 The ordinarie sort of vrine-monging Physitians.
1860P. Munk in New Syd. Soc. Year-bk. 108 On *Urine Pigment. 1863W. O. Markham tr. Anal. Urine, etc. 371 The quantity of urine pigment is considerably increased in all acute febrile diseases.
1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 372 Two other passages, called vreteres or *vrine pipes. 1625Hart Anat. Ur. ii. ix. 107 This suppression is..procured by the obstruction..of the Kidneys and Vrine-pipes.
1688Holme Armoury iii. 429/2 The Catheter, or *Urine probe,..is a long pipe with some few holes at one end.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 48 b/2 *Vrine-prouoking remedyes.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. ii. xxiv, Into a lake the *Urine-river falls.
1846G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 141 If the *urine-salts froth very much upon being treated with an acid.
1876Roberts Urinary Dis. 485 Marked symptoms of deranged *urine-secretion.
1908Animal Managem. 77 A dirty, damp, *urine-soaked mass.
1912Man. Elem. Milit. Hygiene (War Office) x. 62 The front of the latrine rapidly becomes a *urine-sodden quagmire. 1944Public Health LVII. 137/1 Nauseating odours assail one's nostrils on entry, and the source is usually located in some urine-sodden faecal-stained mattress in an upstairs room.
1876Clin. Soc. Trans. IX. 37 The *urine sugar still continuing to be very copious.
1837Flemish Husb. 83 in Husb. (L.U.K.) III, The whole being swept into the *urine-tank below.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 319 The interstitial growth..produces.., in the kidney, compression of the *urine-tubes.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 675 The *urine vat is prepared by digestion of the ground indigo in warmed stale urine.
b. urine † -caster, -doctor, -inspector, † -monger, † -prophet, one who diagnoses diseases by inspection of the urine.
1625Hart Anat. Ur. i. iv. 38 Who told these *vrine⁓mongers that the wombe daunced attendance on the bladder? 1654Whitlock Zootomia 82 Admirers of Urine⁓prophets. [Cf. piss-prophet.] 1763Brit. Mag. IV. 116 Tenant, an urine caster. 1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. iv. (1816) I. 141 The prescription of a famous urine-doctor. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVI. 50/1 In former times, the Uromantes, or Urine-casters, pretended [etc.]. 1863W. O. Markham tr. Anal. Urine, etc. 281 Dozens of specimens of urine were sent daily..to a female urine-inspector.
▪ II. † urine, n.2 Obs. rare.
[Of obscure origin; perh. an error for grine grin n.1 1.]
In Hawking: (see quots.).
1486Bk. St. Albans a ij b, Who so will take hawkes he must haue nettis wich ben kalled vrines and tho must be made of good small threde. [1621Markham Hunger's Prevent. xii. 150 You shall take a paire of those Nettes which Faulkoners commonly doe call Vrines or Vrnes.]
▪ III. urine, v. ? Obs.|ˈjʊərɪn, ˈjʊəraɪn|
[f. urine n.1, or ad. F. uriner (16th c.), ad. med.L. ūrīnāre (whence It. urinare, orinare, Pr. and Pg. urinar, Pg. ourinar, Sp. orinar, OF. oriner) to urinate.]
1. intr. To pass or make water; to urinate.
In freq. use from c 1645 to c 1700.
1605B. Jonson Volpone iv. i, By the way, I cheapend sprats: and at St Markes, I vrin'd. 1629Massinger Roman Actor ii. i, This hopefull youth Vrines vpon your monument. 1638Ford Fancies i. ii, I will..urine in thy bason. 1705Phil. Trans. XXV. 2111, I ask'd him..whether he found any ease when he did either Vomit, Sweat or Urined. 1757Gentl. Mag. Aug. 364/2 [He] felt for the first time a difficulty in urining. 1796‘A. Pasquin’ New Brighton Guide 18 As to grinning when jobbernowls urin'd upon me, 'Tis false. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India I. ii. iv. 154 When a man spits on another, when he urines on him. 1828Fleming Hist. Brit. Anim. 11 [The dog] urines sidewise, lifting his hind leg.
2. trans. To cause to pass out, as urine.
1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. 44 This man..did drink without measure, but could not urine it out.
Hence ˈurining vbl. n. Also attrib.
1668Wilkins Real Char. 241 Urining,..make water. Ibid. Alph. Dict., Ureter,..Urining Vein. |