| 释义 |
▪ I. syrup, n.|ˈsɪrəp|
Forms: α. 4–6 syrope, 4–7 (9 arch.) syrop, (5 cyryppe, 5–7 syr-, sir-, 6–7 syrr-, sirr-, 5 -ip(pe, -yp(pe, -ipe, -epe, 5–7 -op(pe, -ope, -up(pe, -upe), 5– (now U.S.) sirup, 6– syrup. β. 4 surrip, surype, 5 surripe, 6 -op, 7 -ope. γ. 5 serop, -ep, 6 -oppe, serrop. δ. 5 soryp, -ippe, 6 -yppe.
[a. OF. sirop, cyrop, serop (from 13th cent.), mod.F. sirop = It. siroppo, sciroppo, med.L. siropus, sirupus, surupus, whence MLG. sirup, MDu. syro(o)p, Du. siroop, MHG. sirop, -up, G., Sw., Da. sirup; related to the south-western Romanic forms (with or without Arabic article prefixed) Pr. eisarop, isarop (cf. MF. ysserop, essyrot), Cat. aixarop, Sp. jarope medicinal potion, bitter draught, jarabe, † ajarabe syrup, Pg. xarope, † enxarope potion, syrup; all ultimately from Arab. sharāb wine or other beverage, syrup, shurb drink: see shrab, shrub n.2, sherbet.]
1. A thick sweet liquid; esp. one consisting of a concentrated solution of sugar in water (or other medium, e.g. the juices of fruits).
a. Such a liquid medicated, or used as a vehicle for medicines.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xxi. (Bodl. MS.) lf. 43/2 Some drinke is medicinable [as] surypes [ed. 1495 cyryppes], oximel [etc.]. Ibid. xvii. xii. 193 b/1 Sirop ymade of wormode helpeþ the lyuoure. a1400–50Wars Alex. 2558 My-self with a serop [Dubl. MS. Syrope] sall saue ȝow belyue. a1400–50Stockholm Med. MS. 10 For to makyn surripe þat is stryctyf. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 76 Ȝeue him..Julep—þat is a sirup maad oonly of water & of sugre. c1450Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 1990 Sorippys bittyr be profitable to the. 1450–80tr. Secreta Secret. 33 It is holsome to take sowre Syrepe fastyng for flewme. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 444/1 Physicians.., when they wil giue a sicke man some drinke,..will sweeten it, bycause the medicine of it selfe is vnpleasant, and therefore they mixe some sugar or syrrop with it. 1604Shakes. Oth. iii. iii. 331 Not Poppy, nor Mandragora, Nor all the drowsie Syrrups of the world. 1716Poor Robin Aug. B 4, Patience is as good a Medicine to cure a waspish Woman of Sullenness, as an Ants Egg in Syrup for him that is troubled with the Sciatica. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 680 Syrups..are saturated solutions of sugar in water, either simple, or united with some vegetable principle, with the view either to colour, flavour, or medicinal virtue. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 18 Syrups are sugary liquids, the menstruum or basis of which is water, with, in some cases, vinegar or alcohol.
b. As used in cookery, confectionery, etc. as a sweetener, preservative, or article of food; also gen. (often in reference to its thick or viscid consistence).
1392–3Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 228 Pro sugro et surrip et pro j pot de sitronade, iij duc. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 7 Wardonys in syryp. Ibid. 11 Ley it on a dysshe, an caste þe syrip þer-on. c1450Ibid. 87 Peris in Syrippe. 1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 145 Hailsum of smell as ony spicery... Seroppis, sewane, sugour, and synamome. 1601Holland Pliny xx. xix. II. 69 Seeth it a second time with Honie up to the height or consistence of a Syrrup. 1617Middleton Witch i. i, Banqueting stuff, as suckets, jellies, sirups. 1697W. Dampier Voy. round World (1699) 223 Small black Seeds, mixt with a certain red Pulp like thick Syrup. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 333 Add four pounds of treble refined sugar, boil it to a thin syrup. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 435 Distil off a part of the acid, till what remains in the retort has the consistence of sirup. 1820Keats Eve St. Agnes xxx, Lucent syrops, tinct with cinnamon. 1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 229 Molasses..is the syrup which remains after all the sugar has been crystallised from it. 1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. (1862) ii. §1. 75 Sugar is largely used as an antiseptic, in syrups and preserves.
c. spec. (a) = molasses 1. local (U.S., etc.). (b) In sugar-manufacture, applied to various stages of the liquid.
c1553in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. ii. 8 Malassos or sugar Syrope. 1699Laws Nevis xxviii. §3 (1740) 22 Many Persons..buy Syrups, Sugar, and Melasses, of Negroes who steal the same. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Sugar, There are three Kinds of Syrops that run from Sugar. Ibid., Sugars of fine Syrops. 1839Ure Dict. Arts, etc. 1204 Syrup intended for forming clayed sugar must be somewhat more concentrated in the teache. 1860[see 2]. 1889in Opelousas (Louisiana) Democrat 2 Feb. 2/3 Outside of Louisiana they usually call syrup molasses.
d. transf. A liquid of syrupy consistence.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 24 It [sc. lactic acid] thickens to a syrup.
2. With qualifying words, indicating the source, or the flavouring or medicinal ingredient, as syrup of almonds, s. of diacodium, s. of poppies, s. of rhubarb, s. of roses, s. of squills, s. of vinegar, s. of violets, etc.; syrup of figs, an aperient prepared from dried figs, usu. with senna and carminatives; † syrup of soot, humorously for coffee; syrup of sugar, molasses (cf. 1 c). Also golden syrup, syrup of a bright golden-yellow colour, drained off in the process of obtaining refined crystallized sugar; green syrup (see green a. 13).
c1400Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 83 If he haue þrist, drynke he a syrupe of roses. a1400–50Stockholm Med. MS. 11 For to makyn surripe of violet; it. of wormwode. 1577B. Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 147 Some turne it [sc. milk] with..syrope of Vinegar. 1663Cup of Coffee in D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 296/2 A loathsome potion,..Syrop of soot, or essence of old shoes. 1715F. Slare Vindic. Sugars 15 Some of the most pleasant Fruits are kept in the Syrup of Sugar..the Revolution of a whole Year. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., There are various Kinds of Syrops, denominated from the various Fruits, &c. they are extracted from; as Syrop of Violets, of Elder, of Wormwood, of Poppies, &c. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. i. 18 Take..1 Ounce of Syrup of Diacodium. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. xl. (1790) 409 Such things as promote expectoration..as the syrup of squills. 1848Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 7) s.v., Syrups..are chiefly used to render medicines palatable... S. of Almonds..s. of Buckthorn..s. of Garlic..s. of Rhubarb [etc.]. 1849J. Ruskin Diary Apr. in M. Lutyens Ruskins & Grays (1972) xxi. 188 The landlady, who noticed my illness, made me some syrup of violets. 1860Ure's Dict. Arts, etc. III. 823 Crushed sugar..The concentration resembles that of loaf sugar..The first crystallisation is called ‘crushed’, and the second ‘pieces’, the drainage from which goes by the name of ‘syrup’. When this syrup is diluted, filtered through animal charcoal, and concentrated, it is called ‘golden syrup’. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 696 Sugar..in the form of honey, golden syrup, or still better the old fashioned black treacle, tends to act as a laxative. 1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 29/2 Sears' fig laxative (a pleasant syrup of figs for constipation.) 1902Maple syrup [see treacle n. 4]. 1907Verney Mem. I. 9 The fruit syrups, raspberry vinegar, home-made wines..were important drinks when tea, coffee and chocolate were unknown. 1939A. Huxley After Many a Summer ii. iii. 206 The Baby was acting strange... Acting for all the world like one of those advertisements for Sal Hepatica or California Syrup of Figs. 1981T. Barling Bikini Red North i. 29 A special diet of laxative chocolate... And syrup of figs.
3. fig.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xxix. (1535) 48 b, Lyke maner they of clere vnderstandynge haue nede..to be heled with other syropes than they of grosse vnderstandyng. 1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 86 Vertue..is..a sirrup that forthwith healeth. 1581G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iii. (1586) 145 Riches..can hardly last, without they be conserued with the sweete sirrope of wisedome. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. 18 Their rellish is altered so far with the sirope of selfe loue, that Choller is called Zeale, and Melancholy Mortification. 1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. ii. ii, Why, therein lies the sirrup of the iest. 1600S. Nicholson Acolastus (1876) 55 O lend me thy insinuating power, Words steep'd in syrop of Ambrosia. 1679Alsop Melius Inq. ii. iv. 268 They understood nothing of the Modern Curious Arts of Conserving Candying and Preserving Religion in Ceremonious Syrups; and yet Religion kept sweet and Good. 1890Spectator 1 Feb. 170/1 Mr. Gurney's perpetual sweetness is cloying. Spiritual life is not all syrup, and Mr. Gurney's poems are almost all of them syrup.
4. attrib. and Comb.
1753Chambers' Cycl. Supp. s.v., The business of syrup-making. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2191/2 Earthen sirup-jars. Ibid., Sirup-stand, an attachment to a soda-water apparatus to supply the tumblers with sirups. 1884Ibid., Suppl. 818/2 The..sirup gage..is a device..for delivering a fixed quantity of sirup and carbonade into bottles at the bottling machine.
▪ II. ˈsyrup, v.
[f. prec. n.]
Hence syruped |ˈsɪrəpt| ppl. a., ˈsyruping vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1. trans. To cover with or immerse in syrup. Also, in bottling fruit, etc., to fill the bottle with syrup.
1619Drayton Quest of Cynthia l, Yet when there haps a honey fall, Wee'll lick the sirupt leaues. 1640T. Carew Complement vi. Poems (1651) 138 Suger'd sweets, as sirropt berries. 1659Gauden Slight Healers (1660) 34 As gilded or syrupped bitter pils. 1859C. Rossetti Goblin Market Poet. Wks. (1904) 7/1 The drip Of juice that syruped all her face. 1875Howells Foregone Concl. 34 Padre Girolamo does not shower these syruped rose-leaves indiscriminately upon visitors. 1885Pall Mall G. 15 Oct. 4/1 The ‘syruping’ and ‘labelling’ is..done by boys.
†2. To treat with medicinal syrup. Obs.
Cf. Sp. jarop(e)ar, to medicine.
1671Maynwaring Anc. & Mod. Pract. Physick 31 No syruping, no apozems, no Barly waters. 1792W. Roberts Looker-on No. 29 (1794) I. 418 To be perfumed into health, and syrupped into a sound constitution.
3. To make into or bring to the consistence of syrup.
1847W. J. Evans Sugar-planter's Man. 174 Moulds..admit of a..more successful syruping afterwards, should it be desirable to submit the sugar to that operation. Ibid. 180 Liquoring or syruping the sugar has for its object the replacing of the dark-coloured molasses by another liquid of greater purity and of lighter colour. Ibid. 184 When the sugar after it has been syruped is sufficiently dry, it must be..put into hogsheads. |