| 释义 |
effigy|ˈɛfɪdʒɪ|
[a. F. effigie, ad. L. effigiēs in same sense, f. effingĕre to fashion. Our examples before 18th c. are either pl. or in the phrase in effigie (see 2), so that they may belong to L. effigies.]
1. A likeness, portrait, or image. Now chiefly applied to a sculptured representation, or to a habited image, as in 2; also to a portrait on a coin; in wider sense somewhat arch.
1539N. Wotton in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. cxliv. II. 122 Hanze Albein hath taken th'effigies of my Ladye Anne and the ladye Amelye. 1611Coryat Crudities 211 Their pictures or effigies (for I doubt whether picture be a proper word..because it is not done with the pensill) are made of this worke [mosaic]. 1673Cave Prim. Chr. iii. ii. 282 The Effigies & Representations of Martyrs. 1713Steele Englishm. No. 55 ⁋1 The burning the Effigy of the Pretender. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxxi. 384 But his Effigie is often carried abroad in Procession, mounted on a Coach four Stories high. 1847Emerson Repr. Men iv. Wks. (Bohn) I. 343, I look at his effigy opposite the title-page. 1853Phillips Rivers Yorksh. viii. 195 Coins, bearing the effigy of the Horse. 1870F. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 29 An ancient cross-legged effigy clad in mail.
2. Phrases. in effigy: under the form, or by means of, a portrait or image; also fig. to execute, hang, burn in effigy: to inflict upon an image the semblance of the punishment which the original is considered to have deserved; formerly done by way of carrying out a judicial sentence on a criminal who had escaped; now only as an expression of popular indignation or hatred.
In the early examples the phrase in effigie was prob. always intended as Latin; in poetry of the 17th c. the pronunc. with 4 syllables is usually indicated.
1617Donne Serm. (1661) III. 14 In those that are damned before, we are damned in Effigie. a1652Brome Queene's Exch. ii. i. (1657) C j b, Marvel not..when this but in Effigy [sic, though metre requires L. in effigie] Was but plac'd by her. 16663rd Advice Painter 31 Gibson, farewell, till next we put to sea, Faith thou hast drawn her in Effigie. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 1528 Some, on the Sign⁓post of an Ale-house Hang in Effigy on the Gallows. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4367/1 A Third, nam'd Piaget, was executed in Effigie, he had fled from Justice. 1711Addison Spect. No. 69 ⁋7 One of our old Kings..is represented in Effigy. 1724Swift Wood's Exec. Wks. 1755 V. ii. 157 The people..appointed certain commissioners to hang him in effigie. 1833H. Martineau Manch. Strike iii. 32 Who proposed to burn them in effigy?
3. effigy-mound, a prehistoric earth mound in the shape of an animal.
1885Science V. 131/2 So few earthworks resembling animals in their shape are known beyond the limits of Wisconsin, that I send you an account..of the most interesting..Minnesota effigy mounds. 1929Encycl. Brit. (ed. 14) XV. 928/2 In Wisconsin the most interesting mounds are the effigy mounds—earthen forms of mammals, birds and reptiles. Ibid., The purpose of these effigy mounds is probably totemic. 1948A. L. Kroeber Anthropology (ed. 2) xviii. 820 Some early Woodland cultures..Proto-Effigy Mound or Old Copper, Wisconsin... Some middle-period cultures..Effigy Mound, Wisconsin.
Hence ˈeffigy v. trans., to serve as a picture of, to ‘body forth’.
1816J. Scott Vis. Paris 52 Paris..is..rich in what is calculated..to suggest reflection..by effigying the events of a far distant date. |