| 释义 |
ecto-|ˈɛktəʊ|
repr. Gr. ἐκτο, -stem of ἐκτός adv., outside; employed as comb. form in many compounds of mod. formation, as ˈecto-blast [Gr. βλαστός sprout], see quot.; ectoˈblastic a., of or belonging to an ectoblast; ˌecto-calˈcaneal a., see quot. and calcaneal; ectoˈchondral a. Anat., situated or occurring outside cartilage; ˈectochone Zool., the outermost structure of a chone; ˌecto-ˈcondyloid [Gr. κόνδυλος knuckle + -oid], see quot.; ˌecto-ˈcuneiform a., see quot. and cuneiform; ˈectocyst [Gr. κύστ-ις bag], see quot. and cyst; ˈectoderm [Gr. δέρµα skin], the outer layer of the blastoderm, also called epiblast; also, a term applied to the outer layer of the body of the Cœlenterata; hence ectoˈdermal a., ectoˈdermic a.; ˌectodynamoˈmorphic a. (see quots.); ecto-ˈethmoid Zool., the prefrontal bone of the skull; ectoˈlecithal a. Embryol., having the food yolk situated outside the formative yolk; ˈectoloph Zool., the outer ridge on the crown of a lophodont tooth; ˈectomere Embryol., each of the cells produced by the segmentation of the ovum; ˌecto-ˈmetatarse [mod.L. metatarsus the bones between the tarsus and the toes], see quot. for ecto-calcaneal; ectoˈneural a. Zool., of or pertaining to nerves situated superficially in an echinoderm; ˌecto-ˈparasite, see quot. 1861; hence ˌecto-paraˈsitic a.; ˈectophyte, an external vegetable parasite; hence ectoˈphytic a.; ˌecto-ˈproctous a. [Gr. πρωκτός anus, rump], belonging to the Ectoprocta, an order of Polyzoa having the anus outside the mouth-tentacles; ˌecto-ˈpterygoid a. [see pterygoid], see quot.; ectoˈrhinal a., situated on the outer side of the nose; ˈecto-sarc Zool. [Gr. σάρξ, σαρκ-ός flesh], the outer transparent sarcode-layer of certain rhizopods, such as the Amœba; ˈectosome, the outer layer of the body wall of certain sponges; hence ectoˈsomal a.; ecˈtosteal a. Anat., of, pertaining to, or situated on the exterior surface of a bone; hence ecˈtosteally adv.; ectoˈstosis [on the analogy of Gr. ἐξόστωσις, f. ὀστέον bone], an external growth of bone; ectoˈzoon (pl. -a) [Gr. ζῶον animal], see quot.
1864Webster, *Ecto-blast, the Membrane composing the walls of a cell.
1889Cent. Dict., *Ectoblastic. 1902Daily Chron. 16 Sept. 5/2 A pair of ectoblastic invaginations. 1910Practitioner Jan. 40 The core of the chorionic villus is mesoblastic in origin,..whereas the trophoblast is ectoblastic.
1854Owen in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 74/2 There are three calcaneal processes..the third, called ‘*ectocalcaneal’, from behind the ectocondyloid cavity and the ectometatarse.
1889A. Macalister Text-bk. Hum. Anat. 38 The mesoblastic tissue..is replaced by bone in either of two ways, which are called respectively *ectochondral and entochondral ossification. 1913Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 86 Cartilage bones are those which are preformed in cartilage, and include most of the bones of the skeleton. Their growth is often described as endochondral and ectochondral, the former term implying the deposition of membrane bone in the centre of the cartilage, while the latter signifies a deposit of membrane bone on the surface of the cartilage.
1887Sollas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 415/1 A transverse muscular sphincter, which defines an outer division or *ectochone from an inner or endochone. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Forms Anim. Life 795 The..chonae..are divided into an outer part, the ectochone, long and cylindrical, and an inner part, the endochone.
1854Owen in Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) II. 74/1 The ‘*ectocondyloid’ surface.
Ibid. 68/2 A smaller ossicle..is the ‘*ectocuneiform’. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. v. 208 The ecto-cuneiform may enormously preponderate over the other cuneiforms as in the Horse.
1880Athenæum 23 Oct. 536/1 Each individual of a colony of Polyzoa is encased in a cell known as the *ectocyst.
1861J. R. Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Cœlent. 11 The *ectoderm growing from within outwards. 1879tr. Haeckel's Evol. Man I. iii. 67 The upper germ-layer, from which the outer skin and the flesh proceed, Huxley named Ecto-derm, or Outer layer.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. i. 55 The *ectodermal cells constitute the epidermis (ecderon).
1877Foster Text-bk. Physiol. iii. 74 The junction of the *ectodermic muscular process [in Hydra] with the body of its cell.
1927C. F. Marbut tr. Glinka's Great Soil Groups 34 We propose to designate them as endo⁓dynamomorphic soils to distinguish them from the *ekto⁓dynamomorphic soils in which external factors predominate over the internal. 1930Nature 19 July 89 Ektodynamomorphic soils, that is, those in which climatic and other external factors in soil formation predominate over internal ones.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Forms Anim. Life 91 Anteriorly to the septum is a large bone, the *ecto-ethmoid..(= the pre-frontal of Huxley). 1928C. F. Cooper Parker & Haswell's Text-Bk. Zool. (ed. 4) II. 78 The outer walls of the olfactory capsules may be ossified by paired ecto-ethmoids.
1884Sedgwick & Heathcote tr. Claus' Zool. I. 112 The first processes of segmentation in these at first *ectolecithal ova are withdrawn from observation, since they take place in the centre of an egg covered by a superficial layer of food yolk.
1905Amer. Geol. Apr. 244 The outer border (*ectoloph) rises higher than the cross crests. 1966A. S. Romer Vert. Paleont. (ed. 3) xx. 239 An ectoloph, forming the outer wall of the tooth, connecting paracone and metacone and often..with a W-shaped contour.
1889Cent. Dict., *Ectomere. 1890Billings Med. Dict., Ectomere, the larger of the two primitive cells produced by the segmentation of the mammalian ovum after impregnation. 1924E. V. Cowdry Gen. Cytology 584 The subdivisions of these ectomeres are much more numerous in large eggs than in small ones.
1909A. Sedgwick Student's Text-Bk. Zool. III. iii. 123 The ectodermal part of this plexus, which is continuous with the endodermal and may be called the *ectoneural, is especially concentrated in an annular tract round the mouth. 1962D. Nichols Echinoderms ii. 28 The main sensory part lies orally, and has been called the superficial oral or ectoneural system.
1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. vi. 291 Those Parasites which derive their nourishment from the skin..have..been named..*Ectoparasites. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. iv. 192 Balatro [is] an ectoparasite, upon oligochætous Annelids.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. 42 The Myxinoids..are..*ecto-parasitic.
1883D. Macalister tr. Ziegler's Path. Anat. i. 354 *Ectophyte. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 439/1 There is a reciprocal symbiosis between the Angiosperm and the fungus which is endophytic, only rarely *ectophytic. Ibid., More or fewer of their rootlets have their extremities invested by a weft of hyphal mycelium as an ectophytic mycorhiza.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. viii. 460 The characteristic polypide of the *ectoproctous Polyzoa is a structure developed from the cystid.
1872Mivart Elem. Anat. 131 The bony palate may be enriched by the addition..of two extra bones, the *ecto-pterygoid and the ento-pterygoid.
1890Jrnl. Anat. XXV. 106 The demarcation between these two parts is due to the presence of a fissure, more or less distinctly defined in different animals, which has been named the rhinal or *ectorhinal fissure. 1904A. Keith Hum. Embryol. (ed. 2) 258 Hippocampal and Ectorhinal Fissures.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. ii. 94 Beneath this lies a thick cortical layer (*ectosarc) distinguished by its clearness and firmness from the semifluid central substance (endosarc).
1888Sollas in Challenger Rep. XXV. p. xvi, This cleavage occurs parallel to the outer surface, dividing the sponge at once into a choanosomal and *ectosomal portion.
1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 415/1 An outer or *ectosome and an inner or choanosome. 1959Chambers's Encycl. XIII. 101/2 The ectosome consists of a single-layered epithelium which may become several layers thick.
1868W. K. Parker Monogr. Struct. & Devel. Shoulder-Girdle Vertebrata 66 In all the known Urodela the endosteal deposits are entirely ruled by the much earlier and more potent *ectosteal sheath. 1870W. H. Flower Introd. Osteol. Mamm. vii. 74 They ossify, according to Parker, *ectosteally, or from without inwards.
1860Mayne Exp. Lex., *Ectozoon, a general term for those parasitic insects..that infest the surface, or external part of the body, in distinction from the Entozoa. |