| 释义 |
economical, a.|iːkəˈnɒmɪkəl, ɛ-|
Forms: see economy. Also 6 oiconomical.
[f. as prec. + -al1.]
1. a. Pertaining to a household or its management; resembling what prevails in a household. arch.
1579G. Harvey Lett.-bk (1884) 61 The other œconomical matter you wotte of. 1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 493 Oeconomicall science, that is..the art of ruling a house well. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 6 Those priuate vertues..concerne his economicall administration. 1680Sir R. Filmer Patriarcha ii. §2 Adam had only economical power, but not political. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. iv. §1. 425 Œconomical Convenience first determined the Ratio's of Doors, Windows, etc.
b. Pertaining to pecuniary position.
1825–45Carlyle Schiller App. (ed. 2) 270 My economical circumstances render it impossible for me to travel much.
2. a. Pertaining to, or concerned with, the development of material resources; relating to political economy. Cf. economy 3.
1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xxxi. 173 The economical writers of antiquity..recommend the former method. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 117 Commerce..and manufacture, the gods of our œconomical politicians, are themselves perhaps but creatures. 1878Morley Condorcet 43 Why did not France sink under her economical disorders?
b. = economic 2 b.
1792A. Young Trav. France 210 He had the direction..of the œconomical garden. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art II. 28 Many very important applications of this principle have been made by Count Rumford to œconomical purposes. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits v. 99 Bakewell created..breeds in which every thing is omitted but what is economical.
3. a. Characterized by, or tending to economy; of persons; saving, thrifty; opposed to wasteful. Cf. economy 4.
1780Burke Sp. on Œconomical Reform 17 An œconomical constitution is a necessary basis for an œconomical administration. 1837Thirlwall Greece IV. xxxii. 228 The more economical application of the public revenue. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 259 The use of animal flesh..as a principal article of diet..is very far from being economical. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 89 He will not work in an economical way. 1880L. Stephen Pope iv. 92 Illustrative of his economical habits.
b. economical man = economic man (economic a. 2 d).
1858H. C. Carey Princ. Social Sci. I. i. 29 We have the politico-economical man, on one hand influenced solely by the thirst for wealth, and on the other..under the control of the sexual passion. 1880Bagehot Econ. Studies ii. 83 The nature of the ‘man’ who first occupied new countries did not ‘conform’ to the standard of economical man; the being of reality was not the being of the hypothesis. The first men..nearly approached in nature to the present savage man... They could not make any of the articles which we now call ‘wealth’.
4. = economic 5.
1833J. H. Newman Arians 80 Careful ever to maintain substantial truth in our use of the economical method. 1864― Apol. 386 She observes no half-measures, no economical reserve.
5. a. Pertaining to a dispensation; cf. economy 5 b. b. Pertaining to an organization; cf. economy 8.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 631 The Trinity..doth defende the Oiconomical state, that is, the mistery of the dispensation. 1646Burd. Issachar in Phenix (1708) II. 265 This Sanhedrim is Christ's Vicegerent in his oeconomical Kingdom. 1670Maynwaring Vita Sacra iii. 40 The Oeconomical harmony is disturbed. a1726W. Reeve Serm. (1729) 171 When the..Son of God had served the prophetic and priestly parts of his œconomical charge. 1817G. S. Faber Eight Dissertations (1845) I. 37 The economical office of the Word..is to declare the Father to his creatures. |