| 释义 |
▪ I. sympathy, n.|ˈsɪmpəθɪ|
Also 6–7 sim-, -ie.
[ad. late L. sympathia, a. Gr. συµπάθεια, f. συµπαθής having a fellow feeling, f. σύν sym- + παθ-, root of πάθος suffering, feeling, πάσχειν to suffer. Cf. F. sympathie (from 15th c.), It., Sp. simpatia, Pg. sympathia.]
1. a. A (real or supposed) affinity between certain things, by virtue of which they are similarly or correspondingly affected by the same influence, affect or influence one another (esp. in some occult way), or attract or tend towards each other. Obs. exc. Hist. or as merged in other senses.
powder of sympathy (sympathy-powder), a powder supposed to heal wounds by ‘sympathy’ on being applied to a handkerchief or garment stained with blood from the wound, or to the weapon with which the wound was inflicted: also called sympathetic powder (see sympathetic a. 1).
[1579J. Jones Preserv. Bodie & Soule Ep. Ded. p. vi, Plato also testifieth suche a Sympathia to be betweene the bodye and the soule, that if either exceede the meane, the one suffereth with the other.] a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. xvii. (1912) 455 His Impresa was a Catoblepta, which so long lies dead, as the Moone (whereto it hath so naturall a sympathie) wants her light. 1601Holland Pliny II. Explan. A vj b, Sympathie, i. a fellow-feeling, used in Plinie for the agreement or amitie naturall in divers senselesse things, as betweene yron and the loadstone. Ibid. xxiv. i. II. 175 In every..corner of the world there may be observed both sympathies and antipathies (I meane those naturall combinations and contrarieties in those her creatures). 1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. xii. 431 Crabbes heere with vs haue a sympathy with the Moone, and are fullest with her fulnes. 1658R. White (title) A late Discourse Made..in France, By Sr. Kenelme Digby..Touching the Cure of Wounds by the Powder of Sympathy. 1668Sedley Mulberry Gard. iii. ii. 43, I have Sympathy-powder about me, if you will give me your handkercher while the blood is warm, will cure it immediately. 1711Steele Spect. No. 53 ⁋3 Those Applications which are said to convey their virtues by Sympathy. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 181 The cures said to have been performed by magnetic sympathy. 1883W. G. Black Folk-Medicine iii. 50 That doctrine of sympathy which accompanies all remedies by association.
b. Physiol. and Path. A relation between two bodily organs or parts (or between two persons) such that disorder, or any condition, of the one induces a corresponding condition in the other.
1603Holland Plutarch Explan. Words, Sympathie, that is to say, A fellow feeling, as is between the head and stomacke. 1655Culpepper, etc. Riverius vii. i. 146 Breathing is hindered by sympathy or consent from other parts. 1668― & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. xvii. 47 The Sympathy between the Kidneys and the Stomach, as when persons diseased in their Kidneys, are troubled with Stomach-sickness and vomiting. 1836A. Combe Physiol. Digestion ii. iv. (ed. 2) 161 The sympathy between them [sc. the skin and the mucous coat of the alimentary canal] is..very rapid and intimate. Eruptions on the skin, for example, are almost always owing to disorder of the digestive organs; and bowel-complaint, on the other hand, is often produced by a sudden chill on the surface. 1871A. Meadows Man. Midwifery (ed. 2) 167 The child should be put to the breast..as this.., through the sympathy between the breast and uterus, is sure to excite uterine action.
c. Comm. in phr. in sympathy with, used in market reports in reference to a rise or fall in the price of a commodity induced by a rise or fall in that of another, or by some event or circumstance.
1897Daily News 7 May 7/2 Corn opened easy, with July 1/8c. down.., but recovered in sympathy with wheat. 1912Times 19 Dec. 20/4 Lard... American refined in pails is easier in sympathy with advices from the other side.
2. Agreement, accord, harmony, consonance, concord; agreement in qualities, likeness, conformity, correspondence. Obs. or merged in 3 a.
[1567Fenton Trag. Disc. ii. (1898) I. 90 If he had bene aunswerd with a sympathia, or equalitie of frendshipp. Ibid. xiii. II. 247 Whereof [sc. of the passion or fever of love] there seamed alredie a sympathia, or equalitie, betwene the two younglinges. 1574J. Jones Nat. Beginning Grow. Things 29 Of the good effectes, Simpathia, vnity, agreements of the spirites, humors and members, health is..preserued. ]1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 48 Doth not the simpathy of manners make the coniunction of mindes? 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. i. 148 O what a simpathy of woe is this! 1589Puttenham Engl. Poesie ii. x. [xi.] (Arb.) 98 If it please the eare well, the same represented by delineation to the view pleaseth the eye well..: and this is by a naturall simpathie, betweene the eare and the eye, and betweene tunes and colours, even as there is the like betweene the other sences and their obiects. 1590Greene Mourn. Garment Wks. (Grosart) IX. 179 Iubal exercised Musike, and spent his time in practising the simpathy of sundry sounds. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. iii. 85 O he is euen in my Mistresse case..O wofull simpathy. 1598― Merry W. ii. i. 7, 9, 10. 1604 ― Oth. ii. i. 232 There should be..simpathy in yeares, Manners, and Beauties: all which the Moore is defectiue in. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. P. ii. (1900) 234, I think there was a kind of a Sympathy betwixt that Valley and him. 1777Watson Philip II (1793) II. xi. 8 He was strongly attached by sympathy of manners to the Princes. 1847L. Hunt Jar Honey xii. (1848) 159 One of those sympathies of colour which are often finer than contrast.
3. a. Conformity of feelings, inclinations, or temperament, which makes persons agreeable to each other; community of feeling; harmony of disposition.
1596Spenser Hymn Beauty 199 Loue is a celestiall harmonie, Of likely harts..Which ioyne together in sweete sympathie, To worke ech others ioy and true content. 1633Heywood Eng. Trav. i. i, So sweet a simpathie, As crownes a noble marriage. 1775Harris Philos. Arrangem. Wks. (1841) 291 There is..a social sympathy in the soul of man, which prompts..individuals..to congregate, and form themselves into tribes. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) IV. 61 The sympathies and antipathies, the whims and prejudices that..haunt us. 1833H. Martineau Briery Creek ii. 26 It was impossible that there could be much sympathy between two men so unlike. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. x. (1877) 206 They enjoy the sympathy of kindred souls.
b. The quality or state of being affected by the condition of another with a feeling similar or corresponding to that of the other; the fact or capacity of entering into or sharing the feelings of another or others; fellow-feeling. Also, a feeling or frame of mind evoked by and responsive to some external influence. Const. with (a person, etc., or a feeling).
1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. p. x, Out of faithful and true simpathy and fellow-feeling with you. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 465 With answering looks Of sympathie and love. Ibid. x. 540 Horror on them fell, And horrid sympathie. 1756Burke Subl. & Beaut. i. xiii, Sympathy must be considered as a sort of Substitution, by which we are put in the place of another man, and affected in many respects as he is affected. 1784Cowper Task vi. 1 There is in souls a sympathy with sounds..Some chord in unison with what we hear Is touched within us, and the heart replies. 1833Coleridge Table-t. 30 Aug., For compassion a human heart suffices: but for full and adequate sympathy with joy, an angel's only. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. v. 447 Our sympathies are naturally on the side of the weak and the unsuccessful. 1859Hawthorne Fr. & It. Journals II. 277 Such depth and breadth of sympathy with Nature. 1862Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iii. 99 A cheerful disposition..leads to sympathy with others in all the smaller concerns of life. 1880Disraeli Endym. xvi, The sympathy of sorrow is stronger than the sympathy of prosperity. 1907Verney Mem. I. 76 A favourite daughter, to whom he turned on all occasions for sympathy and affection.
c. spec. The quality or state of being thus affected by the suffering or sorrow of another; a feeling of compassion or commiseration. Const. for, with (a person), for, in, with, † rarely of (an event, experience, etc.).
1600S. Nicholson Acolastus' After-witte D 2, The showres which daily from mine eyes are raining, Draw the dum creatures to a sympathie. a1701Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 34 A kind of Sympathy in the River, for the Death of Adonis. 1777S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett (ed. 4) II. 107, I wanted to express my sympathy of your present misfortune. 1783Burke Sp. Fox's E. India Bill Wks. 1808 IV. 20 To awaken something of sympathy for the unfortunate natives. 1796― Corr. (1844) IV. 360 Your sympathy makes our ill-health a great deal more tolerable. 1807Southey Espriella's Lett. (1808) II. 323 They have..little sympathy for distresses which they have never felt. 1829Landor Imag. Conv., Penn & Peterborough II. 269 Joining in the amusements of others is..the next thing to sympathy in their distresses. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxxv. 88 Canst thou feel for me Some painless sympathy with pain? 1872Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 381 Every expression of human sympathy brings some little comfort. 1893Academy 30 Dec. 581/1 Sympathy with the bereaved parents and for the bride was..deeply felt.
d. In weakened sense: A favourable attitude of mind towards a party, cause, etc.; disposition to agree or approve. Const. with, rarely for, in.
1823Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 526 Their sympathy in the instinct and principle by which it was carried on. 1838Sir F. B. Head Narrative 9 Feb. xi. (1839) 384 American ‘sympathy’ for our absconded [Canadian] traitors was unbridled and unchecked. 1852Hawthorne Blithedale Rom. ix, Priscilla's silent sympathy with his purposes, so unalloyed with criticism. 1864Newman Apol. i. (1904) 8/2 In his [sc. Whately's] special theological tenets I had no sympathy. 1893W. Forbes-Mitchell Remin. Gt. Mutiny 293 He had no sympathy with the anti-opium party.
4. Comb. sympathy card, a printed card expressing condolence on a bereavement; sympathy strike = sympathetic strike s.v. sympathetic a. 3 b; hence sympathy striker.
1967‘T. Wells’ Dead by Light of Moon (1968) x. 102 ‘Sympathy cards? Oh yes.’ I remembered now. She wrote greeting card verses. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 27 June 3–d/4, I left it in a phone booth while I was writing a sympathy card to be mailed.
1937Sun (Baltimore) 19 Mar. 2/3, 200 women in the South Unit sewing department..struck because of a wage dispute. Some 280 other women seamstresses in the North Unit staged a one-hour ‘sympathy strike’. 1981Sunday Tel. 22 Mar. 6/6 The first sympathy strike by students of an American university has been organised in support of demands made by students on strike at a brother-campus in Britain.
1973Morning Star 28 Aug. 3 (heading) Chrysler hit by sympathy strikers.
▪ II. † ˈsympathy, v. Obs. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
intr. To have ‘sympathy’ or affinity; to agree in nature or qualities (with something).
1615Breton Charac. 19 It [sc. love] simpathies with life, and participates with light, when the eye of the minde sees the ioy of the heart. a1634Randolph Muse's Looking Glass ii. iii, Pleasures, that are not mans, as man is man, But as his nature sympathies with beasts. |