| 释义 |
dynamo, n.|ˈdaɪnəməʊ|
Pl. -os.
[Abbreviated from dynamo-machine, itself short for dynamo-electric machine.]
a. Electr. A machine for converting energy in the form of mechanical power into energy in the form of electric currents, by the operation of setting conductors (usually in the form of coils of copper wire) to rotate in a magnetic field.
The full name dynamo-electric machine was given by Siemens in 1867, to distinguish his invention from the magneto-electric machines previously used, in which the electric current was generated by means of a permanent magnet. But in the shortened form dynamo (recommended by Prof. S. P. Thompson early in 1882), the use of the word has been extended so as to include all forms of these machines: see quot. 1884.[1882Times 2 Dec. 5 Professor Thompson said that the name ‘dynamo-electric machine’ was first applied by Dr. Werner Siemens in a communication made in January, 1867, to the Berlin Academy. He there described a machine for generating electric currents by the application of mechanical power, the currents being induced in the coils of a rotating armature by the action of electro-magnets which were themselves excited by the currents so generated. The machine was, in fact, a self-exciting dynamo.] 1875Specif. Clark's Patent No. 4311. 2 Dynamo-electric machine. 1878S. P. Thompson in Engineering 20 Dec. 300 Such machines were more powerful than those in which only steel magnets were used; and they have received the name dynamo-electric machines. Ibid., The cost of producing electric currents of any required power is now simply the cost of..a dynamo-machine and a steam-engine, and of the coal and labour necessary to supply and attend to them. 1880Print. Trades Jrnl. No. 32. 26 Instructions..for depositing Copper by the battery, or by the Dynamo-machine. 1882Athenæum 5 Aug. 179/2 The word ‘dynamo’ is now being used as a noun in the place of ‘dynamo-electric machine’, and from its convenience it will probably soon become the generic term. 1884S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electric Mach. 3 A dynamo is a dynamo, in fact, whether its magnets be excited by the whole of its own current, or by a part of its own current, or by a current from an independent source. Ibid. 4 The arbitrary distinction between so-called magneto-electric machines and dynamo-electric machines fails when examined carefully. In all these machines a magnet, whether permanently excited, independently excited, or self-excited, is employed to provide a field of magnetic force. Ibid. xi. 199 (Heading) The magneto-dynamo or magneto-electric machine. 1885Athenæum No. 2985. 54 Efficiency and economic coefficient of dynamos, the series dynamo and the shunt dynamo being separately considered. 1916Autocar Handbk. (ed. 6) xvii. 240 Electric lighting failed to secure adoption until the complete system involving the fitting of a dynamo upon the car came forward. 1936Encycl. Sports 212/2 Many firms make cheap, light, and reliable dynamos driven off the edge of the front or rear tire.
b. fig.
1892G. Meredith Let. 4 Feb. (1970) II. 1064 Ask Jim whether his whirring dynamo of a brain has flung to nothing Will's questions. 1904E. Dowden Browning 327 Any stream of moral electricity worked from a dynamo of the will. 1938Time 24 Oct. 2/2 In short, I am to be..the ‘alter ego’ of a human dynamo. 1963D. Ogilvy Confess. Advert. Man (1964) i. 18, I have to rely on..empirical techniques for spotting creative dynamos. |